Privatize HAL constructors

Forces caller to go via create function which includes overlap checks before class is instantiated.

.gitignore

@@ -17,3 +17,4 @@ myAutomation.h
 myFilter.cpp
 myLayout.h
 .vscode/extensions.json
+.vscode/extensions.json

IODevice.h

@@ -260,8 +260,6 @@ private:
 class PCA9685 : public IODevice {
 public:
   static void create(VPIN vpin, int nPins, uint8_t I2CAddress);
-  // Constructor
-  PCA9685(VPIN vpin, int nPins, uint8_t I2CAddress);
   enum ProfileType : uint8_t {
     Instant = 0,  // Moves immediately between positions (if duration not specified)
     UseDuration = 0, // Use specified duration
@@ -273,6 +271,8 @@ public:
   };
 
 private:
+  // Constructor
+  PCA9685(VPIN vpin, int nPins, uint8_t I2CAddress);
   // Device-specific initialisation
   void _begin() override;
   bool _configure(VPIN vpin, ConfigTypeEnum configType, int paramCount, int params[]) override;
@@ -320,10 +320,10 @@ private:
 class DCCAccessoryDecoder: public IODevice {
 public:
   static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, int DCCAddress, int DCCSubaddress);
-  // Constructor
-  DCCAccessoryDecoder(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, int DCCAddress, int DCCSubaddress);
 
 private:
+  // Constructor
+  DCCAccessoryDecoder(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, int DCCAddress, int DCCSubaddress);
   // Device-specific write function.
   void _begin() override;
   void _write(VPIN vpin, int value) override;
@@ -343,13 +343,13 @@ public:
     addDevice(new ArduinoPins(firstVpin, nPins));
   }
   
-  // Constructor
-  ArduinoPins(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins);
-
   static void fastWriteDigital(uint8_t pin, uint8_t value);
   static bool fastReadDigital(uint8_t pin);
 
 private:
+  // Constructor
+  ArduinoPins(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins);
+
   // Device-specific pin configuration
   bool _configure(VPIN vpin, ConfigTypeEnum configType, int paramCount, int params[]) override;
   // Device-specific write function.

IO_AnalogueInputs.h

@@ -59,6 +59,10 @@
  **********************************************************************************************/
 class ADS111x: public IODevice { 
 public:
+  static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, uint8_t i2cAddress) {
+    if (checkNoOverlap(firstVpin,nPins)) new ADS111x(firstVpin, nPins, i2cAddress);
+  }
+private:
   ADS111x(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, uint8_t i2cAddress) {
     _firstVpin = firstVpin;
     _nPins = min(nPins,4);
@@ -68,10 +72,6 @@ public:
       _value[i] = -1;
     addDevice(this);
   }
-  static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, uint8_t i2cAddress) {
-    if (checkNoOverlap(firstVpin,nPins)) new ADS111x(firstVpin, nPins, i2cAddress);
-  }
-private:
   void _begin() {
     // Initialise ADS device
     if (I2CManager.exists(_i2cAddress)) {

IO_DFPlayer.h

@@ -69,6 +69,12 @@ private:
   unsigned long _commandSendTime; // Allows timeout processing
 
 public:
+ 
+  static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, HardwareSerial &serial) {
+    if (checkNoOverlap(firstVpin,nPins)) new DFPlayer(firstVpin, nPins, serial);
+  }
+
+protected:
   // Constructor
   DFPlayer(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, HardwareSerial &serial) :
     IODevice(firstVpin, nPins),
@@ -77,12 +83,7 @@ public:
     addDevice(this);
   }
 
-  static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, HardwareSerial &serial) {
+ void _begin() override {
-    if (checkNoOverlap(firstVpin,nPins)) new DFPlayer(firstVpin, nPins, serial);
-  }
-
-protected:
-  void _begin() override {
     _serial->begin(9600);
     _deviceState = DEVSTATE_INITIALISING;
 

IO_ExampleSerial.h

@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@
 
 class IO_ExampleSerial : public IODevice {
 public:
-  IO_ExampleSerial(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, HardwareSerial *serial, unsigned long baud);
   static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, HardwareSerial *serial, unsigned long baud);  
 
 protected:
+  IO_ExampleSerial(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, HardwareSerial *serial, unsigned long baud);
   void _begin() override;
   void _loop(unsigned long currentMicros) override;
   void _write(VPIN vpin, int value) override;

IO_HCSR04.h

@@ -73,6 +73,14 @@ private:
   const uint16_t factor = 58; // ms/cm
 
 public:
+ 
+  // Static create function provides alternative way to create object
+  static void create(VPIN vpin, int trigPin, int echoPin, uint16_t onThreshold, uint16_t offThreshold) {
+    if (checkNoOverlap(vpin) && checkNoOverlap(trigPin) && checkNoOverlap(echoPin))
+        new HCSR04(vpin, trigPin, echoPin, onThreshold, offThreshold);
+  }
+
+protected:
   // Constructor perfroms static initialisation of the device object
   HCSR04 (VPIN vpin, int trigPin, int echoPin, uint16_t onThreshold, uint16_t offThreshold) {
     _firstVpin = vpin;
@@ -83,15 +91,7 @@ public:
     _offThreshold = offThreshold;
     addDevice(this);
   }
-
+ // _begin function called to perform dynamic initialisation of the device
-  // Static create function provides alternative way to create object
-  static void create(VPIN vpin, int trigPin, int echoPin, uint16_t onThreshold, uint16_t offThreshold) {
-    if (checkNoOverlap(vpin) && checkNoOverlap(trigPin) && checkNoOverlap(echoPin))
-        new HCSR04(vpin, trigPin, echoPin, onThreshold, offThreshold);
-  }
-
-protected:
-  // _begin function called to perform dynamic initialisation of the device
   void _begin() override {
     pinMode(_trigPin, OUTPUT);
     pinMode(_echoPin, INPUT);

IO_MCP23008.h

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ public:
     if (checkNoOverlap(firstVpin, nPins)) new MCP23008(firstVpin, nPins, I2CAddress, interruptPin);
   }
 
+private:
   // Constructor
   MCP23008(VPIN firstVpin, uint8_t nPins, uint8_t I2CAddress, int interruptPin=-1)
     : GPIOBase<uint8_t>((FSH *)F("MCP23008"), firstVpin, min(nPins, 8), I2CAddress, interruptPin) {
@@ -37,7 +38,6 @@ public:
     outputBuffer[0] = REG_GPIO;
   }
   
-private:
   void _writeGpioPort() override {
     I2CManager.write(_I2CAddress, 2, REG_GPIO, _portOutputState);
   }

IO_MCP23017.h

@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ public:
   static void create(VPIN vpin, int nPins, uint8_t I2CAddress, int interruptPin=-1) {
     if (checkNoOverlap(vpin, nPins)) new MCP23017(vpin, min(nPins,16), I2CAddress, interruptPin);
   }
-  
+
+private:  
   // Constructor
   MCP23017(VPIN vpin, int nPins, uint8_t I2CAddress, int interruptPin=-1) 
     : GPIOBase<uint16_t>((FSH *)F("MCP23017"), vpin, nPins, I2CAddress, interruptPin) 
@@ -42,8 +43,6 @@ public:
       outputBuffer, sizeof(outputBuffer));
     outputBuffer[0] = REG_GPIOA;
   }
-
-private:
   void _writeGpioPort() override {
     I2CManager.write(_I2CAddress, 3, REG_GPIOA, _portOutputState, _portOutputState>>8);
   }

IO_PCF8574.h

@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ public:
     if (checkNoOverlap(firstVpin, nPins)) new PCF8574(firstVpin, nPins, I2CAddress, interruptPin);
   }
 
+private:
   PCF8574(VPIN firstVpin, uint8_t nPins, uint8_t I2CAddress, int interruptPin=-1)
     : GPIOBase<uint8_t>((FSH *)F("PCF8574"), firstVpin, min(nPins, 8), I2CAddress, interruptPin) 
   {
     requestBlock.setReadParams(_I2CAddress, inputBuffer, 1);
   }
   
-private:
   // The pin state is '1' if the pin is an input or if it is an output set to 1.  Zero otherwise. 
   void _writeGpioPort() override {
     I2CManager.write(_I2CAddress, 1, _portOutputState | ~_portMode);

IO_VL53L0X.h

@@ -127,7 +127,13 @@ private:
   };
   const uint8_t VL53L0X_I2C_DEFAULT_ADDRESS=0x29;
 
-public:
+
+  public:
+  static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, uint8_t i2cAddress, uint16_t onThreshold, uint16_t offThreshold, VPIN xshutPin = VPIN_NONE) {
+     if (checkNoOverlap(firstVpin, nPins)) new VL53L0X(firstVpin, nPins, i2cAddress, onThreshold, offThreshold, xshutPin);
+  }
+
+protected:
   VL53L0X(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, uint8_t i2cAddress, uint16_t onThreshold, uint16_t offThreshold, VPIN xshutPin = VPIN_NONE) {
     _firstVpin = firstVpin;
     _nPins = min(nPins, 3);
@@ -138,11 +144,6 @@ public:
     _value = 0;
     addDevice(this);
   }
-  static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, uint8_t i2cAddress, uint16_t onThreshold, uint16_t offThreshold, VPIN xshutPin = VPIN_NONE) {
-     if (checkNoOverlap(firstVpin, nPins)) new VL53L0X(firstVpin, nPins, i2cAddress, onThreshold, offThreshold, xshutPin);
-  }
-
-protected:
   void _begin() override {
     if (_xshutPin == VPIN_NONE) {
       // Check if device is already responding on the nominated address.