/*
* © 2021, Neil McKechnie. All rights reserved.
*
* This file is part of DCC++EX API
*
* This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with CommandStation. If not, see .
*/
/*
* The VL53L0X Time-Of-Flight sensor operates by sending a short laser pulse and detecting
* the reflection of the pulse. The time between the pulse and the receipt of reflections
* is measured and used to determine the distance to the reflecting object.
*
* For economy of memory and processing time, this driver includes only part of the code
* that ST provide in their API. Also, the API code isn't very clear and it is not easy
* to identify what operations are useful and what are not.
* The operation shown here doesn't include any calibration, so is probably not as accurate
* as using the full driver, but it's probably accurate enough for the purpose.
*
* The device driver allocates up to 3 vpins to the device. A digital read on the first pin
* will return a value that indicates whether the object is within the threshold range (1)
* or not (0). An analogue read on the first pin returns the last measured distance (in mm),
* the second pin returns the signal strength, and the third pin returns detected
* ambient light level. By default the device takes around 60ms to complete a ranging
* operation, so we do a 100ms cycle (10 samples per second).
*
* The VL53L0X is initially set to respond to I2C address 0x29. If you only have one module,
* you can use this address. However, the address can be modified by software. If
* you select another address, that address will be written to the device and used until the device is reset.
*
* If you have more than one module, then you will need to specify a digital VPIN (Arduino
* digital output or I/O extender pin) which you connect to the module's XSHUT pin. Now,
* when the device driver starts, the XSHUT pin is set LOW to turn the module off. Once
* all VL53L0X modules are turned off, the driver works through each module in turn,
* setting XSHUT to HIGH to turn that module on, then writing that module's desired I2C address.
* In this way, many VL53L0X modules can be connected to the one I2C bus, each one
* using a distinct I2C address. The process is described in ST Microelectronics application
* note AN4846.
*
* WARNING: If the device's XSHUT pin is not connected, then it is very prone to noise,
* and the device may reset spontaneously or when handled and the device will stop responding
* on its allocated address. If you're not using XSHUT, then tie it to +5V via a resistor
* (should be tied to +2.8V strictly). Some manufacturers (Adafruit and Polulu for example)
* include a pull-up on the module, but others don't.
*
* The driver is configured as follows:
*
* Single VL53L0X module:
* VL53L0X::create(firstVpin, nPins, i2cAddress, lowThreshold, highThreshold);
* Where firstVpin is the first vpin reserved for reading the device,
* nPins is 1, 2 or 3,
* i2cAddress is the address of the device (normally 0x29),
* lowThreshold is the distance at which the digital vpin state is set to 1 (in mm),
* and highThreshold is the distance at which the digital vpin state is set to 0 (in mm).
*
* Multiple VL53L0X modules:
* VL53L0X::create(firstVpin, nPins, i2cAddress, lowThreshold, highThreshold, xshutPin);
* ...
* Where firstVpin is the first vpin reserved for reading the device,
* nPins is 1, 2 or 3,
* i2cAddress is the address of the device (any valid address except 0x29),
* lowThreshold is the distance at which the digital vpin state is set to 1 (in mm),
* highThreshold is the distance at which the digital vpin state is set to 0 (in mm),
* and xshutPin is the VPIN number corresponding to a digital output that is connected to the
* XSHUT terminal on the module. The digital output may be an Arduino pin or an
* I/O extender pin.
*
* Example:
* In mySetup function within mySetup.cpp:
* VL53L0X::create(4000, 3, 0x29, 200, 250);
* Sensor::create(4000, 4000, 0); // Create a sensor
*
* When an object comes within 200mm of the sensor, a message
*
* will be sent over the serial USB, and when the object moves more than 250mm from the sensor,
* a message
*
* will be sent.
*
*/
#ifndef IO_VL53L0X_h
#define IO_VL53L0X_h
#include "IODevice.h"
class VL53L0X : public IODevice {
private:
uint16_t _ambient;
uint16_t _distance;
uint16_t _signal;
uint16_t _onThreshold;
uint16_t _offThreshold;
VPIN _xshutPin;
bool _value;
uint8_t _nextState = STATE_INIT;
I2CRB _rb;
uint8_t _inBuffer[12];
uint8_t _outBuffer[2];
static bool _addressConfigInProgress;
// State machine states.
enum : uint8_t {
STATE_INIT = 0,
STATE_RESTARTMODULE = 1,
STATE_CONFIGUREADDRESS = 2,
STATE_SKIP = 3,
STATE_CONFIGUREDEVICE = 4,
STATE_INITIATESCAN = 5,
STATE_CHECKSTATUS = 6,
STATE_GETRESULTS = 7,
STATE_DECODERESULTS = 8,
STATE_FAILED = 9,
};
// Register addresses
enum : uint8_t {
VL53L0X_REG_SYSRANGE_START=0x00,
VL53L0X_REG_RESULT_INTERRUPT_STATUS=0x13,
VL53L0X_REG_RESULT_RANGE_STATUS=0x14,
VL53L0X_CONFIG_PAD_SCL_SDA__EXTSUP_HV=0x89,
VL53L0X_REG_I2C_SLAVE_DEVICE_ADDRESS=0x8A,
};
const uint8_t VL53L0X_I2C_DEFAULT_ADDRESS=0x29;
public:
static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, I2CAddress i2cAddress, uint16_t onThreshold, uint16_t offThreshold, VPIN xshutPin = VPIN_NONE) {
if (checkNoOverlap(firstVpin, nPins,i2cAddress)) new VL53L0X(firstVpin, nPins, i2cAddress, onThreshold, offThreshold, xshutPin);
}
protected:
VL53L0X(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, I2CAddress i2cAddress, uint16_t onThreshold, uint16_t offThreshold, VPIN xshutPin = VPIN_NONE) {
_firstVpin = firstVpin;
_nPins = (nPins > 3) ? 3 : nPins;
_I2CAddress = i2cAddress;
_onThreshold = onThreshold;
_offThreshold = offThreshold;
_xshutPin = xshutPin;
_value = 0;
addDevice(this);
}
void _begin() override {
// If there's only one device, then the XSHUT pin need not be connected. However,
// the device will not respond on its default address if it has
// already been changed. Therefore, we skip the address configuration if the
// desired address is already responding on the I2C bus.
if (_xshutPin == VPIN_NONE && I2CManager.exists(_I2CAddress)) {
// Device already present on this address, so skip the address initialisation.
_nextState = STATE_CONFIGUREDEVICE;
}
}
void _loop(unsigned long currentMicros) override {
uint8_t status;
switch (_nextState) {
case STATE_INIT:
// On first entry to loop, reset this module by pulling XSHUT low. Each module
// will be addressed in turn, until all are in the reset state.
// If no XSHUT pin is configured, then only one device is supported.
if (_xshutPin != VPIN_NONE) IODevice::write(_xshutPin, 0);
_nextState = STATE_RESTARTMODULE;
delayUntil(currentMicros+1000);
break;
case STATE_RESTARTMODULE:
// On second entry, set XSHUT pin high to allow this module to restart.
// On some modules, there is a diode in series with the XSHUT pin to
// protect the low-voltage pin against +5V, but we can provide additional
// protection by enabling the pull-up resistor on the microcontroller
// instead of driving the output directly.
// Ensure XSHUT is set for only one module at a time by using a
// shared flag accessible to all device instances.
if (_addressConfigInProgress) return;
_addressConfigInProgress = true;
// Set XSHUT pin (if connected). Because of supply voltage differences,
// drive the signal through the digital output's pull-up resistor.
if (_xshutPin != VPIN_NONE) IODevice::configureInput(_xshutPin, 1);
// Allow the module time to restart
delayUntil(currentMicros+10000);
_nextState = STATE_CONFIGUREADDRESS;
break;
case STATE_CONFIGUREADDRESS:
// Then write the desired I2C address to the device, while this is the only
// module responding to the default address.
{
#if defined(I2C_EXTENDED_ADDRESS)
// Add subbus reference for desired address to the device default address.
I2CAddress defaultAddress = {_I2CAddress, VL53L0X_I2C_DEFAULT_ADDRESS};
I2CManager.write(defaultAddress, 2, VL53L0X_REG_I2C_SLAVE_DEVICE_ADDRESS, _I2CAddress.deviceAddress());
#else
I2CManager.write(VL53L0X_I2C_DEFAULT_ADDRESS, 2, VL53L0X_REG_I2C_SLAVE_DEVICE_ADDRESS, _I2CAddress);
#endif
}
_addressConfigInProgress = false;
_nextState = STATE_SKIP;
break;
case STATE_SKIP:
// Do nothing on the third entry.
_nextState = STATE_CONFIGUREDEVICE;
break;
case STATE_CONFIGUREDEVICE:
// On next entry, check if device address has been set.
if (I2CManager.exists(_I2CAddress)) {
#ifdef DIAG_IO
_display();
#endif
// Set 2.8V mode
write_reg(VL53L0X_CONFIG_PAD_SCL_SDA__EXTSUP_HV,
read_reg(VL53L0X_CONFIG_PAD_SCL_SDA__EXTSUP_HV) | 0x01);
_nextState = STATE_INITIATESCAN;
} else {
DIAG(F("VL53L0X I2C:x%x device not responding"), (int)_I2CAddress);
_deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
_nextState = STATE_FAILED;
}
break;
case STATE_INITIATESCAN:
// Not scanning, so initiate a scan
_outBuffer[0] = VL53L0X_REG_SYSRANGE_START;
_outBuffer[1] = 0x01;
I2CManager.write(_I2CAddress, _outBuffer, 2, &_rb);
_nextState = STATE_CHECKSTATUS;
break;
case STATE_CHECKSTATUS:
status = _rb.status;
if (status == I2C_STATUS_PENDING) return; // try next time
if (status != I2C_STATUS_OK) {
reportError(status);
_nextState = STATE_FAILED;
} else
_nextState = STATE_GETRESULTS;
delayUntil(currentMicros + 95000); // wait for 95 ms before checking.
break;
case STATE_GETRESULTS:
// Ranging completed. Request results
_outBuffer[0] = VL53L0X_REG_RESULT_RANGE_STATUS;
I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, _inBuffer, 12, _outBuffer, 1, &_rb);
_nextState = 3;
delayUntil(currentMicros + 5000); // Allow 5ms to get data
_nextState = STATE_DECODERESULTS;
break;
case STATE_DECODERESULTS:
// If I2C write still busy, return.
status = _rb.status;
if (status == I2C_STATUS_PENDING) return; // try again next time
if (status == I2C_STATUS_OK) {
if (!(_inBuffer[0] & 1)) return; // device still busy
uint8_t deviceRangeStatus = ((_inBuffer[0] & 0x78) >> 3);
if (deviceRangeStatus == 0x0b) {
// Range status OK, so use data
_ambient = makeuint16(_inBuffer[7], _inBuffer[6]);
_signal = makeuint16(_inBuffer[9], _inBuffer[8]);
_distance = makeuint16(_inBuffer[11], _inBuffer[10]);
if (_distance <= _onThreshold)
_value = true;
else if (_distance > _offThreshold)
_value = false;
}
// Completed. Restart scan on next loop entry.
_nextState = STATE_INITIATESCAN;
} else {
reportError(status);
_nextState = STATE_FAILED;
}
break;
case STATE_FAILED:
// Do nothing.
delayUntil(currentMicros+1000000UL);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
// Function to report a failed I2C operation. Put the device off-line.
void reportError(uint8_t status) {
DIAG(F("VL53L0X I2C:x%x Error:%d %S"), (int)_I2CAddress, status, I2CManager.getErrorMessage(status));
_deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
_value = false;
}
// For analogue read, first pin returns distance, second pin is signal strength, and third is ambient level.
int _readAnalogue(VPIN vpin) override {
int pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
switch (pin) {
case 0:
return _distance;
case 1:
return _signal;
case 2:
return _ambient;
default:
return -1;
}
}
// For digital read, return zero for all but first pin.
int _read(VPIN vpin) override {
if (vpin == _firstVpin)
return _value;
else
return 0;
}
void _display() override {
DIAG(F("VL53L0X I2C:x%x Configured on Vpins:%d-%d On:%dmm Off:%dmm %S"),
(int)_I2CAddress, _firstVpin, _firstVpin+_nPins-1, _onThreshold, _offThreshold,
(_deviceState==DEVSTATE_FAILED) ? F("OFFLINE") : F(""));
}
private:
inline uint16_t makeuint16(byte lsb, byte msb) {
return (((uint16_t)msb) << 8) | lsb;
}
uint8_t write_reg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t data) {
// write byte to register
uint8_t outBuffer[2];
outBuffer[0] = reg;
outBuffer[1] = data;
return I2CManager.write(_I2CAddress, outBuffer, 2);
}
uint8_t read_reg(uint8_t reg) {
// read byte from register and return value
I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, _inBuffer, 1, ®, 1);
return _inBuffer[0];
}
};
bool VL53L0X::_addressConfigInProgress = false;
#endif // IO_VL53L0X_h