Merge branch 'devel-stm32EC' into devel-dcfreq-temp0121

CommandStation-EX.ino

@@ -76,6 +76,12 @@ void setup()
 
   DIAG(F("License GPLv3 fsf.org (c) dcc-ex.com"));
 
+// If user has defined a startup delay, delay here before starting IO
+#if defined(STARTUP_DELAY)
+  DIAG(F("Delaying startup for %dms"), STARTUP_DELAY);
+  delay(STARTUP_DELAY);
+#endif
+
 // Initialise HAL layer before reading EEprom or setting up MotorDrivers 
   IODevice::begin();
 

DCCEX.h

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
 #include "CommandDistributor.h"
 #include "TrackManager.h"
 #include "DCCTimer.h"    
+#include "KeywordHasher.h"
 #include "EXRAIL.h"
     
 #endif

DCCEXParser.cpp

@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ Once a new OPCODE is decided upon, update this list.
 #include "EXRAIL2.h"
 #include "Turntables.h"
 #include "version.h"
+#include "KeywordHasher.h"
 
 // This macro can't be created easily as a portable function because the
 // flashlist requires a far pointer for high flash access. 
@@ -126,57 +127,6 @@ Once a new OPCODE is decided upon, update this list.
         StringFormatter::send(stream,F(" %d"),value);	\
     }                                   
 
-
-// These keywords are used in the <1> command. The number is what you get if you use the keyword as a parameter.
-// To discover new keyword numbers , use the <$ YOURKEYWORD> command
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_MAIN = 11339;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_CABS = -11981;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_RAM = 25982;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_CMD = 9962;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_ACK = 3113;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_ON = 2657;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_DCC = 6436;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_SLOW = -17209;
-#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_JOIN = -30750;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_PROG = -29718;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_PROGBOOST = -6353;
-#endif
-#ifndef DISABLE_EEPROM
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_EEPROM = -7168;
-#endif
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_LIMIT = 27413;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_MAX = 16244;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_MIN = 15978;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_RESET = 26133;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_RETRY = 25704;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_SPEED28 = -17064;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_SPEED128 = 25816;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_SERVO=27709;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_TT=2688;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_VPIN=-415;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_A='A';
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_C='C';
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_G='G';
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_H='H';
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_I='I';
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_M='M';
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_O='O';
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_P='P';
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_R='R';
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_T='T';
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_X='X';
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_LCN = 15137;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_HAL = 10853;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_SHOW = -21309;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_ANIN = -10424;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_ANOUT = -26399;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_WIFI = -5583;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_ETHERNET = -30767;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_WIT = 31594;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_EXTT = 8573;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_ADD = 3201;
-
 int16_t DCCEXParser::stashP[MAX_COMMAND_PARAMS];
 bool DCCEXParser::stashBusy;
 Print *DCCEXParser::stashStream = NULL;
@@ -567,20 +517,20 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
 	    TrackManager::setTrackPower(TRACK_MODE_ALL, POWERMODE::ON);
 	  }
 	  if (params==1) {
-	    if (p[0]==HASH_KEYWORD_MAIN) { // <1 MAIN>
+	    if (p[0]=="MAIN"_hk) { // <1 MAIN>
 	      TrackManager::setTrackPower(TRACK_MODE_MAIN, POWERMODE::ON);
             }
 #ifndef DISABLE_PROG
-            else if (p[0] == HASH_KEYWORD_JOIN) {  // <1 JOIN>
+            else if (p[0] == "JOIN"_hk) {  // <1 JOIN>
 	      TrackManager::setJoin(true);
 	      TrackManager::setTrackPower(TRACK_MODE_MAIN|TRACK_MODE_PROG, POWERMODE::ON);
             }
-            else if (p[0]==HASH_KEYWORD_PROG) { // <1 PROG>
+            else if (p[0]=="PROG"_hk) { // <1 PROG>
 	      TrackManager::setJoin(false);
 	      TrackManager::setTrackPower(TRACK_MODE_PROG, POWERMODE::ON);
             }
 #endif
-            else if (p[0] >= HASH_KEYWORD_A && p[0] <= HASH_KEYWORD_H) { // <1 A-H>
+            else if (p[0] >= "A"_hk && p[0] <= "H"_hk) { // <1 A-H>
 	      byte t = (p[0] - 'A');
 	      TrackManager::setTrackPower(POWERMODE::ON, t);
 	      //StringFormatter::send(stream, F("<p1 %c>\n"), t+'A');
@@ -600,17 +550,17 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
 	    TrackManager::setTrackPower(TRACK_MODE_ALL, POWERMODE::OFF);
 	  }
 	  if (params==1) {
-	    if (p[0]==HASH_KEYWORD_MAIN) { // <0 MAIN>
+	    if (p[0]=="MAIN"_hk) { // <0 MAIN>
 	      TrackManager::setJoin(false);
 	      TrackManager::setTrackPower(TRACK_MODE_MAIN, POWERMODE::OFF);
 	    }
 #ifndef DISABLE_PROG
-            else if (p[0]==HASH_KEYWORD_PROG) { // <0 PROG>
+            else if (p[0]=="PROG"_hk) { // <0 PROG>
 	      TrackManager::progTrackBoosted=false;  // Prog track boost mode will not outlive prog track off
 	      TrackManager::setTrackPower(TRACK_MODE_PROG, POWERMODE::OFF);
             }
 #endif
-	    else if (p[0] >= HASH_KEYWORD_A && p[0] <= HASH_KEYWORD_H) { // <1 A-H>
+	    else if (p[0] >= "A"_hk && p[0] <= "H"_hk) { // <1 A-H>
 	      byte t = (p[0] - 'A');
 	      TrackManager::setJoin(false);
 	      TrackManager::setTrackPower(POWERMODE::OFF, t);
@@ -705,7 +655,7 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
             //if ((params<1) | (params>2)) break; // <J>
             int16_t id=(params==2)?p[1]:0;
             switch(p[0]) {
-                case HASH_KEYWORD_C: // <JC mmmm nn> sets time and speed
+                case "C"_hk: // <JC mmmm nn> sets time and speed
                     if (params==1) { // <JC> returns latest time
                         int16_t x = CommandDistributor::retClockTime();
                         StringFormatter::send(stream, F("<jC %d>\n"), x);
@@ -714,28 +664,28 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
                     CommandDistributor::setClockTime(p[1], p[2], 1);
                     return;
                 
-                case HASH_KEYWORD_G: // <JG> current gauge limits
+                case "G"_hk: // <JG> current gauge limits
                     if (params>1) break;
                     TrackManager::reportGauges(stream);   // <g limit...limit>     
                     return;
                 
-                case HASH_KEYWORD_I: // <JI> current values
+                case "I"_hk: // <JI> current values
                     if (params>1) break;
                     TrackManager::reportCurrent(stream);   // <g limit...limit>     
                     return;
 
-                case HASH_KEYWORD_A: // <JA> intercepted by EXRAIL// <JA> returns automations/routes
+                case "A"_hk: // <JA> intercepted by EXRAIL// <JA> returns automations/routes
                     if (params!=1) break; // <JA>
                     StringFormatter::send(stream, F("<jA>\n"));
                     return;
  
-                case HASH_KEYWORD_M: // <JM> intercepted by EXRAIL
+                case "M"_hk: // <JM> intercepted by EXRAIL
                     if (params>1) break; // invalid cant do
                     // <JM> requests stash size so say none.
                     StringFormatter::send(stream,F("<jM 0>\n")); 
                     return;
  
-            case HASH_KEYWORD_R: // <JR> returns rosters 
+            case "R"_hk: // <JR> returns rosters 
                 StringFormatter::send(stream, F("<jR"));
 #ifdef EXRAIL_ACTIVE
                 if (params==1) {
@@ -754,7 +704,7 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
 #endif          
                 StringFormatter::send(stream, F(">\n"));      
                 return; 
-            case HASH_KEYWORD_T: // <JT> returns turnout list 
+            case "T"_hk: // <JT> returns turnout list 
                 StringFormatter::send(stream, F("<jT"));
                 if (params==1) { // <JT>
                     for ( Turnout * t=Turnout::first(); t; t=t->next()) { 
@@ -781,7 +731,7 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
                 return;
 // No turntables without HAL support
 #ifndef IO_NO_HAL
-            case HASH_KEYWORD_O: // <JO returns turntable list
+            case "O"_hk: // <JO returns turntable list
                 StringFormatter::send(stream, F("<jO"));
                 if (params==1) { // <JO>
                     for (Turntable * tto=Turntable::first(); tto; tto=tto->next()) { 
@@ -806,7 +756,7 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
                     }
                 }
                 return;
-            case HASH_KEYWORD_P: // <JP id> returns turntable position list for the turntable id
+            case "P"_hk: // <JP id> returns turntable position list for the turntable id
                 if (params==2) { // <JP id>
                     Turntable *tto=Turntable::get(id);
                     if (!tto || tto->isHidden()) {
@@ -973,14 +923,14 @@ bool DCCEXParser::parseT(Print *stream, int16_t params, int16_t p[])
           switch (p[1]) {
             // Turnout messages use 1=throw, 0=close.
             case 0:
-            case HASH_KEYWORD_C:
+            case "C"_hk:
               state = true;
               break;
             case 1:
-            case HASH_KEYWORD_T:
+            case "T"_hk:
               state= false;
               break;
-            case HASH_KEYWORD_X:
+            case "X"_hk:
 	    {
               Turnout *tt = Turnout::get(p[0]);
               if (tt) {
@@ -997,14 +947,14 @@ bool DCCEXParser::parseT(Print *stream, int16_t params, int16_t p[])
         }
 
     default: // Anything else is some kind of turnout create function.
-      if (params == 6 && p[1] == HASH_KEYWORD_SERVO) { // <T id SERVO n n n n>
+      if (params == 6 && p[1] == "SERVO"_hk) { // <T id SERVO n n n n>
         if (!ServoTurnout::create(p[0], (VPIN)p[2], (uint16_t)p[3], (uint16_t)p[4], (uint8_t)p[5]))
           return false;
       } else 
-      if (params == 3 && p[1] == HASH_KEYWORD_VPIN) { // <T id VPIN n>
+      if (params == 3 && p[1] == "VPIN"_hk) { // <T id VPIN n>
         if (!VpinTurnout::create(p[0], p[2])) return false;
       } else 
-      if (params >= 3 && p[1] == HASH_KEYWORD_DCC) {
+      if (params >= 3 && p[1] == "DCC"_hk) {
         // <T id DCC addr subadd>   0<=addr<=511, 0<=subadd<=3 (like <a> command).<T>
         if (params==4 && p[2]>=0 && p[2]<512 && p[3]>=0 && p[3]<4) { // <T id DCC n m>
           if (!DCCTurnout::create(p[0], p[2], p[3])) return false;
@@ -1070,41 +1020,41 @@ bool DCCEXParser::parseC(Print *stream, int16_t params, int16_t p[]) {
     switch (p[0])
     {
 #ifndef DISABLE_PROG
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_PROGBOOST:
+    case "PROGBOOST"_hk:
         TrackManager::progTrackBoosted=true;
 	    return true;
 #endif
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_RESET:
+    case "RESET"_hk:
         DCCTimer::reset();
         break; // and <X> if we didnt restart
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_SPEED28:
+    case "SPEED28"_hk:
         DCC::setGlobalSpeedsteps(28);
 	DIAG(F("28 Speedsteps"));
         return true;
 
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_SPEED128:
+    case "SPEED128"_hk:
         DCC::setGlobalSpeedsteps(128);
 	DIAG(F("128 Speedsteps"));
         return true;
 
 #ifndef DISABLE_PROG
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_ACK: // <D ACK ON/OFF> <D ACK [LIMIT|MIN|MAX|RETRY] Value>
+    case "ACK"_hk: // <D ACK ON/OFF> <D ACK [LIMIT|MIN|MAX|RETRY] Value>
 	if (params >= 3) {
-	    if (p[1] == HASH_KEYWORD_LIMIT) {
+	    if (p[1] == "LIMIT"_hk) {
 	      DCCACK::setAckLimit(p[2]);
 	      LCD(1, F("Ack Limit=%dmA"), p[2]);  // <D ACK LIMIT 42>
-	    } else if (p[1] == HASH_KEYWORD_MIN) {
+	    } else if (p[1] == "MIN"_hk) {
 	      DCCACK::setMinAckPulseDuration(p[2]);
 	      LCD(0, F("Ack Min=%uus"), p[2]);  //   <D ACK MIN 1500>
-	    } else if (p[1] == HASH_KEYWORD_MAX) {
+	    } else if (p[1] == "MAX"_hk) {
 	      DCCACK::setMaxAckPulseDuration(p[2]);
 	      LCD(0, F("Ack Max=%uus"), p[2]);  //   <D ACK MAX 9000>
-	    } else if (p[1] == HASH_KEYWORD_RETRY) {
+	    } else if (p[1] == "RETRY"_hk) {
 	      if (p[2] >255) p[2]=3;
 	      LCD(0, F("Ack Retry=%d Sum=%d"), p[2], DCCACK::setAckRetry(p[2]));  //   <D ACK RETRY 2>
 	    }
 	} else {
-      bool onOff = (params > 0) && (p[1] == 1 || p[1] == HASH_KEYWORD_ON); // dont care if other stuff or missing... just means off
+      bool onOff = (params > 0) && (p[1] == 1 || p[1] == "ON"_hk); // dont care if other stuff or missing... just means off
     
 	  DIAG(F("Ack diag %S"), onOff ? F("on") : F("off"));
 	  Diag::ACK = onOff;
@@ -1122,66 +1072,66 @@ bool DCCEXParser::parseD(Print *stream, int16_t params, int16_t p[])
 {
     if (params == 0)
         return false;
-    bool onOff = (params > 0) && (p[1] == 1 || p[1] == HASH_KEYWORD_ON); // dont care if other stuff or missing... just means off
+    bool onOff = (params > 0) && (p[1] == 1 || p[1] == "ON"_hk); // dont care if other stuff or missing... just means off
     switch (p[0])
     {
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_CABS: // <D CABS>
+    case "CABS"_hk: // <D CABS>
         DCC::displayCabList(stream);
         return true;
 
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_RAM: // <D RAM>
+    case "RAM"_hk: // <D RAM>
         DIAG(F("Free memory=%d"), DCCTimer::getMinimumFreeMemory());
         return true;
 
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_CMD: // <D CMD ON/OFF>
+    case "CMD"_hk: // <D CMD ON/OFF>
         Diag::CMD = onOff;
         return true;
 
 #ifdef HAS_ENOUGH_MEMORY
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_WIFI: // <D WIFI ON/OFF>
+    case "WIFI"_hk: // <D WIFI ON/OFF>
         Diag::WIFI = onOff;
         return true;
 
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_ETHERNET: // <D ETHERNET ON/OFF>
+    case "ETHERNET"_hk: // <D ETHERNET ON/OFF>
         Diag::ETHERNET = onOff;
         return true;
 
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_WIT: // <D WIT ON/OFF>
+    case "WIT"_hk: // <D WIT ON/OFF>
         Diag::WITHROTTLE = onOff;
         return true;
 
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_LCN: // <D LCN ON/OFF>
+    case "LCN"_hk: // <D LCN ON/OFF>
         Diag::LCN = onOff;
         return true;
 #endif
 #ifndef DISABLE_EEPROM
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_EEPROM: // <D EEPROM NumEntries>
+    case "EEPROM"_hk: // <D EEPROM NumEntries>
 	if (params >= 2)
 	    EEStore::dump(p[1]);
 	return true;
 #endif
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_SERVO:  // <D SERVO vpin position [profile]>
+    case "SERVO"_hk:  // <D SERVO vpin position [profile]>
 
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_ANOUT:  // <D ANOUT vpin position [profile]>
+    case "ANOUT"_hk:  // <D ANOUT vpin position [profile]>
         IODevice::writeAnalogue(p[1], p[2], params>3 ? p[3] : 0);
-        break;
+        return true;
 
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_ANIN:   // <D ANIN vpin>  Display analogue input value
+    case "ANIN"_hk:   // <D ANIN vpin>  Display analogue input value
         DIAG(F("VPIN=%u value=%d"), p[1], IODevice::readAnalogue(p[1]));
-        break;
+        return true;
 
 #if !defined(IO_NO_HAL)
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_HAL: 
+    case "HAL"_hk: 
-        if (p[1] == HASH_KEYWORD_SHOW) 
+        if (p[1] == "SHOW"_hk) 
           IODevice::DumpAll();
-        else if (p[1] == HASH_KEYWORD_RESET)
+        else if (p[1] == "RESET"_hk)
           IODevice::reset();
-        break;
+        return true;
 #endif
 
-    case HASH_KEYWORD_TT:     // <D TT vpin steps activity>
+    case "TT"_hk:     // <D TT vpin steps activity>
         IODevice::writeAnalogue(p[1], p[2], params>3 ? p[3] : 0);
-        break;
+        return true;
 
     default: // invalid/unknown
         return parseC(stream, params, p);
@@ -1233,7 +1183,7 @@ bool DCCEXParser::parseI(Print *stream, int16_t params, int16_t p[])
     case 3: // <I id position activity> | <I id DCC home> - rotate to position for EX-Turntable or create DCC turntable
         {
             Turntable *tto = Turntable::get(p[0]);
-            if (p[1] == HASH_KEYWORD_DCC) {
+            if (p[1] == "DCC"_hk) {
                 if (tto || p[2] < 0 || p[2] > 3600) return false;
                 if (!DCCTurntable::create(p[0])) return false;
                 Turntable *tto = Turntable::get(p[0]);
@@ -1250,7 +1200,7 @@ bool DCCEXParser::parseI(Print *stream, int16_t params, int16_t p[])
     case 4: // <I id EXTT vpin home> create an EXTT turntable
         {
             Turntable *tto = Turntable::get(p[0]);
-            if (p[1] == HASH_KEYWORD_EXTT) {
+            if (p[1] == "EXTT"_hk) {
                 if (tto || p[3] < 0 || p[3] > 3600) return false;
                 if (!EXTTTurntable::create(p[0], (VPIN)p[2])) return false;
                 Turntable *tto = Turntable::get(p[0]);
@@ -1265,7 +1215,7 @@ bool DCCEXParser::parseI(Print *stream, int16_t params, int16_t p[])
     case 5: // <I id ADD position value angle> add a position
         {
             Turntable *tto = Turntable::get(p[0]);
-            if (p[1] == HASH_KEYWORD_ADD) {
+            if (p[1] == "ADD"_hk) {
                 // tto must exist, no more than 48 positions, angle 0 - 3600
                 if (!tto || p[2] > 48 || p[4] < 0 || p[4] > 3600) return false;
                 tto->addPosition(p[2], p[3], p[4]);

DCCRMT.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *  © 2021-2022, Harald Barth.
+ *  © 2021-2024, Harald Barth.
  *  
  *  This file is part of DCC-EX
  *
@@ -25,6 +25,18 @@
 #include "DCCWaveform.h" // for MAX_PACKET_SIZE
 #include "soc/gpio_sig_map.h"
 
+// check for right type of ESP32
+#include "soc/soc_caps.h"
+#ifndef SOC_RMT_MEM_WORDS_PER_CHANNEL
+#error This symobol should be defined
+#endif
+#if SOC_RMT_MEM_WORDS_PER_CHANNEL < 64
+#warning This is not an ESP32-WROOM but some other unsupported variant
+#warning You are outside of the DCC-EX supported hardware
+#endif
+
+static const byte RMT_CHAN_PER_DCC_CHAN = 2;
+
 // Number of bits resulting out of X bytes of DCC payload data
 // Each byte has one bit extra and at the end we have one EOF marker
 #define DATA_LEN(X) ((X)*9+1)
@@ -75,12 +87,30 @@ void IRAM_ATTR interrupt(rmt_channel_t channel, void *t) {
 RMTChannel::RMTChannel(pinpair pins, bool isMain) {
   byte ch;
   byte plen;
+
+  // Below we check if the DCC packet actually fits into the RMT hardware
+  // Currently MAX_PACKET_SIZE = 5 so with checksum there are
+  // MAX_PACKET_SIZE+1 data packets. Each need DATA_LEN (9) bits.
+  // To that we add the preamble length, the fencepost DCC end bit
+  // and the RMT EOF marker.
+  // SOC_RMT_MEM_WORDS_PER_CHANNEL is either 64 (original WROOM) or
+  // 48 (all other ESP32 like the -C3 or -S2
+  // The formula to get the possible MAX_PACKET_SIZE is
+  //
+  // ALLOCATED = RMT_CHAN_PER_DCC_CHAN * SOC_RMT_MEM_WORDS_PER_CHANNEL
+  // MAX_PACKET_SIZE = floor((ALLOCATED - PREAMBLE_LEN - 2)/9 - 1)
+  //
+
   if (isMain) {
     ch = 0;
     plen = PREAMBLE_BITS_MAIN;
+    static_assert (DATA_LEN(MAX_PACKET_SIZE+1) + PREAMBLE_BITS_MAIN + 2 <= RMT_CHAN_PER_DCC_CHAN * SOC_RMT_MEM_WORDS_PER_CHANNEL,
+		  "Number of DCC packet bits greater than ESP32 RMT memory available");
   } else {
-    ch = 2;
+    ch = RMT_CHAN_PER_DCC_CHAN; // number == offset
     plen = PREAMBLE_BITS_PROG;
+    static_assert (DATA_LEN(MAX_PACKET_SIZE+1) + PREAMBLE_BITS_PROG + 2 <= RMT_CHAN_PER_DCC_CHAN * SOC_RMT_MEM_WORDS_PER_CHANNEL,
+		   "Number of DCC packet bits greater than ESP32 RMT memory available");
   }
     
   // preamble
@@ -123,20 +153,10 @@ RMTChannel::RMTChannel(pinpair pins, bool isMain) {
   config.channel = channel = (rmt_channel_t)ch;
   config.clk_div = RMT_CLOCK_DIVIDER;
   config.gpio_num = (gpio_num_t)pins.pin;
-  config.mem_block_num = 2; // With longest DCC packet 11 inc checksum (future expansion)
+  config.mem_block_num = RMT_CHAN_PER_DCC_CHAN;
-                            // number of bits needed is 22preamble + start +
+  // use config
-                            // 11*9 + extrazero + EOT = 124
-                            // 2 mem block of 64 RMT items should be enough
-
   ESP_ERROR_CHECK(rmt_config(&config));
   addPin(pins.invpin, true);
-  /*
-  // test: config another gpio pin
-  gpio_num_t gpioNum = (gpio_num_t)(pin-1);
-  PIN_FUNC_SELECT(GPIO_PIN_MUX_REG[gpioNum], PIN_FUNC_GPIO);
-  gpio_set_direction(gpioNum, GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT);
-  gpio_matrix_out(gpioNum, RMT_SIG_OUT0_IDX, 0, 0);
-  */
   
   // NOTE: ESP_INTR_FLAG_IRAM is *NOT* included in this bitmask
   ESP_ERROR_CHECK(rmt_driver_install(config.channel, 0, ESP_INTR_FLAG_LOWMED|ESP_INTR_FLAG_SHARED));

DCCTimerSTM32.cpp

@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ HardwareSerial Serial5(PD2, PC12);  // Rx=PD2, Tx=PC12 -- UART5 - F446RE
       defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F429ZI) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F439ZI)
 // Nucleo-144 boards don't have Serial1 defined by default
 HardwareSerial Serial6(PG9, PG14);  // Rx=PG9, Tx=PG14 -- USART6
-HardwareSerial Serial5(PD2, PC12);  // Rx=PD2, Tx=PC12 -- UART5
+HardwareSerial Serial2(PD6, PD5);  // Rx=PD6, Tx=PD5 -- UART2
-#if !defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F412ZG)
+#if !defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F412ZG)  // F412ZG does not have UART5
-  HardwareSerial Serial2(PD6, PD5);  // Rx=PD6, Tx=PD5 -- UART5
+  HardwareSerial Serial5(PD2, PC12);  // Rx=PD2, Tx=PC12 -- UART5
 #endif  
 // Serial3 is defined to use USART3 by default, but is in fact used as the diag console
 // via the debugger on the Nucleo-144. It is therefore unavailable for other DCC-EX uses like WiFi, DFPlayer, etc.

DCCWaveform.h

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  *  © 2021 M Steve Todd
  *  © 2021 Mike S
  *  © 2021 Fred Decker
- *  © 2020-2021 Harald Barth
+ *  © 2020-2024 Harald Barth
  *  © 2020-2021 Chris Harlow
  *  All rights reserved.
  *  
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 
 
 // Number of preamble bits.
-const int   PREAMBLE_BITS_MAIN = 16;
+const byte PREAMBLE_BITS_MAIN = 16;
-const int   PREAMBLE_BITS_PROG = 22;
+const byte PREAMBLE_BITS_PROG = 22;
 const byte MAX_PACKET_SIZE = 5;     // NMRA standard extended packets, payload size WITHOUT checksum.
 
 

EXRAIL2.cpp

@@ -334,12 +334,14 @@ if (compileFeatures & FEATURE_SIGNAL) {
 
 void RMFT2::setTurnoutHiddenState(Turnout * t) {
   // turnout descriptions are in low flash F strings
-  t->setHidden(GETFLASH(getTurnoutDescription(t->getId()))==0x01);     
+  const FSH *desc = getTurnoutDescription(t->getId());
+  if (desc) t->setHidden(GETFLASH(desc)==0x01);
 }
 
 #ifndef IO_NO_HAL
 void RMFT2::setTurntableHiddenState(Turntable * tto) {
-  tto->setHidden(GETFLASH(getTurntableDescription(tto->getId()))==0x01);
+  const FSH *desc = getTurntableDescription(tto->getId());
+  if (desc) tto->setHidden(GETFLASH(desc)==0x01);
 }
 #endif
 

EXRAIL2MacroReset.h

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 #undef FWD 
 #undef GREEN
 #undef HAL
+#undef HAL_IGNORE_DEFAULTS
 #undef IF 
 #undef IFAMBER
 #undef IFCLOSED
@@ -219,6 +220,7 @@
 #define FWD(speed) 
 #define GREEN(signal_id)
 #define HAL(haltype,params...)
+#define HAL_IGNORE_DEFAULTS
 #define IF(sensor_id) 
 #define IFAMBER(signal_id)
 #define IFCLOSED(turnout_id) 

EXRAIL2Parser.cpp

@@ -28,25 +28,7 @@
 #include "defines.h"
 #include "EXRAIL2.h"
 #include "DCC.h"
-// Command parsing keywords
+#include "KeywordHasher.h"
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_EXRAIL=15435;    
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_ON = 2657;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_START=23232;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_RESERVE=11392;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_FREE=-23052;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_LATCH=1618;  
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_UNLATCH=1353;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_PAUSE=-4142;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_RESUME=27609;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_KILL=5218;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_ALL=3457;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_ROUTES=-3702;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_RED=26099;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_AMBER=18713;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_GREEN=-31493;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_A='A';   
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_M='M';
-
 
 // This filter intercepts <> commands to do the following:
 // - Implement RMFT specific commands/diagnostics
@@ -58,8 +40,8 @@ void RMFT2::ComandFilter(Print * stream, byte & opcode, byte & paramCount, int16
   switch(opcode) {
     
   case 'D':
-    if (p[0]==HASH_KEYWORD_EXRAIL) { // <D EXRAIL ON/OFF>
+    if (p[0]=="EXRAIL"_hk) { // <D EXRAIL ON/OFF>
-      diag = paramCount==2 && (p[1]==HASH_KEYWORD_ON || p[1]==1);
+      diag = paramCount==2 && (p[1]=="ON"_hk || p[1]==1);
       opcode=0;
     }
     break;
@@ -125,7 +107,7 @@ void RMFT2::ComandFilter(Print * stream, byte & opcode, byte & paramCount, int16
     case 'J':  // throttle info commands
         if (paramCount<1) return; 
         switch(p[0]) {
-          case HASH_KEYWORD_A: // <JA> returns automations/routes
+          case "A"_hk: // <JA> returns automations/routes
             if (paramCount==1) {// <JA>
               StringFormatter::send(stream, F("<jA"));
               routeLookup->stream(stream);
@@ -134,7 +116,7 @@ void RMFT2::ComandFilter(Print * stream, byte & opcode, byte & paramCount, int16
               return; 
             }
             if (paramCount==2) {  // <JA id>
-              uint16_t id=p[1]; 
+              int16_t id=p[1];
               StringFormatter::send(stream,F("<jA %d %c \"%S\">\n"), 
                 id, getRouteType(id), getRouteDescription(id));
               
@@ -152,7 +134,7 @@ void RMFT2::ComandFilter(Print * stream, byte & opcode, byte & paramCount, int16
               return;
             }
             break;
-        case HASH_KEYWORD_M:
+        case "M"_hk:
             // NOTE: we only need to handle valid calls here because 
             // DCCEXParser has to have code to handle the <J<> cases where
             // exrail isnt involved anyway. 
@@ -236,13 +218,13 @@ bool RMFT2::parseSlash(Print * stream, byte & paramCount, int16_t p[]) {
     return true;
   }
   switch (p[0]) {
-  case HASH_KEYWORD_PAUSE: // </ PAUSE>
+  case "PAUSE"_hk: // </ PAUSE>
     if (paramCount!=1) return false;
     DCC::setThrottle(0,1,true);  // pause all locos on the track
     pausingTask=(RMFT2 *)1; // Impossible task address
     return true;
     
-  case HASH_KEYWORD_RESUME: // </ RESUME>
+  case "RESUME"_hk: // </ RESUME>
     if (paramCount!=1) return false;
     pausingTask=NULL;
     {
@@ -256,7 +238,7 @@ bool RMFT2::parseSlash(Print * stream, byte & paramCount, int16_t p[]) {
     return true;
     
     
-  case HASH_KEYWORD_START: // </ START [cab] route >
+  case "START"_hk: // </ START [cab] route >
     if (paramCount<2 || paramCount>3) return false;
     {
       int route=(paramCount==2) ? p[1] : p[2];
@@ -273,7 +255,7 @@ bool RMFT2::parseSlash(Print * stream, byte & paramCount, int16_t p[]) {
   }
 
   // check KILL ALL here, otherwise the next validation confuses ALL with a flag  
-  if (p[0]==HASH_KEYWORD_KILL && p[1]==HASH_KEYWORD_ALL) {
+  if (p[0]=="KILL"_hk && p[1]=="ALL"_hk) {
     while (loopTask) loopTask->kill(F("KILL ALL")); // destructor changes loopTask
     return true;   
   }
@@ -282,7 +264,7 @@ bool RMFT2::parseSlash(Print * stream, byte & paramCount, int16_t p[]) {
   if (paramCount!=2 ) return false;
   
   switch (p[0]) {
-  case HASH_KEYWORD_KILL: // Kill taskid|ALL
+  case "KILL"_hk: // Kill taskid|ALL
     {
     if ( p[1]<0  || p[1]>=MAX_FLAGS) return false;
     RMFT2 * task=loopTask;
@@ -297,27 +279,27 @@ bool RMFT2::parseSlash(Print * stream, byte & paramCount, int16_t p[]) {
     }
     return false;
     
-  case HASH_KEYWORD_RESERVE:  // force reserve a section
+  case "RESERVE"_hk:  // force reserve a section
     return setFlag(p[1],SECTION_FLAG);
     
-  case HASH_KEYWORD_FREE:  // force free a section
+  case "FREE"_hk:  // force free a section
     return setFlag(p[1],0,SECTION_FLAG);
     
-  case HASH_KEYWORD_LATCH:
+  case "LATCH"_hk:
     return setFlag(p[1], LATCH_FLAG);
     
-  case HASH_KEYWORD_UNLATCH:
+  case "UNLATCH"_hk:
     return setFlag(p[1], 0, LATCH_FLAG);
  
-  case HASH_KEYWORD_RED:
+  case "RED"_hk:
     doSignal(p[1],SIGNAL_RED);
     return true;
  
-  case HASH_KEYWORD_AMBER:
+  case "AMBER"_hk:
     doSignal(p[1],SIGNAL_AMBER);
     return true;
  
-  case HASH_KEYWORD_GREEN:
+  case "GREEN"_hk:
     doSignal(p[1],SIGNAL_GREEN);
     return true;
     

EXRAILMacros.h

@@ -74,13 +74,81 @@
 #define ALIAS(name,value...) const int name= 1##value##0 ==10 ? -__COUNTER__  : value##0/10; 
 #include "myAutomation.h"
 
+// Pass 1d Detect sequence duplicates.
+// This pass generates no runtime data or code 
+#include "EXRAIL2MacroReset.h"
+#undef AUTOMATION
+#define AUTOMATION(id, description) id,
+#undef ROUTE
+#define ROUTE(id, description) id,
+#undef SEQUENCE
+#define SEQUENCE(id) id,
+constexpr int16_t compileTimeSequenceList[]={
+   #include "myAutomation.h"
+   0
+   };
+constexpr int16_t stuffSize=sizeof(compileTimeSequenceList)/sizeof(int16_t) - 1;
+
+
+// Compile time function to check for sequence nos.
+constexpr bool hasseq(const int16_t value, const uint16_t pos=0 ) {
+    return pos>=stuffSize? false :
+          compileTimeSequenceList[pos]==value 
+       || hasseq(value,pos+1); 
+}
+
+// Compile time function to check for duplicate sequence nos.
+constexpr bool hasdup(const int16_t value, const uint16_t pos ) {
+    return pos>=stuffSize? false :
+          compileTimeSequenceList[pos]==value 
+       || hasseq(value,pos+1) 
+       || hasdup(compileTimeSequenceList[pos],pos+1);
+}
+
+
+static_assert(!hasdup(compileTimeSequenceList[0],1),"Duplicate SEQUENCE/ROUTE/AUTOMATION detected");
+
+//pass 1s static asserts to
+//  - check call and follows etc for existing sequence numbers
+//  - check range on LATCH/UNLATCH
+// This pass generates no runtime data or code 
+#include "EXRAIL2MacroReset.h"
+#undef CALL
+#define CALL(id) static_assert(hasseq(id),"Sequence not found");
+#undef FOLLOW
+#define FOLLOW(id)  static_assert(hasseq(id),"Sequence not found");
+#undef START
+#define START(id)  static_assert(hasseq(id),"Sequence not found");
+#undef SENDLOCO
+#define SENDLOCO(cab,id) static_assert(hasseq(id),"Sequence not found");
+#undef LATCH
+#define LATCH(id) static_assert(id>=0 && id<MAX_FLAGS,"Id out of valid range 0-255" );
+#undef UNLATCH
+#define UNLATCH(id) static_assert(id>=0 && id<MAX_FLAGS,"Id out of valid range 0-255" );
+#undef RESERVE
+#define RESERVE(id) static_assert(id>=0 && id<MAX_FLAGS,"Id out of valid range 0-255" );
+#undef FREE
+#define FREE(id) static_assert(id>=0 && id<MAX_FLAGS,"Id out of valid range 0-255" );
+#undef SPEED
+#define SPEED(speed) static_assert(speed>=0 && speed<128,"Speed out of valid range 0-127");
+#undef FWD
+#define FWD(speed) static_assert(speed>=0 && speed<128,"Speed out of valid range 0-127");
+#undef REV
+#define REV(speed) static_assert(speed>=0 && speed<128,"Speed out of valid range 0-127");
+
+#include "myAutomation.h"
+
 // Pass 1h Implements HAL macro by creating exrailHalSetup function
 // Also allows creating EXTurntable object
 #include "EXRAIL2MacroReset.h"
 #undef HAL
 #define HAL(haltype,params...)  haltype::create(params);
-void exrailHalSetup() {
+#undef HAL_IGNORE_DEFAULTS
+#define HAL_IGNORE_DEFAULTS ignore_defaults=true;
+bool exrailHalSetup() {
+   bool ignore_defaults=false;
    #include "myAutomation.h"
+   return ignore_defaults;
 }
 
 // Pass 1c detect compile time featurtes
@@ -396,6 +464,7 @@ int RMFT2::onLCCLookup[RMFT2::countLCCLookup];
 #define FWD(speed) OPCODE_FWD,V(speed),
 #define GREEN(signal_id) OPCODE_GREEN,V(signal_id),
 #define HAL(haltype,params...)
+#define HAL_IGNORE_DEFAULTS
 #define IF(sensor_id) OPCODE_IF,V(sensor_id),
 #define IFAMBER(signal_id) OPCODE_IFAMBER,V(signal_id),
 #define IFCLOSED(turnout_id) OPCODE_IFCLOSED,V(turnout_id),

EthernetInterface.cpp

@@ -41,12 +41,19 @@ void EthernetInterface::setup()
     DIAG(F("Prog Error!"));
     return;
   }
-  if ((singleton=new EthernetInterface()))
+  DIAG(F("Ethernet Class setup, attempting to instantiate"));
+  if ((singleton=new EthernetInterface())) {
+    DIAG(F("Ethernet Class initialized"));
     return;
+  }
   DIAG(F("Ethernet not initialized"));
 };
 
 
+#ifdef IP_ADDRESS
+static IPAddress myIP(IP_ADDRESS);
+#endif
+
 /**
  * @brief Aquire IP Address from DHCP and start server
  * 
@@ -55,24 +62,47 @@ void EthernetInterface::setup()
  */
 EthernetInterface::EthernetInterface()
 {
-    byte mac[6];
-    DCCTimer::getSimulatedMacAddress(mac);
     connected=false;
-   
+#if defined(STM32_ETHERNET)
+    // Set a HOSTNAME for the DHCP request - a nice to have, but hard it seems on LWIP for STM32
+    // The default is "lwip", which is **always** set in STM32Ethernet/src/utility/ethernetif.cpp
+    // for some reason. One can edit it to instead read:
+    //      #if LWIP_NETIF_HOSTNAME
+    //      /* Initialize interface hostname */
+    //      if (netif->hostname == NULL)
+    //         netif->hostname = "lwip";
+    //      #endif /* LWIP_NETIF_HOSTNAME */
+    // Which seems more useful! We should propose the patch... so the following line actually works!
+    netif_set_hostname(&gnetif, WIFI_HOSTNAME);   // Should probably be passed in the contructor...
   #ifdef IP_ADDRESS
-    Ethernet.begin(mac, IP_ADDRESS);
+    Ethernet.begin(myIP);
+  #else
+    if (Ethernet.begin() == 0)
+    {
+        DIAG(F("Ethernet.begin FAILED"));
+        return;
+    } 
+  #endif // IP_ADDRESS
+#else // All other architectures
+    byte mac[6]= { 0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xFE, 0xED };
+    DIAG(F("Ethernet attempting to get MAC address"));
+    DCCTimer::getSimulatedMacAddress(mac);
+    DIAG(F("Ethernet got MAC address"));
+  #ifdef IP_ADDRESS
+    Ethernet.begin(mac, myIP);
   #else
     if (Ethernet.begin(mac) == 0)
     {
         DIAG(F("Ethernet.begin FAILED"));
         return;
     }
-    #endif
+  #endif // IP_ADDRESS
     if (Ethernet.hardwareStatus() == EthernetNoHardware) {
       DIAG(F("Ethernet shield not found or W5100"));
     }
+#endif // STM32_ETHERNET
 
-    unsigned long startmilli = millis();
+    uint32_t startmilli = millis();
     while ((millis() - startmilli) < 5500) { // Loop to give time to check for cable connection
         if (Ethernet.linkStatus() == LinkON)
             break;
@@ -136,7 +166,9 @@ bool EthernetInterface::checkLink() {
       DIAG(F("Ethernet cable connected"));
       connected=true;
       #ifdef IP_ADDRESS
-      Ethernet.setLocalIP(IP_ADDRESS);      // for static IP, set it again
+      #ifndef STM32_ETHERNET
+      Ethernet.setLocalIP(myIP);      // for static IP, set it again
+      #endif
       #endif
       IPAddress ip = Ethernet.localIP();    // look what IP was obtained (dynamic or static)
       server = new EthernetServer(IP_PORT); // Ethernet Server listening on default port IP_PORT
@@ -171,17 +203,25 @@ void EthernetInterface::loop2() {
       return;
     }
     // get client from the server
+  #if defined (STM32_ETHERNET)
+    // STM32Ethernet doesn't use accept(), just available()
+    EthernetClient client = server->available();
+  #else
     EthernetClient client = server->accept();
-
+  #endif
     // check for new client
     if (client)
     {
-        if (Diag::ETHERNET) DIAG(F("Ethernet: New client "));
         byte socket;
         for (socket = 0; socket < MAX_SOCK_NUM; socket++)
         {
-            if (!clients[socket])
+          if (clients[socket]) {
+            if (clients[socket] == client)
+              break;
+          }
+          else //if (!clients[socket])
             {
+                if (Diag::ETHERNET) DIAG(F("Ethernet: New client "));
                 // On accept() the EthernetServer doesn't track the client anymore
                 // so we store it in our client array
                 if (Diag::ETHERNET) DIAG(F("Socket %d"),socket);

EthernetInterface.h

@@ -35,8 +35,18 @@
 #if defined (ARDUINO_TEENSY41)
  #include <NativeEthernet.h>         //TEENSY Ethernet Treiber
  #include <NativeEthernetUdp.h>   
+ #define MAX_SOCK_NUM 4
+#elif defined (ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F429ZI) || defined (ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F439ZI)
+ #include <LwIP.h>
+//  #include "STM32lwipopts.h"
+ #include <STM32Ethernet.h>
+ #include <lwip/netif.h>
+ extern "C" struct netif gnetif;
+ #define STM32_ETHERNET
+ #define MAX_SOCK_NUM 10
 #else
  #include "Ethernet.h"
+ #define MAX_SOCK_NUM 4
 #endif
 #include "RingStream.h"
 

GITHUB_SHA.h

@@ -1 +1 @@
-#define GITHUB_SHA "devel-202401202235Z"
+#define GITHUB_SHA "devel-202401202116Z"

I2CManager.cpp

@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ static const FSH * guessI2CDeviceType(uint8_t address) {
     return F("Time-of-flight sensor");
   else if (address >= 0x3c && address <= 0x3d)
     return F("OLED Display");
+  else if (address >= 0x48 && address <= 0x57) // Henkk: Added SC16IS752 UART detection
+    return F("SC16IS752 UART");
   else if (address >= 0x48 && address <= 0x4f)
     return F("Analogue Inputs or PWM");
   else if (address >= 0x40 && address <= 0x4f)
@@ -64,7 +66,8 @@ static const FSH * guessI2CDeviceType(uint8_t address) {
     return F("Real-time clock"); 
   else if (address >= 0x70 && address <= 0x77)
     return F("I2C Mux");
-  else
+  else if (address >= 0x90 && address <= 0xAE)
+    return F("UART");
   return F("?");
 }
 

I2CManager_STM32.h

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 #if defined(I2C_USE_INTERRUPTS) && defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32)
 #if defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F401RE) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F411RE) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F446RE) \
     || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F412ZG) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F413ZH) \
-    || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F429ZI) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F446ZE)
+    || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F429ZI) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F439ZI) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F446ZE)
 // Assume I2C1 for now - default I2C bus on Nucleo-F411RE and likely all Nucleo-64
 // and Nucleo-144 variants
 I2C_TypeDef *s = I2C1;
@@ -110,7 +110,6 @@ void I2CManagerClass::I2C_setClock(uint32_t i2cClockSpeed) {
   // Calculate a rise time appropriate to the requested bus speed
   // Use 10x the rise time spec to enable integer divide of 50ns clock period
   uint16_t t_rise;
-  //uint32_t ccr_freq;
 
   while (s->CR1 & I2C_CR1_STOP);  // Prevents lockup by guarding further
                                   // writes to CR1 while STOP is being executed!
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ void I2CManagerClass::I2C_init()
   GPIOB->OTYPER |= (1<<8) | (1<<9);           // PB8 and PB9 set to open drain output capability
   GPIOB->OSPEEDR |= (3<<(8*2)) | (3<<(9*2));  // PB8 and PB9 set to High Speed mode
   GPIOB->PUPDR &= ~((3<<(8*2)) | (3<<(9*2))); // Clear all PUPDR bits for PB8 and PB9
-  GPIOB->PUPDR |= (1<<(8*2)) | (1<<(9*2));    // PB8 and PB9 set to pull-up capability
+  // GPIOB->PUPDR |= (1<<(8*2)) | (1<<(9*2));    // PB8 and PB9 set to pull-up capability
   // Alt Function High register routing pins PB8 and PB9 for I2C1:
   // Bits (3:2:1:0) = 0:1:0:0 --> AF4 for pin PB8
   // Bits (7:6:5:4) = 0:1:0:0 --> AF4 for pin PB9

IODevice.cpp

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
 // Link to halSetup function.  If not defined, the function reference will be NULL.
 extern __attribute__((weak)) void halSetup();
-extern __attribute__((weak)) void exrailHalSetup();
+extern __attribute__((weak)) bool exrailHalSetup();
 
 //==================================================================================================================
 // Static methods
@@ -60,33 +60,30 @@ void IODevice::begin() {
     halSetup();
 
   // include any HAL devices defined in exrail. 
+  bool ignoreDefaults=false;
   if (exrailHalSetup)
-    exrailHalSetup();
+    ignoreDefaults=exrailHalSetup();
+  if (ignoreDefaults) return;
   
   // Predefine two PCA9685 modules 0x40-0x41 if no conflicts
   // Allocates 32 pins 100-131
-  if (checkNoOverlap(100, 16, 0x40)) {
+  const bool silent=true; // no message if these conflict
+  if (checkNoOverlap(100, 16, 0x40, silent)) {
     PCA9685::create(100, 16, 0x40);
-  } else {
-    DIAG(F("Default PCA9685 at I2C 0x40 disabled due to configured user device"));
   } 
-  if (checkNoOverlap(116, 16, 0x41)) {
+
+  if (checkNoOverlap(116, 16, 0x41, silent)) {
     PCA9685::create(116, 16, 0x41);
-  } else {
-    DIAG(F("Default PCA9685 at I2C 0x41 disabled due to configured user device"));
   } 
   
   // Predefine two MCP23017 module 0x20/0x21 if no conflicts
   // Allocates 32 pins 164-195
-  if (checkNoOverlap(164, 16, 0x20)) {
+  if (checkNoOverlap(164, 16, 0x20, silent)) {
     MCP23017::create(164, 16, 0x20);
-  } else {
-    DIAG(F("Default MCP23017 at I2C 0x20 disabled due to configured user device"));
   } 
-  if (checkNoOverlap(180, 16, 0x21)) {
+
+  if (checkNoOverlap(180, 16, 0x21, silent)) {
     MCP23017::create(180, 16, 0x21);
-  } else {
-    DIAG(F("Default MCP23017 at I2C 0x21 disabled due to configured user device"));
   } 
 }
 
@@ -339,7 +336,10 @@ IODevice *IODevice::findDeviceFollowing(VPIN vpin) {
 // returns true if pins DONT overlap with existing device
 // TODO: Move the I2C address reservation and checks into the I2CManager code.
 // That will enable non-HAL devices to reserve I2C addresses too.
-bool IODevice::checkNoOverlap(VPIN firstPin, uint8_t nPins, I2CAddress i2cAddress) {
+// Silent is used by the default setup so that there is no message if the default 
+// device has already been handled by the user setup.
+bool IODevice::checkNoOverlap(VPIN firstPin, uint8_t nPins, 
+      I2CAddress i2cAddress, bool silent) {
 #ifdef DIAG_IO
   DIAG(F("Check no overlap %u %u %s"), firstPin,nPins,i2cAddress.toString());
 #endif
@@ -352,14 +352,14 @@ bool IODevice::checkNoOverlap(VPIN firstPin, uint8_t nPins, I2CAddress i2cAddres
       VPIN lastDevPin=firstDevPin+dev->_nPins-1;
       bool noOverlap= firstPin>lastDevPin || lastPin<firstDevPin;
       if (!noOverlap) {
-          DIAG(F("WARNING HAL Overlap, redefinition of Vpins %u to %u ignored."),
+          if (!silent) DIAG(F("WARNING HAL Overlap, redefinition of Vpins %u to %u ignored."),
               firstPin, lastPin);
           return false;
       } 
     }
     // Check for overlapping I2C address
     if (i2cAddress && dev->_I2CAddress==i2cAddress) {
-      DIAG(F("WARNING HAL Overlap. i2c Addr %s ignored."),i2cAddress.toString());
+      if (!silent) DIAG(F("WARNING HAL Overlap. i2c Addr %s ignored."),i2cAddress.toString());
       return false;
     } 
   }

IODevice.h

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
 #define iodevice_h
 
 // Define symbol DIAG_IO to enable diagnostic output
-//#define DIAG_IO Y
+//#define DIAG_IO
+
 
 // Define symbol DIAG_LOOPTIMES to enable CS loop execution time to be reported
 //#define DIAG_LOOPTIMES
@@ -166,7 +167,8 @@ public:
   void setGPIOInterruptPin(int16_t pinNumber);
 
   // Method to check if pins will overlap before creating new device. 
-  static bool checkNoOverlap(VPIN firstPin, uint8_t nPins=1, I2CAddress i2cAddress=0);
+  static bool checkNoOverlap(VPIN firstPin, uint8_t nPins=1, 
+                  I2CAddress i2cAddress=0, bool silent=false);
 
   // Method used by IODevice filters to locate slave pins that may be overlayed by their own
   // pin range.  

IO_CMRI.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+/*
+ *  © 2023, Neil McKechnie. All rights reserved.
+ *  
+ *  This file is part of DCC++EX API
+ *
+ *  This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with CommandStation.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include "IO_CMRI.h"
+#include "defines.h"
+
+/************************************************************
+ * CMRIbus implementation
+ ************************************************************/
+
+// Constructor for CMRIbus
+CMRIbus::CMRIbus(uint8_t busNo, HardwareSerial &serial, unsigned long baud, uint16_t cycleTimeMS, VPIN transmitEnablePin) {
+  _busNo = busNo;
+  _serial = &serial;
+  _baud = baud;
+  _cycleTime = cycleTimeMS * 1000UL; // convert from milliseconds to microseconds.
+  _transmitEnablePin = transmitEnablePin;
+  if (_transmitEnablePin != VPIN_NONE) {
+    pinMode(_transmitEnablePin, OUTPUT);
+    ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_transmitEnablePin, 0); // transmitter initially off
+  }
+
+  // Max message length is 256+6=262 bytes.  
+  // Each byte is one start bit, 8 data bits and 1 or 2 stop bits, assume 11 bits per byte.  
+  // Calculate timeout based on treble this time.
+  _timeoutPeriod = 3 * 11 * 262 * 1000UL / (_baud / 1000UL);
+#if defined(ARDUINOCMRI_COMPATIBLE)
+  // NOTE: The ArduinoCMRI library, unless modified, contains a 'delay(50)' between 
+  // receiving the end of the prompt message and starting to send the response.  This
+  // is allowed for below.
+  _timeoutPeriod += 50000UL;
+#endif
+  
+  // Calculate the time in microseconds to transmit one byte (11 bits max).
+  _byteTransmitTime = 1000000UL * 11 / _baud;
+  // Postdelay is only required if we need to allow for data still being sent when
+  // we want to switch off the transmitter.  The flush() method of HardwareSerial
+  // ensures that the data has completed being sent over the line.
+  _postDelay = 0;
+  
+  // Add device to HAL device chain
+  IODevice::addDevice(this);
+
+  // Add bus to CMRIbus chain.
+  _nextBus = _busList;
+  _busList = this;
+}
+
+
+// Main loop function for CMRIbus.
+// Work through list of nodes.  For each node, in separate loop entries
+// send initialisation message (once only);  then send
+// output message;  then send prompt for input data, and 
+// process any response data received.
+// When the slot time has finished, move on to the next device.
+void CMRIbus::_loop(unsigned long currentMicros) {
+  
+  _currentMicros = currentMicros;
+
+  while (_serial->available())
+    processIncoming();
+
+  // Send any data that needs sending.
+  processOutgoing();
+
+}
+
+// Send output data to the bus for nominated CMRInode
+uint16_t CMRIbus::sendData(CMRInode *node) {
+  uint16_t numDataBytes = (node->getNumOutputs()+7)/8;
+  _serial->write(SYN);
+  _serial->write(SYN);
+  _serial->write(STX);
+  _serial->write(node->getAddress() + 65);
+  _serial->write('T'); // T for Transmit data message
+  uint16_t charsSent = 6; // include header and trailer
+  for (uint8_t index=0; index<numDataBytes; index++) {
+    uint8_t value = node->getOutputStates(index);
+    if (value == DLE || value == STX || value == ETX) {
+      _serial->write(DLE); 
+      charsSent++;
+    }
+    _serial->write(value);
+    charsSent++;
+  }
+  _serial->write(ETX);
+  return charsSent;  // number of characters sent
+}
+
+// Send request for input data to nominated CMRInode.
+uint16_t CMRIbus::requestData(CMRInode *node) {
+  _serial->write(SYN);
+  _serial->write(SYN);
+  _serial->write(STX);
+  _serial->write(node->getAddress() + 65);
+  _serial->write('P'); // P for Poll message
+  _serial->write(ETX);
+  return 6;  // number of characters sent
+}
+
+// Send initialisation message
+uint16_t CMRIbus::sendInitialisation(CMRInode *node) {
+  _serial->write(SYN);
+  _serial->write(SYN);
+  _serial->write(STX);
+  _serial->write(node->getAddress() + 65);
+  _serial->write('I'); // I for initialise message
+  _serial->write(node->getType());  // NDP
+  _serial->write((uint8_t)0);  // dH
+  _serial->write((uint8_t)0);  // dL
+  _serial->write((uint8_t)0);  // NS
+  _serial->write(ETX);
+  return 10;  // number of characters sent
+}
+
+void CMRIbus::processOutgoing() {
+  uint16_t charsSent = 0;
+  if (_currentNode == NULL) {
+    // If we're between read/write cycles then don't do anything else.
+    if (_currentMicros - _cycleStartTime < _cycleTime) return;
+    // ... otherwise start processing the first node in the list
+    _currentNode = _nodeListStart;
+    _transmitState = TD_INIT;
+    _cycleStartTime = _currentMicros;
+  }
+  if (_currentNode == NULL) return;
+  switch (_transmitState) {
+    case TD_IDLE:
+    case TD_INIT:
+      enableTransmitter();
+      if (!_currentNode->isInitialised()) {
+        charsSent = sendInitialisation(_currentNode);
+        _currentNode->setInitialised();
+        _transmitState = TD_TRANSMIT;
+        delayUntil(_currentMicros+_byteTransmitTime*charsSent);
+        break;
+      }
+      /* fallthrough */
+    case TD_TRANSMIT:
+      charsSent = sendData(_currentNode);
+      _transmitState = TD_PROMPT;
+      // Defer next entry for as long as it takes to transmit the characters, 
+      // to allow output queue to empty.  Allow 2 bytes extra.
+      delayUntil(_currentMicros+_byteTransmitTime*(charsSent+2));
+      break;
+    case TD_PROMPT:
+      charsSent = requestData(_currentNode);
+      disableTransmitter();
+      _transmitState = TD_RECEIVE;
+      _timeoutStart = _currentMicros; // Start timeout on response
+      break;
+    case TD_RECEIVE: // Waiting for response / timeout
+      if (_currentMicros - _timeoutStart > _timeoutPeriod) { 
+        // End of time slot allocated for responses.
+        _transmitState = TD_IDLE;
+        // Reset state of receiver
+        _receiveState = RD_SYN1;
+        // Move to next node
+        _currentNode = _currentNode->getNext();
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+// Process any data bytes received from a CMRInode.
+void CMRIbus::processIncoming() {
+  int data = _serial->read();
+  if (data < 0) return;     // No characters to read
+
+  if (_transmitState != TD_RECEIVE || !_currentNode) return;   // Not waiting for input, so ignore.
+
+  uint8_t nextState = RD_SYN1;  // default to resetting state machine
+  switch(_receiveState) {
+    case RD_SYN1: 
+      if (data == SYN) nextState = RD_SYN2; 
+      break;
+    case RD_SYN2:
+      if (data == SYN) nextState = RD_STX; else nextState = RD_SYN2;
+      break;
+    case RD_STX:
+      if (data == STX) nextState = RD_ADDR;
+      break;
+    case RD_ADDR:
+      // If address doesn't match, then ignore everything until next SYN-SYN-STX.
+      if (data == _currentNode->getAddress() + 65) nextState = RD_TYPE;
+      break;
+    case RD_TYPE:
+      _receiveDataIndex = 0;  // Initialise data pointer
+      if (data == 'R') nextState = RD_DATA;
+      break;
+    case RD_DATA: // data body
+      if (data == DLE) // escape next character
+        nextState = RD_ESCDATA;
+      else if (data == ETX) { // end of data
+        // End of data message.  Protocol has all data in one
+        // message, so we don't need to wait any more.  Allow
+        // transmitter to proceed with next node in list.
+        _currentNode = _currentNode->getNext();
+        _transmitState = TD_IDLE;
+      } else {
+        // Not end yet, so save data byte
+        _currentNode->saveIncomingData(_receiveDataIndex++, data);
+        nextState = RD_DATA; // wait for more data
+      }
+      break;
+    case RD_ESCDATA: // escaped data byte
+      _currentNode->saveIncomingData(_receiveDataIndex++, data);
+      nextState = RD_DATA;
+      break;
+  }
+  _receiveState = nextState;
+}
+
+// If configured for half duplex RS485, switch RS485 interface
+// into transmit mode.
+void CMRIbus::enableTransmitter() {
+  if (_transmitEnablePin != VPIN_NONE) 
+    ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_transmitEnablePin, 1);
+  // If we need a delay before we start the packet header, 
+  // we can send a character or two to synchronise the 
+  // transmitter and receiver.
+  // SYN characters should be used, but a bug in the
+  // ArduinoCMRI library causes it to ignore the packet if
+  // it's preceded by an odd number of SYN characters.
+  // So send a SYN followed by a NUL in that case.
+  _serial->write(SYN);
+#if defined(ARDUINOCMRI_COMPATIBLE)
+  _serial->write(NUL);  // Reset the ArduinoCMRI library's parser
+#endif
+}
+
+// If configured for half duplex RS485, switch RS485 interface
+// into receive mode.
+void CMRIbus::disableTransmitter() {
+  // Wait until all data has been transmitted.  On the standard
+  // AVR driver, this waits until the FIFO is empty and all
+  // data has been sent over the link.
+  _serial->flush();
+  // If we don't trust the 'flush' function and think the 
+  // data's still in transit, then wait a bit longer.
+  if (_postDelay > 0)
+    delayMicroseconds(_postDelay);
+  // Hopefully, we can now safely switch off the transmitter.
+  if (_transmitEnablePin != VPIN_NONE) 
+    ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_transmitEnablePin, 0);
+}    
+
+// Link to chain of CMRI bus instances
+CMRIbus *CMRIbus::_busList = NULL;
+
+
+/************************************************************
+ * CMRInode implementation
+ ************************************************************/
+
+// Constructor for CMRInode object
+CMRInode::CMRInode(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, uint8_t busNo, uint8_t address, char type, uint16_t inputs, uint16_t outputs) {
+  _firstVpin = firstVpin;
+  _nPins = nPins;
+  _busNo = busNo;
+  _address = address;
+  _type = type;
+
+  switch (_type) {
+    case 'M': // SMINI, fixed 24 inputs and 48 outputs
+      _numInputs = 24;
+      _numOutputs = 48;
+      break;
+    case 'C': // CPNODE with 16 to 144 inputs/outputs using 8-bit cards
+      _numInputs = inputs;
+      _numOutputs = outputs;
+      break;
+    case 'N': // Classic USIC and SUSIC using 24 bit i/o cards
+    case 'X': // SUSIC using 32 bit i/o cards
+    default:
+      DIAG(F("CMRInode: bus:%d address:%d ERROR unsupported type %c"), _busNo, _address, _type);
+      return; // Don't register device.
+  }
+  if ((unsigned int)_nPins < _numInputs + _numOutputs)
+    DIAG(F("CMRInode: bus:%d address:%d WARNING number of Vpins does not cover all inputs and outputs"), _busNo, _address);
+
+  // Allocate memory for states
+  _inputStates = (uint8_t *)calloc((_numInputs+7)/8, 1);
+  _outputStates = (uint8_t *)calloc((_numOutputs+7)/8, 1);
+  if (!_inputStates || !_outputStates) {
+    DIAG(F("CMRInode: ERROR insufficient memory"));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Add this device to HAL device list
+  IODevice::addDevice(this);
+
+  // Add CMRInode to CMRIbus object.
+  CMRIbus *bus = CMRIbus::findBus(_busNo);
+  if (bus != NULL) {
+    bus->addNode(this);
+    return;
+  }
+}
+

IO_CMRI.h

@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+/*
+ *  © 2023, Neil McKechnie. All rights reserved.
+ *  
+ *  This file is part of DCC++EX API
+ *
+ *  This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with CommandStation.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * CMRIbus
+ * =======
+ * To define a CMRI bus, example syntax:
+ *    CMRIbus::create(bus, serial, baud[, cycletime[, pin]]);
+ * 
+ * bus = 0-255
+ * serial = serial port to be used (e.g. Serial3)
+ * baud = baud rate (9600, 19200, 28800, 57600 or 115200)
+ * cycletime = minimum time between successive updates/reads of a node in millisecs (default 500ms)
+ * pin = pin number connected to RS485 module's DE and !RE terminals for half-duplex operation (default VPIN_NONE)
+ * 
+ * Each bus must use a different serial port.
+ * 
+ * IMPORTANT: If you are using ArduinoCMRI library code by Michael Adams, at the time of writing this library
+ * is not compliant with the LCS-9.10.1 specification for CMRInet protocol.  
+ * Various work-arounds may be enabled within the driver by adding the following line to your config.h file,
+ * to allow nodes running the ArduinoCMRI library to communicate:
+ * 
+ *  #define ARDUINOCMRI_COMPATIBLE
+ * 
+ * CMRINode
+ * ========
+ * To define a CMRI node and associate it with a CMRI bus,
+ *    CMRInode::create(firstVPIN, numVPINs, bus, address, type [, inputs, outputs]);
+ * 
+ * firstVPIN = first vpin in block allocated to this device
+ * numVPINs = number of vpins (e.g. 72 for an SMINI node)
+ * bus = 0-255
+ * address = 0-127
+ * type = 'M' for SMINI (fixed 24 inputs and 48 outputs)
+ *        'C' for CPNODE (16 to 144 inputs/outputs in groups of 8)
+ *        (other types are not supported at this time).
+ * inputs = number of inputs (CPNODE only)
+ * outputs = number of outputs (CPNODE only)
+ * 
+ * Reference: "LCS-9.10.1
+ *             Layout Control Specification: CMRInet Protocol
+ *             Version 1.1 December 2014."
+ */
+
+#ifndef IO_CMRI_H
+#define IO_CMRI_H
+
+#include "IODevice.h"
+
+/**********************************************************************
+ * CMRInode class
+ * 
+ * This encapsulates the state associated with a single CMRI node, 
+ * which includes the address type, number of inputs and outputs, and
+ * the states of the inputs and outputs.
+ **********************************************************************/
+class CMRInode : public IODevice {
+private:
+  uint8_t _busNo;
+  uint8_t _address;
+  char _type;
+  CMRInode *_next = NULL;
+  uint8_t *_inputStates = NULL;
+  uint8_t *_outputStates = NULL;
+  uint16_t _numInputs = 0;
+  uint16_t _numOutputs = 0;
+  bool _initialised = false;
+
+public:
+  static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, uint8_t busNo, uint8_t address, char type, uint16_t inputs=0, uint16_t outputs=0) {
+    if (checkNoOverlap(firstVpin, nPins)) new CMRInode(firstVpin, nPins, busNo, address, type, inputs, outputs);
+  }
+  CMRInode(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, uint8_t busNo, uint8_t address, char type, uint16_t inputs=0, uint16_t outputs=0);
+
+  uint8_t getAddress() {
+    return _address;
+  }
+  CMRInode *getNext() {
+    return _next;
+  }
+  void setNext(CMRInode *node) {
+    _next = node;
+  }
+  bool isInitialised() {
+    return _initialised;
+  }
+  void setInitialised() {
+    _initialised = true;
+  }
+
+  void _begin() {
+    _initialised = false;
+  }
+
+  int _read(VPIN vpin) {
+    // Return current state from this device
+    uint16_t pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
+    if (pin < _numInputs) {
+      uint8_t mask = 1 << (pin & 0x7);
+      int index = pin / 8;
+      return (_inputStates[index] & mask) != 0;
+    } else
+      return 0;
+  }
+
+  void _write(VPIN vpin, int value) {
+    // Update current state for this device, in preparation the bus transmission
+    uint16_t pin = vpin - _firstVpin - _numInputs;
+    if (pin < _numOutputs) {
+      uint8_t mask = 1 << (pin & 0x7);
+      int index = pin / 8;
+      if (value)
+        _outputStates[index] |= mask;
+      else
+        _outputStates[index] &= ~mask;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void saveIncomingData(uint8_t index, uint8_t data) {
+    if (index < (_numInputs+7)/8)
+      _inputStates[index] = data;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t getOutputStates(uint8_t index) {
+    if (index < (_numOutputs+7)/8)
+      return _outputStates[index];
+    else
+      return 0;
+  }
+
+  uint16_t getNumInputs() {
+    return _numInputs;
+  }
+
+  uint16_t getNumOutputs() {
+    return _numOutputs;
+  }
+
+  char getType() {
+    return _type; 
+  }
+
+  uint8_t getBusNumber() {
+    return _busNo;
+  }
+
+  void _display() override {
+    DIAG(F("CMRInode type:'%c' configured on bus:%d address:%d VPINs:%u-%u (in) %u-%u (out)"),
+      _type, _busNo, _address, _firstVpin, _firstVpin+_numInputs-1,
+      _firstVpin+_numInputs, _firstVpin+_numInputs+_numOutputs-1);
+  }
+
+};
+
+/**********************************************************************
+ * CMRIbus class
+ * 
+ * This encapsulates the properties state of the bus and the
+ * transmission and reception of data across that bus.  Each CMRIbus
+ * object owns a set of CMRInode objects which represent the nodes
+ * attached to that bus.
+ **********************************************************************/
+class CMRIbus : public IODevice {
+private:
+  // Here we define the device-specific variables.  
+  uint8_t _busNo;
+  HardwareSerial *_serial;
+  unsigned long _baud;
+  VPIN _transmitEnablePin = VPIN_NONE;
+  CMRInode *_nodeListStart = NULL, *_nodeListEnd = NULL;
+  CMRInode *_currentNode = NULL;
+
+  // Transmitter state machine states
+  enum {TD_IDLE, TD_PRETRANSMIT, TD_INIT, TD_TRANSMIT, TD_PROMPT, TD_RECEIVE};
+  uint8_t _transmitState = TD_IDLE;
+  // Receiver state machine states.
+  enum {RD_SYN1, RD_SYN2, RD_STX, RD_ADDR, RD_TYPE, 
+      RD_DATA, RD_ESCDATA, RD_SKIPDATA, RD_SKIPESCDATA, RD_ETX};
+  uint8_t _receiveState = RD_SYN1;
+  uint16_t _receiveDataIndex = 0;  // Index of next data byte to be received.
+  CMRIbus *_nextBus = NULL;  // Pointer to next bus instance in list.
+  unsigned long _cycleStartTime = 0;
+  unsigned long _timeoutStart = 0;
+  unsigned long _cycleTime; // target time between successive read/write cycles, microseconds
+  unsigned long _timeoutPeriod; // timeout on read responses, in microseconds.
+  unsigned long _currentMicros;  // last value of micros() from _loop function.
+  unsigned long _postDelay; // delay time after transmission before switching off transmitter (in us)
+  unsigned long _byteTransmitTime; // time in us for transmission of one byte
+
+  static CMRIbus *_busList; // linked list of defined bus instances
+
+  // Definition of special characters in CMRInet protocol
+  enum : uint8_t {
+    NUL = 0x00,
+    STX = 0x02,
+    ETX = 0x03,
+    DLE = 0x10,
+    SYN = 0xff,
+  };
+
+public:
+  static void create(uint8_t busNo, HardwareSerial &serial, unsigned long baud, uint16_t cycleTimeMS=500, VPIN transmitEnablePin=VPIN_NONE) {
+    new CMRIbus(busNo, serial, baud, cycleTimeMS, transmitEnablePin);
+  } 
+
+  // Device-specific initialisation
+  void _begin() override {
+    // CMRInet spec states one stop bit, JMRI and ArduinoCMRI use two stop bits
+#if defined(ARDUINOCMRI_COMPATIBLE)
+    _serial->begin(_baud, SERIAL_8N2);
+#else
+    _serial->begin(_baud, SERIAL_8N1);
+#endif
+  #if defined(DIAG_IO)
+    _display();
+  #endif
+  }
+
+  // Loop function (overriding IODevice::_loop(unsigned long))
+  void _loop(unsigned long currentMicros) override;
+
+  // Display information about the device
+  void _display() override {
+    DIAG(F("CMRIbus %d configured, speed=%d baud, cycle=%d ms"), _busNo, _baud, _cycleTime/1000);
+  }
+
+  // Locate CMRInode object with specified address.
+  CMRInode *findNode(uint8_t address) {
+    for (CMRInode *node = _nodeListStart; node != NULL; node = node->getNext()) {
+      if (node->getAddress() == address) 
+        return node;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Add new CMRInode to the list of nodes for this bus.
+  void addNode(CMRInode *newNode) {
+    if (!_nodeListStart)
+      _nodeListStart = newNode;
+    if (!_nodeListEnd) 
+      _nodeListEnd = newNode;
+    else {
+      _nodeListEnd->setNext(newNode);
+      _nodeListEnd = newNode;
+    }
+  }
+
+protected:
+  CMRIbus(uint8_t busNo, HardwareSerial &serial, unsigned long baud, uint16_t cycleTimeMS, VPIN transmitEnablePin);
+  uint16_t sendData(CMRInode *node);
+  uint16_t requestData(CMRInode *node);
+  uint16_t sendInitialisation(CMRInode *node);
+
+  // Process any data bytes received from a CMRInode.
+  void processIncoming();
+  // Process any outgoing traffic that is due.
+  void processOutgoing();
+  // Enable transmitter
+  void enableTransmitter();
+  // Disable transmitter and enable receiver
+  void disableTransmitter();
+
+
+public:
+  uint8_t getBusNumber() {
+    return _busNo;
+  }
+
+  static CMRIbus *findBus(uint8_t busNo) {
+    for (CMRIbus *bus=_busList; bus!=NULL; bus=bus->_nextBus) {
+      if (bus->_busNo == busNo) return bus;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+  }
+};
+
+#endif // IO_CMRI_H

IO_EXIOExpander.h

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
  *  © 2022, Peter Cole. All rights reserved.
+ *  © 2024, Harald Barth. All rights reserved.
  *
  *  This file is part of EX-CommandStation
  *
@@ -100,8 +101,14 @@ private:
             if (_digitalPinBytes < digitalBytesNeeded) {
               // Not enough space, free any existing buffer and allocate a new one
               if (_digitalPinBytes > 0) free(_digitalInputStates);
-              _digitalInputStates = (byte*) calloc(_digitalPinBytes, 1);
+              if ((_digitalInputStates = (byte*) calloc(digitalBytesNeeded, 1)) != NULL) {
                 _digitalPinBytes = digitalBytesNeeded;
+              } else {
+                DIAG(F("EX-IOExpander I2C:%s ERROR alloc %d bytes"), _I2CAddress.toString(), digitalBytesNeeded);
+                _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
+                _digitalPinBytes = 0;
+                return;
+              }
             }
           }
           
@@ -117,7 +124,16 @@ private:
               _analogueInputStates = (uint8_t*) calloc(analogueBytesNeeded, 1);
               _analogueInputBuffer = (uint8_t*) calloc(analogueBytesNeeded, 1);
               _analoguePinMap = (uint8_t*) calloc(_numAnaloguePins, 1);
+	      if (_analogueInputStates  != NULL &&
+		  _analogueInputBuffer != NULL &&
+		  _analoguePinMap != NULL) {
 		_analoguePinBytes = analogueBytesNeeded;
+	      } else {
+		DIAG(F("EX-IOExpander I2C:%s ERROR alloc analog pin bytes"), _I2CAddress.toString());
+		_deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
+		_analoguePinBytes = 0;
+		return;
+	      }
             }
           }
         } else {
@@ -241,7 +257,7 @@ private:
 
     // If we're not doing anything now, check to see if a new input transfer is due.
     if (_readState == RDS_IDLE) {
-      if (currentMicros - _lastDigitalRead > _digitalRefresh && _numDigitalPins>0) { // Delay for digital read refresh
+      if (_numDigitalPins>0 && currentMicros - _lastDigitalRead > _digitalRefresh) { // Delay for digital read refresh
         // Issue new read request for digital states.  As the request is non-blocking, the buffer has to
         // be allocated from heap (object state).
         _readCommandBuffer[0] = EXIORDD;
@@ -249,7 +265,7 @@ private:
                                                                 // non-blocking read
         _lastDigitalRead = currentMicros;
         _readState = RDS_DIGITAL;
-      } else if (currentMicros - _lastAnalogueRead > _analogueRefresh && _numAnaloguePins>0) { // Delay for analogue read refresh
+      } else if (_numAnaloguePins>0 && currentMicros - _lastAnalogueRead > _analogueRefresh) { // Delay for analogue read refresh
         // Issue new read for analogue input states
         _readCommandBuffer[0] = EXIORDAN;
         I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, _analogueInputBuffer,
@@ -364,14 +380,14 @@ private:
   uint8_t _minorVer = 0;
   uint8_t _patchVer = 0;
 
-  uint8_t* _digitalInputStates;
+  uint8_t* _digitalInputStates  = NULL;
-  uint8_t* _analogueInputStates;
+  uint8_t* _analogueInputStates = NULL;
-  uint8_t* _analogueInputBuffer;  // buffer for I2C input transfers
+  uint8_t* _analogueInputBuffer = NULL;  // buffer for I2C input transfers
   uint8_t _readCommandBuffer[1];
 
   uint8_t _digitalPinBytes = 0;   // Size of allocated memory buffer (may be longer than needed)
-  uint8_t _analoguePinBytes = 0;  // Size of allocated memory buffers (may be longer than needed)
+  uint8_t _analoguePinBytes = 0;  // Size of allocated memory buffer (may be longer than needed)
-  uint8_t* _analoguePinMap;
+  uint8_t* _analoguePinMap = NULL;
   I2CRB _i2crb;
 
   enum {RDS_IDLE, RDS_DIGITAL, RDS_ANALOGUE};  // Read operation states

IO_I2CDFPlayer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,794 @@
+   /*
+ *  © 2023, Neil McKechnie. All rights reserved.
+ *  
+ *  This file is part of DCC++EX API
+ *
+ *  This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with CommandStation.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * DFPlayer is an MP3 player module with an SD card holder.  It also has an integrated
+ * amplifier, so it only needs a power supply and a speaker.
+ * This driver is a modified version of the IO_DFPlayer.h file
+ * *********************************************************************************************
+ * 
+ * 2023, Added NXP SC16IS752 I2C Dual UART to enable the DFPlayer connection over the I2C bus
+ * The SC16IS752 has 64 bytes TX & RX FIFO buffer
+ * First version without interrupts from I2C UART and only RX/TX are used, interrupts may not be
+ * needed as the RX Fifo holds the reply 
+ * 
+ * myHall.cpp configuration syntax:
+ * 
+ * I2CDFPlayer::create(1st vPin, vPins, I2C address, UART ch, AM);
+ * 
+ * Parameters:
+ * 1st vPin     : First virtual pin that EX-Rail can control to play a sound, use PLAYSOUND command (alias of ANOUT)
+ * vPins        : Total number of virtual pins allocated (only 1 vPin is supported)
+ * I2C Address  : I2C address of the serial controller, in 0x format,
+ * UART ch      : Indicating UART 0 or UART 1, values 0 or 1
+ * AM           : audio mixer, values: 1 or 2 to select an audio amplifier, no effect if AM is not installed
+ * 
+ * The vPin is also an pin that can be read, it indicated if the DFPlayer has finished playing a track
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef IO_I2CDFPlayer_h
+#define IO_I2CDFPlayer_h
+
+#include "IODevice.h"
+#include "I2CManager.h"
+#include "DIAG.h"
+
+// Debug and diagnostic defines, enable too many will result in slowing the driver
+//#define DIAG_I2CDFplayer
+//#define DIAG_I2CDFplayer_data
+//#define DIAG_I2CDFplayer_reg
+//#define DIAG_I2CDFplayer_playing
+
+class I2CDFPlayer : public IODevice {
+private: 
+  const uint8_t MAXVOLUME=30;
+  uint8_t RETRYCOUNT = 0x03;
+  bool _playing = false;
+  uint8_t _inputIndex = 0;
+  unsigned long _commandSendTime; // Time (us) that last transmit took place.
+  unsigned long _timeoutTime;
+  uint8_t _recvCMD;  // Last received command code byte
+  bool _awaitingResponse = false;  
+  uint8_t _retryCounter = RETRYCOUNT; // Max retries before timing out
+  uint8_t _requestedVolumeLevel = MAXVOLUME;
+  uint8_t _currentVolume = MAXVOLUME;
+  int _requestedSong = -1;  // -1=none, 0=stop, >0=file number
+  bool _repeat = false; // audio file is repeat playing
+  uint8_t _previousCmd = true;
+  // SC16IS752 defines
+  I2CAddress _I2CAddress;
+  I2CRB _rb;
+  uint8_t _UART_CH;  
+  // Communication parameters for the DFPlayer are fixed at 8 bit, No parity, 1 stopbit
+  uint8_t WORD_LEN = 0x03;    // Value LCR bit 0,1
+  uint8_t STOP_BIT = 0x00;    // Value LCR bit 2 
+  uint8_t PARITY_ENA = 0x00;  // Value LCR bit 3
+  uint8_t PARITY_TYPE = 0x00; // Value LCR bit 4
+  uint32_t BAUD_RATE = 9600;
+  uint8_t PRESCALER = 0x01;   // Value MCR bit 7
+  uint8_t TEMP_REG_VAL = 0x00;
+  uint8_t FIFO_RX_LEVEL = 0x00;
+  uint8_t RX_BUFFER = 0x00; // nr of bytes copied into _inbuffer
+  uint8_t FIFO_TX_LEVEL = 0x00;  
+  bool _playCmd = false;
+  bool _volCmd = false;
+  bool _folderCmd = false;
+  uint8_t _requestedFolder = 0x01; // default to folder 01
+  uint8_t _currentFolder = 0x01; // default to folder 01
+  bool _repeatCmd = false;
+  bool _stopplayCmd = false;
+  bool _resetCmd = false;
+  bool _eqCmd = false;
+  uint8_t _requestedEQValue = NORMAL;
+  uint8_t _currentEQvalue = NORMAL; // start equalizer value
+  bool _daconCmd = false;
+  uint8_t _audioMixer = 0x01; // Default to output amplifier 1
+  bool _setamCmd = false; // Set the Audio mixer channel
+  uint8_t _outbuffer [11]; // DFPlayer command is 10 bytes + 1 byte register address & UART channel
+  uint8_t _inbuffer[10]; // expected DFPlayer return 10 bytes
+ 
+  //unsigned long SC16IS752_XTAL_FREQ = 1843200; // To support cheap eBay/AliExpress SC16IS752 boards
+  unsigned long SC16IS752_XTAL_FREQ = 14745600; // Support for higher baud rates, standard for modular EX-IO system
+
+   
+public:
+  // Constructor
+  I2CDFPlayer(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, I2CAddress i2cAddress, uint8_t UART_CH, uint8_t AM){
+    _firstVpin = firstVpin;
+    _nPins = nPins;
+    _I2CAddress = i2cAddress;
+    _UART_CH = UART_CH;
+    _audioMixer = AM;  
+    addDevice(this);
+   } 
+  
+public:
+   static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, I2CAddress i2cAddress, uint8_t UART_CH, uint8_t AM) {
+    if (checkNoOverlap(firstVpin, nPins, i2cAddress)) new I2CDFPlayer(firstVpin, nPins, i2cAddress, UART_CH, AM);
+  }
+
+  void _begin() override {
+    // check if SC16IS752 exist first, initialize and then resume DFPlayer init via SC16IS752
+    I2CManager.begin();
+    I2CManager.setClock(1000000);
+    if (I2CManager.exists(_I2CAddress)){
+      DIAG(F("SC16IS752 I2C:%s UART detected"), _I2CAddress.toString());
+      Init_SC16IS752(); // Initialize UART
+      if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED){
+        DIAG(F("SC16IS752 I2C:%s UART initialization failed"), _I2CAddress.toString());
+        }
+      } else {
+         DIAG(F("SC16IS752 I2C:%s UART not detected"), _I2CAddress.toString());
+        }
+      #if defined(DIAG_IO)
+      _display();
+      #endif
+      // Now init DFPlayer
+      // Send a query to the device to see if it responds
+      _deviceState = DEVSTATE_INITIALISING; 
+      sendPacket(0x42,0,0);
+      _timeoutTime = micros() + 5000000UL;  // 5 second timeout      
+      _awaitingResponse = true; 
+     }
+  
+  
+  void _loop(unsigned long currentMicros) override {
+    // Read responses from device
+    uint8_t status = _rb.status;
+    if (status == I2C_STATUS_PENDING) return;  // Busy, so don't do anything
+    if (status == I2C_STATUS_OK) { 
+      processIncoming(currentMicros);
+          // Check if a command sent to device has timed out.  Allow 0.5 second for response
+          // added retry counter, sometimes we do not sent keep alive due to other commands sent to DFPlayer
+      if (_awaitingResponse && (int32_t)(currentMicros - _timeoutTime) > 0) { // timeout triggered
+        if(_retryCounter == 0){ // retry counter out of luck, must take the device to failed state     
+          DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer:%s, DFPlayer not responding on UART channel: 0x%x"), _I2CAddress.toString(), _UART_CH);
+          _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
+          _awaitingResponse = false;
+          _playing = false;
+          _retryCounter = RETRYCOUNT;
+        } else { // timeout and retry protection and recovery of corrupt data frames from DFPlayer
+            #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_playing
+              DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: %s, DFPlayer timout, retry counter: %d on UART channel: 0x%x"), _I2CAddress.toString(), _retryCounter, _UART_CH);
+            #endif
+            _timeoutTime = currentMicros + 5000000UL;  // Timeout if no response within 5 seconds// reset timeout
+            _awaitingResponse = false; // trigger sending a keep alive 0x42 in processOutgoing()
+            _retryCounter --; // decrement retry counter                        
+            resetRX_fifo(); // reset the RX fifo as it has corrupt data            
+          }
+      }      
+    }
+
+    status = _rb.status;
+    if (status == I2C_STATUS_PENDING) return;  // Busy, try next time
+    if (status == I2C_STATUS_OK) {
+     // Send any commands that need to go.
+      processOutgoing(currentMicros);
+     }
+    delayUntil(currentMicros + 10000); // Only enter every 10ms    
+  }
+
+ 
+  // Check for incoming data, and update busy flag and other state accordingly
+ 
+  void processIncoming(unsigned long currentMicros) {
+    // Expected message is in the form "7E FF 06 3D xx xx xx xx xx EF"
+    RX_fifo_lvl();
+    if (FIFO_RX_LEVEL >= 10) {      
+      #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer
+        DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: %s Retrieving data from RX Fifo on UART_CH: 0x%x FIFO_RX_LEVEL: %d"),_I2CAddress.toString(), _UART_CH, FIFO_RX_LEVEL); 
+      #endif
+      _outbuffer[0] = REG_RHR << 3 | _UART_CH << 1;
+      // Only copy 10 bytes from RX FIFO, there maybe additional partial return data after a track is finished playing in the RX FIFO
+      I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, _inbuffer, 10, _outbuffer, 1); // inbuffer[] has the data now
+      //delayUntil(currentMicros + 10000); // Allow time to get the data
+      RX_BUFFER = 10; // We have copied 10 bytes from RX FIFO to _inbuffer
+        #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_data
+          DIAG(F("SC16IS752: At I2C: %s, UART channel: 0x%x, RX FIFO Data"), _I2CAddress.toString(), _UART_CH);
+          for (int i = 0; i < sizeof _inbuffer; i++){
+            DIAG(F("SC16IS752: Data _inbuffer[0x%x]: 0x%x"), i, _inbuffer[i]);  
+          }
+        #endif       
+    } else {
+        FIFO_RX_LEVEL = 0; //set to 0, we'll read a fresh FIFO_RX_LEVEL next time
+        return; // No data or not enough data in rx fifo, check again next time around
+      }
+
+    
+    bool ok = false;
+    //DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: RX_BUFFER: %d"), RX_BUFFER);
+    while (RX_BUFFER != 0) {
+      int c = _inbuffer[_inputIndex]; // Start at 0, increment to FIFO_RX_LEVEL
+      switch (_inputIndex) {
+        case 0:
+          if (c == 0x7E) ok = true;
+          break;
+        case 1:
+          if (c == 0xFF) ok = true;
+          break;
+        case 2:
+          if (c== 0x06) ok = true;
+          break;
+        case 3:
+          _recvCMD = c; // CMD byte
+          ok = true;
+          break;
+        case 6:
+          switch (_recvCMD) {
+            //DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: %s, _recvCMD: 0x%x _awaitingResponse: 0x0%x"),_I2CAddress.toString(), _recvCMD, _awaitingResponse);
+            case 0x42:
+              // Response to status query
+              _playing = (c != 0);              
+              // Mark the device online and cancel timeout
+              if (_deviceState==DEVSTATE_INITIALISING) {
+                _deviceState = DEVSTATE_NORMAL;
+                #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer
+                 DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: %s, UART_CH: 0x0%x, _deviceState: 0x0%x"),_I2CAddress.toString(), _UART_CH, _deviceState);
+                #endif 
+                #ifdef DIAG_IO
+                _display();
+                #endif
+              }
+              _awaitingResponse = false;
+              break;
+            case 0x3d:            
+              // End of play
+              if (_playing) {
+                #ifdef DIAG_IO
+                  DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: Finished"));
+                #endif
+                _playing = false;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 0x40:
+              // Error codes; 1: Module Busy
+              DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: Error %d returned from device"), c);
+              _playing = false;
+              break;
+          }
+          ok = true;
+          break;
+        case 4: case 5: case 7: case 8: 
+          ok = true;  // Skip over these bytes in message.
+          break;
+        case 9:
+          if (c==0xef) {
+            // Message finished
+            _retryCounter = RETRYCOUNT; // reset the retry counter as we have received a valid packet
+          }
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+      if (ok){
+        _inputIndex++;  // character as expected, so increment index
+        RX_BUFFER --; // Decrease FIFO_RX_LEVEL with each character read from _inbuffer[_inputIndex]
+      } else {
+        _inputIndex = 0;  // otherwise reset.
+        RX_BUFFER = 0;
+      }
+    }
+    RX_BUFFER = 0; //Set to 0, we'll read a new RX FIFO level again
+  }
+
+
+  // Send any commands that need to be sent
+  void processOutgoing(unsigned long currentMicros) {
+    // When two commands are sent in quick succession, the device will often fail to 
+    // execute one.  Testing has indicated that a delay of 100ms or more is required
+    // between successive commands to get reliable operation.
+    // If 100ms has elapsed since the last thing sent, then check if there's some output to do.
+    if (((int32_t)currentMicros - _commandSendTime) > 100000) {
+      if ( _resetCmd == true){
+          sendPacket(0x0C,0,0);
+          _resetCmd = false;          
+      } else if(_volCmd == true) { // do the volme before palying a track
+         if(_requestedVolumeLevel >= 0 && _requestedVolumeLevel <= 30){         
+         _currentVolume = _requestedVolumeLevel; // If _requestedVolumeLevel is out of range, sent _currentV1olume      
+         }
+         sendPacket(0x06, 0x00, _currentVolume);
+        _volCmd = false;
+      } else if (_playCmd == true) {
+        // Change song
+        if (_requestedSong != -1) {
+          #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_playing
+           DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: _requestedVolumeLevel: %u, _requestedSong: %u, _currentFolder: %u _playCmd: 0x%x"), _requestedVolumeLevel, _requestedSong, _currentFolder, _playCmd);
+          #endif               
+          sendPacket(0x0F, _currentFolder, _requestedSong);  // audio file in folder          
+          _requestedSong = -1; 
+          _playCmd = false;
+        }           
+      } //else if (_requestedSong == 0) {
+        else if (_stopplayCmd == true) {
+          #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_playing
+           DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: Stop playing: _stopplayCmd: 0x%x"), _stopplayCmd);
+          #endif
+        sendPacket(0x16, 0x00, 0x00);  // Stop playing        
+        _requestedSong = -1;
+        _repeat = false; // reset repeat        
+        _stopplayCmd = false;
+        } else if (_folderCmd == true) {
+          #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_playing
+           DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: Folder: _folderCmd: 0x%x, _requestedFolder: %d"), _stopplayCmd, _requestedFolder);
+          #endif
+          if (_currentFolder != _requestedFolder){
+            _currentFolder = _requestedFolder;
+          }
+          _folderCmd = false;
+      } else if (_repeatCmd == true) {
+        if(_repeat == false) { // No repeat play currently
+          #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_playing
+           DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: Repeat: _repeatCmd: 0x%x, _requestedSong: %d, _repeat: 0x0%x"), _repeatCmd, _requestedSong, _repeat);
+          #endif 
+          sendPacket(0x08, 0x00, _requestedSong);  // repeat playing audio file in root folder          
+          _requestedSong = -1;
+          _repeat = true; 
+        }
+        _repeatCmd= false;      
+      } else if (_daconCmd == true) { // Always turn DAC on
+        #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_playing
+          DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: DACON: _daconCmd: 0x%x"), _daconCmd);
+        #endif 
+        sendPacket(0x1A,0,0x00);
+        _daconCmd = false;
+      } else if (_eqCmd == true){ // Set Equalizer, values 0x00 - 0x05        
+        if (_currentEQvalue != _requestedEQValue){
+          #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_playing
+           DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: EQ: _eqCmd: 0x%x, _currentEQvalue: 0x0%x, _requestedEQValue: 0x0%x"), _eqCmd, _currentEQvalue, _requestedEQValue);
+          #endif 
+          _currentEQvalue = _requestedEQValue;
+          sendPacket(0x07,0x00,_currentEQvalue);
+        }
+        _eqCmd = false;
+      } else if (_setamCmd == true){ // Set Audio mixer channel
+         setGPIO(); // Set the audio mixer channel
+         /*        
+          if (_audioMixer == 1){ // set to audio mixer 1       
+            if (_UART_CH == 0){ 
+              TEMP_REG_VAL |= (0x01 << _UART_CH); //Set GPIO pin 0 to high
+            } else { // must be UART 1
+              TEMP_REG_VAL |= (0x01 << _UART_CH); //Set GPIO pin 1 to high
+              }
+           //_setamCmd = false;
+           //UART_WriteRegister(REG_IOSTATE, TEMP_REG_VAL);
+          } else { // set to audio mixer 2
+              if (_UART_CH == 0){ 
+                TEMP_REG_VAL &= (0x00 << _UART_CH); //Set GPIO pin 0 to Low
+              } else { // must be UART 1
+                TEMP_REG_VAL &= (0x00 << _UART_CH); //Set GPIO pin 1 to Low
+                }
+              //_setamCmd = false;
+              //UART_WriteRegister(REG_IOSTATE, TEMP_REG_VAL);
+            }*/
+        _setamCmd = false;        
+      } else if ((int32_t)currentMicros - _commandSendTime > 1000000) {
+        // Poll device every second that other commands aren't being sent,
+        // to check if it's still connected and responding.
+          #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_playing
+           DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: Send keepalive") );
+          #endif
+        sendPacket(0x42,0,0); 
+        if (!_awaitingResponse) {
+          #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_playing
+           DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: Send keepalive, _awaitingResponse: 0x0%x"), _awaitingResponse );
+          #endif
+          _timeoutTime = currentMicros + 5000000UL;  // Timeout if no response within 5 seconds
+          _awaitingResponse = true;
+        }
+      }
+    }  
+  }
+
+
+  // Write to a vPin will do nothing
+  void _write(VPIN vpin, int value) override {
+    if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return;
+      #ifdef DIAG_IO
+        DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: Writing to any vPin not supported"));
+      #endif
+  }
+
+
+  // WriteAnalogue on first pin uses the nominated value as a file number to start playing, if file number > 0.
+  // Volume may be specified as second parameter to writeAnalogue.
+  // If value is zero, the player stops playing.  
+  // WriteAnalogue on second pin sets the output volume.
+  //
+  // WriteAnalogue to be done on first vpin
+  //
+  //void _writeAnalogue(VPIN vpin, int value, uint8_t volume=0, uint16_t=0) override { 
+  void _writeAnalogue(VPIN vpin, int value, uint8_t volume=0, uint16_t cmd=0) override { 
+    if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return;    
+    #ifdef DIAG_IO
+      DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: VPIN:%u FileNo:%d Volume:%d Command:0x%x"), vpin, value, volume, cmd);
+    #endif
+    uint8_t pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
+    if (pin == 0) { // Enhanced DFPlayer commands, do nothing if not vPin 0     
+     // Read command and value
+      switch (cmd){
+       //case NONE:
+       // DFPlayerCmd = cmd;
+       // break;
+       case PLAY:
+        _playCmd = true;
+        _volCmd = true;        
+        _requestedSong = value;
+        _requestedVolumeLevel = volume; 
+        _playing = true;        
+        break;
+        case VOL:
+          _volCmd = true;          
+          _requestedVolumeLevel = volume;
+        break;
+       case FOLDER:
+        _folderCmd = true;
+        if (volume <= 0 || volume > 99){ // Range checking, valid values 1-99, else default to 1
+          _requestedFolder = 0x01; // if outside range, default to folder 01  
+        } else {
+          _requestedFolder = volume;
+        }        
+        break;
+       case REPEATPLAY: // Need to check if _repeat == true, if so do nothing        
+        if (_repeat == false) {
+           #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_playing
+              DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: WriteAnalog Repeat: _repeat: 0x0%x, value: %d _repeatCmd: 0x%x"), _repeat, value, _repeatCmd);
+           #endif
+          _repeatCmd = true;          
+          _requestedSong = value;
+          _requestedVolumeLevel = volume;
+          _playing = true;         
+        }
+        break;
+       case STOPPLAY:
+        _stopplayCmd = true;        
+        break;
+       case EQ:
+        #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_playing
+          DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: WriteAnalog EQ: cmd: 0x%x, EQ value: 0x%x"), cmd, volume);
+        #endif
+        _eqCmd = true;        
+        if (volume <= 0 || volume > 5) { // If out of range, default to NORMAL
+          _requestedEQValue = NORMAL;            
+        } else { // Valid EQ parameter range
+          _requestedEQValue = volume;     
+          }
+        break;        
+       case RESET:
+        _resetCmd = true;      
+        break; 
+       case DACON: // Works, but without the DACOFF command limited value, except when not relying on DFPlayer default to turn the DAC on
+        #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_playing
+          DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: WrtieAnalog DACON: cmd: 0x%x"), cmd);
+        #endif
+        _daconCmd = true;
+        break;
+        case SETAM: // Set the audio mixer channel to 1 or 2
+          _setamCmd = true;
+          #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_playing
+            DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer: WrtieAnalog SETAM: cmd: 0x%x"), cmd);
+          #endif
+          if (volume <= 0 || volume > 2) { // If out of range, default to 1
+            _audioMixer = 1;            
+          } else { // Valid SETAM parameter in range
+              _audioMixer = volume; // _audioMixer valid values 1 or 2
+            }          
+        break;
+       default:
+        break;
+      }
+    }    
+  }
+
+  // A read on any pin indicates if the player is still playing.
+  int _read(VPIN vpin) override {
+    if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return false;
+    uint8_t pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
+      if (pin == 0) { // Do nothing if not vPin 0
+        return _playing;
+      }
+    }
+
+  void _display() override {
+    DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer Configured on Vpins:%u-%u %S"), _firstVpin, _firstVpin+_nPins-1,
+      (_deviceState==DEVSTATE_FAILED) ? F("OFFLINE") : F(""));
+  }
+  
+private: 
+  // DFPlayer command frame
+  // 7E FF 06 0F 00 01 01 xx xx EF
+  // 0	  ->	7E is start code
+  // 1	  ->	FF is version
+  // 2	  ->	06 is length
+  // 3	  ->	0F is command
+  // 4	  ->	00 is no receive
+  // 5~6	->	01 01 is argument
+  // 7~8	->	checksum = 0 - ( FF+06+0F+00+01+01 )
+  // 9	  ->	EF is end code
+
+  void sendPacket(uint8_t command, uint8_t arg1 = 0, uint8_t arg2 = 0) {
+    FIFO_TX_LEVEL = 0; // Reset FIFO_TX_LEVEL    
+    uint8_t out[] = {
+        0x7E,
+        0xFF,
+        06,
+        command,
+        00,
+        //static_cast<uint8_t>(arg >> 8),
+        //static_cast<uint8_t>(arg & 0x00ff),
+        arg1,
+        arg2,
+        00,
+        00,
+        0xEF };
+
+    setChecksum(out);
+
+      // Prepend the DFPlayer command with REG address and UART Channel in _outbuffer
+      _outbuffer[0] = REG_THR << 3 | _UART_CH << 1; //TX FIFO and UART Channel      
+      for ( int i = 1; i < sizeof(out)+1 ; i++){
+        _outbuffer[i] = out[i-1];
+      }
+
+      #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_data
+       DIAG(F("SC16IS752: I2C: %s Sent packet function"), _I2CAddress.toString());
+       for (int i = 0; i < sizeof _outbuffer; i++){
+        DIAG(F("SC16IS752: Data _outbuffer[0x%x]: 0x%x"), i, _outbuffer[i]);  
+       }
+      #endif
+      
+    TX_fifo_lvl();
+    if(FIFO_TX_LEVEL > 0){ //FIFO is empty
+      I2CManager.write(_I2CAddress, _outbuffer, sizeof(_outbuffer), &_rb);
+      //I2CManager.write(_I2CAddress, _outbuffer, sizeof(_outbuffer));
+      #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer
+       DIAG(F("SC16IS752: I2C: %s data transmit complete on UART: 0x%x"), _I2CAddress.toString(), _UART_CH);
+      #endif
+    } else {
+      DIAG(F("I2CDFPlayer at: %s, TX FIFO not empty on UART: 0x%x"), _I2CAddress.toString(), _UART_CH);
+      _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED; // This should not happen      
+    }
+    _commandSendTime = micros();
+  }
+
+  uint16_t calcChecksum(uint8_t* packet)
+  {
+    uint16_t sum = 0;
+    for (int i = 1; i < 7; i++)
+    {
+      sum += packet[i];
+    }
+    return -sum;
+  }
+
+  void setChecksum(uint8_t* out)
+  {
+    uint16_t sum = calcChecksum(out);
+    out[7] = (sum >> 8);
+    out[8] = (sum & 0xff);
+  }
+
+  // SC16IS752 functions
+  // Initialise SC16IS752 only for this channel
+  // First a software reset
+  // Enable FIFO and clear TX & RX FIFO
+  // Need to set the following registers
+  // IOCONTROL set bit 1 and 2 to 0 indicating that they are GPIO
+  // IODIR set all bit to 1 indicating al are output
+  // IOSTATE set only bit 0 to 1 for UART 0, or only bit 1 for UART 1  // 
+  // LCR bit 7=0 divisor latch (clock division registers DLH & DLL, they store 16 bit divisor), 
+  //     WORD_LEN, STOP_BIT, PARITY_ENA and PARITY_TYPE
+  // MCR bit 7=0 clock divisor devide-by-1 clock input
+  // DLH most significant part of divisor
+  // DLL least significant part of divisor
+  //
+  // BAUD_RATE, WORD_LEN, STOP_BIT, PARITY_ENA and PARITY_TYPE have been defined and initialized
+  // 
+  void Init_SC16IS752(){ // Return value is in _deviceState
+    #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer
+      DIAG(F("SC16IS752: Initialize I2C: %s , UART Ch: 0x%x"), _I2CAddress.toString(),  _UART_CH);      
+    #endif
+    uint16_t _divisor = (SC16IS752_XTAL_FREQ / PRESCALER) / (BAUD_RATE * 16);
+    TEMP_REG_VAL = 0x08; // UART Software reset
+    UART_WriteRegister(REG_IOCONTROL, TEMP_REG_VAL);
+    TEMP_REG_VAL = 0x00; // Set pins to GPIO mode
+    UART_WriteRegister(REG_IOCONTROL, TEMP_REG_VAL);
+    TEMP_REG_VAL = 0xFF; //Set all pins as output
+    UART_WriteRegister(REG_IODIR, TEMP_REG_VAL);
+    UART_ReadRegister(REG_IOSTATE); // Read current state as not to overwrite the other GPIO pins
+    TEMP_REG_VAL = _inbuffer[0];
+    setGPIO(); // Set the audio mixer channel
+    /*
+    if (_UART_CH == 0){ // Set Audio mixer channel
+      TEMP_REG_VAL |= (0x01 << _UART_CH); //Set GPIO pin 0 to high
+    } else { // must be UART 1
+      TEMP_REG_VAL |= (0x01 << _UART_CH); //Set GPIO pin 1 to high
+    }
+    UART_WriteRegister(REG_IOSTATE, TEMP_REG_VAL);
+    */
+    TEMP_REG_VAL = 0x07; // Reset FIFO, clear RX & TX FIFO
+    UART_WriteRegister(REG_FCR, TEMP_REG_VAL);
+    TEMP_REG_VAL = 0x00; // Set MCR to all 0, includes Clock divisor
+    UART_WriteRegister(REG_MCR, TEMP_REG_VAL);
+    TEMP_REG_VAL = 0x80 | WORD_LEN | STOP_BIT | PARITY_ENA | PARITY_TYPE;
+    UART_WriteRegister(REG_LCR, TEMP_REG_VAL); // Divisor latch enabled
+    UART_WriteRegister(REG_DLL, (uint8_t)_divisor);  // Write DLL
+    UART_WriteRegister(REG_DLH, (uint8_t)(_divisor >> 8)); // Write DLH
+    UART_ReadRegister(REG_LCR);
+    TEMP_REG_VAL = _inbuffer[0] & 0x7F; // Disable Divisor latch enabled bit
+    UART_WriteRegister(REG_LCR, TEMP_REG_VAL); // Divisor latch disabled  
+
+    uint8_t status = _rb.status;
+    if (status != I2C_STATUS_OK) {
+      DIAG(F("SC16IS752: I2C: %s failed %S"), _I2CAddress.toString(), I2CManager.getErrorMessage(status));
+      _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
+    } else {
+      #ifdef DIAG_IO
+       DIAG(F("SC16IS752: I2C: %s, _deviceState: %S"), _I2CAddress.toString(), I2CManager.getErrorMessage(status));
+      #endif
+     _deviceState = DEVSTATE_NORMAL; // If I2C state is OK, then proceed to initialize DFPlayer 
+    }
+  }
+
+  
+  // Read the Receive FIFO Level register (RXLVL), return a single unsigned integer
+  // of nr of characters in the RX FIFO, bit 6:0, 7 not used, set to zero
+  // value from 0 (0x00) to 64 (0x40) Only display if RX FIFO has data
+  // The RX fifo level is used to check if there are enough bytes to process a frame
+  void RX_fifo_lvl(){
+    UART_ReadRegister(REG_RXLV);
+    FIFO_RX_LEVEL = _inbuffer[0];
+    #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer
+     if (FIFO_RX_LEVEL > 0){
+     //if (FIFO_RX_LEVEL > 0 && FIFO_RX_LEVEL < 10){
+      DIAG(F("SC16IS752: At I2C: %s, UART channel: 0x%x, FIFO_RX_LEVEL: 0d%d"), _I2CAddress.toString(), _UART_CH, _inbuffer[0]);
+    }
+    #endif   
+  }
+
+  // When a frame is transmitted from the DFPlayer to the serial port, and at the same time the CS is sending a 42 query
+  // the following two frames from the DFPlayer are corrupt. This result in the receive buffer being out of sync and the 
+  // CS will complain and generate a timeout.
+  // The RX fifo has corrupt data and need to be flushed, this function does that
+  // 
+  void resetRX_fifo(){
+    #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer
+      DIAG(F("SC16IS752: At I2C: %s, UART channel: 0x%x, RX fifo reset"), _I2CAddress.toString(), _UART_CH);
+    #endif    
+    TEMP_REG_VAL = 0x03; // Reset RX fifo
+    UART_WriteRegister(REG_FCR, TEMP_REG_VAL);
+  }
+
+  // Set or reset GPIO pin 0 and 1 depending on the UART ch
+  // This function may be modified in a future release to enable all 8 pins to be set or reset with EX-Rail
+  // for various auxilary functions
+  void setGPIO(){
+    UART_ReadRegister(REG_IOSTATE); // Get the current GPIO pins state from the IOSTATE register
+    TEMP_REG_VAL = _inbuffer[0];
+    if (_audioMixer == 1){ // set to audio mixer 1
+      if (_UART_CH == 0){ 
+        TEMP_REG_VAL |= (0x01 << _UART_CH); //Set GPIO pin 0 to high
+      } else { // must be UART 1
+         TEMP_REG_VAL |= (0x01 << _UART_CH); //Set GPIO pin 1 to high
+        }
+    } else { // set to audio mixer 2
+        if (_UART_CH == 0){ 
+          TEMP_REG_VAL &= ~(0x01 << _UART_CH); //Set GPIO pin 0 to Low
+        } else { // must be UART 1
+           TEMP_REG_VAL &= ~(0x01 << _UART_CH); //Set GPIO pin 1 to Low
+          }
+      }    
+    UART_WriteRegister(REG_IOSTATE, TEMP_REG_VAL);
+    _setamCmd = false;  
+  }
+  
+
+  // Read the Tranmit FIFO Level register (TXLVL), return a single unsigned integer
+  // of nr characters free in the TX FIFO, bit 6:0, 7 not used, set to zero
+  // value from 0 (0x00) to 64 (0x40)
+  //
+  void TX_fifo_lvl(){
+    UART_ReadRegister(REG_TXLV);
+    FIFO_TX_LEVEL = _inbuffer[0];
+    #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer
+    //  DIAG(F("SC16IS752: At I2C: %s, UART channel: 0x%x, FIFO_TX_LEVEL: 0d%d"), _I2CAddress.toString(), _UART_CH, FIFO_TX_LEVEL);
+    #endif 
+  }
+
+
+  //void UART_WriteRegister(I2CAddress _I2CAddress, uint8_t _UART_CH, uint8_t UART_REG, uint8_t Val, I2CRB &_rb){
+  void UART_WriteRegister(uint8_t UART_REG, uint8_t Val){
+    _outbuffer[0] = UART_REG << 3 | _UART_CH << 1;
+    _outbuffer[1] = Val;
+    #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_reg
+      DIAG(F("SC16IS752: Write register at I2C: %s, UART channel: 0x%x, Register: 0x%x, Data: 0b%b"), _I2CAddress.toString(), _UART_CH, UART_REG, _outbuffer[1]);
+    #endif
+    I2CManager.write(_I2CAddress, _outbuffer, 2);
+  }
+
+ 
+  void UART_ReadRegister(uint8_t UART_REG){
+     _outbuffer[0] = UART_REG << 3 | _UART_CH << 1; // _outbuffer[0] has now UART_REG and UART_CH
+     I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, _inbuffer, 1, _outbuffer, 1);    
+    // _inbuffer has the REG data
+    #ifdef DIAG_I2CDFplayer_reg
+      DIAG(F("SC16IS752: Read register at I2C: %s, UART channel: 0x%x, Register: 0x%x, Data: 0b%b"), _I2CAddress.toString(), _UART_CH, UART_REG, _inbuffer[0]);
+    #endif
+  }
+
+// SC16IS752 General register set (from the datasheet)
+enum : uint8_t{
+    REG_RHR       = 0x00, // FIFO Read
+    REG_THR       = 0x00, // FIFO Write
+    REG_IER       = 0x01, // Interrupt Enable Register R/W
+    REG_FCR       = 0x02, // FIFO Control Register Write
+    REG_IIR       = 0x02, // Interrupt Identification Register Read
+    REG_LCR       = 0x03, // Line Control Register R/W
+    REG_MCR       = 0x04, // Modem Control Register R/W
+    REG_LSR       = 0x05, // Line Status Register Read
+    REG_MSR       = 0x06, // Modem Status Register Read
+    REG_SPR       = 0x07, // Scratchpad Register R/W
+    REG_TCR       = 0x06, // Transmission Control Register R/W
+    REG_TLR       = 0x07, // Trigger Level Register R/W    
+    REG_TXLV      = 0x08, // Transmitter FIFO Level register Read
+    REG_RXLV      = 0x09, // Receiver FIFO Level register Read
+    REG_IODIR     = 0x0A, // Programmable I/O pins Direction register R/W
+    REG_IOSTATE   = 0x0B, // Programmable I/O pins State register R/W
+    REG_IOINTENA  = 0x0C, // I/O Interrupt Enable register R/W
+    REG_IOCONTROL = 0x0E, // I/O Control register R/W
+    REG_EFCR      = 0x0F, // Extra Features Control Register R/W
+  };
+
+// SC16IS752 Special register set
+enum : uint8_t{
+    REG_DLL       = 0x00, // Division registers R/W
+    REG_DLH       = 0x01, // Division registers R/W
+  };
+
+// SC16IS752 Enhanced regiter set
+enum : uint8_t{
+    REG_EFR       = 0X02, // Enhanced Features Register R/W
+    REG_XON1      = 0x04, // R/W
+    REG_XON2      = 0x05, // R/W
+    REG_XOFF1     = 0x06, // R/W
+    REG_XOFF2     = 0x07, // R/W
+  };
+
+// DFPlayer commands and values
+enum  : uint8_t{
+    PLAY          = 0x0F,
+    VOL           = 0x06,
+    FOLDER        = 0x2B, // Not a DFPlayer command, used to set folder nr where audio file is
+    REPEATPLAY    = 0x08,
+    STOPPLAY      = 0x16,
+    EQ            = 0x07, // Set equaliser, require parameter NORMAL, POP, ROCK, JAZZ, CLASSIC or BASS
+    RESET         = 0x0C,
+    DACON         = 0x1A,
+    SETAM         = 0x2A, // Set audio mixer 1 or 2 for this DFPLayer   
+    NORMAL        = 0x00, // Equalizer parameters
+    POP           = 0x01,
+    ROCK          = 0x02,
+    JAZZ          = 0x03,
+    CLASSIC       = 0x04,
+    BASS          = 0x05,    
+  };
+
+};
+
+#endif // IO_I2CDFPlayer_h

IO_Template.h

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+
+/*
+* Creation - a create() function and constructor are required;
+* Initialisation - a _begin() function is written (optional);
+* Background operations - a _loop() function is written (optional);
+* Operations - you can optionally supply any of _write() (digital) function, _writeAnalogue() function, _read() (digital) function and _readAnalogue() function.
+*
+*
+*
+*
+*
+*
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef IO_MYDEVICE_H
+#define IO_MYDEVICE_H
+
+#include "IODevice.h"
+#include "DIAG.h"  // for DIAG calls
+
+class MyDevice: public IODevice {
+public:
+  // Constructor
+  MyDevice(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins) {
+    _firstVpin = firstVpin;
+    _nPins = min(nPins,16);
+    // Other object initialisation here
+    // ...
+    addDevice(this);
+  }
+  static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, uint8_t i2cAddress) {
+    new MyDevice(firstVpin, nPins);
+  }
+private:
+  void _begin() override {
+    // Initialise device
+    // ...
+  }
+  void _loop(unsigned long currentMicros) override {
+    // Regular operations, e.g. acquire data
+    // ...
+    delayUntil(currentMicros + 10*1000UL);  // 10ms till next entry
+  }
+  int _readAnalogue(VPIN vpin) override {
+    // Return acquired data value, e.g.
+    int pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
+    return _value[pin];
+  }
+  int _read(VPIN vpin) override {
+    // Return acquired data value, e.g.
+    int pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
+    return _value[pin];
+  }
+  void write(VPIN vpin, int value) override {
+    // Do something with value , e.g. write to device.
+    // ...
+  }
+  void writeAnalogue(VPIN vpin, int value) override {
+    // Do something with value, e.g. write to device.
+    // ...
+  }
+  void _display() override {
+    DIAG(F("MyDevice Configured on Vpins:%d-%d %S"), _firstVpin, _firstVpin+_nPins-1,
+      _deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED ? F("OFFLINE") : F(""));
+  }
+  uint16_t _value[16];
+};
+#endif // IO_MYDEVICE_H

KeywordHasher.h

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ *  © 2024 Vincent Hamp and Chris Harlow
+ *  All rights reserved.
+ *  
+ *  This file is part of CommandStation-EX
+ *
+ *  This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with CommandStation.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+
+/* Reader be aware: 
+ This function implements the _hk data type so that a string keyword
+ is hashed to the same value as the DCCEXParser uses to hash incoming 
+ keywords. 
+ Thus  "MAIN"_hk  generates exactly the same run time vakue 
+ as   const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_MAIN=11339  
+*/
+#ifndef KeywordHAsher_h
+#define KeywordHasher_h
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+constexpr uint16_t CompiletimeKeywordHasher(const char *  sv, uint16_t running=0) {
+    return (*sv==0) ? running : CompiletimeKeywordHasher(sv+1,
+          (*sv >= '0' && *sv <= '9') 
+            ? (10*running+*sv-'0')  // Numeric hash  
+            : ((running << 5) + running) ^ *sv
+            );  // 
+}
+
+constexpr int16_t operator""_hk(const char * keyword, size_t len) 
+{
+    return (int16_t) CompiletimeKeywordHasher(keyword,len*0);
+}
+
+/* Some historical values for testing:
+const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_MAIN = 11339;
+const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_SLOW = -17209;
+const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_SPEED28 = -17064;
+const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_SPEED128 = 25816;
+*/
+
+static_assert("MAIN"_hk == 11339,"Keyword hasher error");
+static_assert("SLOW"_hk == -17209,"Keyword hasher error");
+static_assert("SPEED28"_hk == -17064,"Keyword hasher error");
+static_assert("SPEED128"_hk == 25816,"Keyword hasher error");
+#endif

TrackManager.cpp

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "DIAG.h"
 #include "CommandDistributor.h"
 #include "DCCEXParser.h"
+#include "KeywordHasher.h"
 // Virtualised Motor shield multi-track hardware Interface
 #define FOR_EACH_TRACK(t) for (byte t=0;t<=lastTrack;t++)
     
@@ -36,21 +37,6 @@
         FOR_EACH_TRACK(t) \
 	    if (track[t]->getMode()==findmode)	\
                 track[t]->function;
-#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_PROG = -29718;
-#endif
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_MAIN = 11339;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_OFF = 22479;  
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_NONE = -26550;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_DC = 2183;  
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_DCX = 6463; // DC reversed polarity 
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_EXT = 8201; // External DCC signal
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_A = 65; // parser makes single chars the ascii.   
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_AUTO = -5457;
-#ifdef BOOSTER_INPUT
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_BOOST = 11269;
-#endif
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_INV = 11857;
 
 MotorDriver * TrackManager::track[MAX_TRACKS];
 int16_t TrackManager::trackDCAddr[MAX_TRACKS];
@@ -363,38 +349,38 @@ bool TrackManager::parseEqualSign(Print *stream, int16_t params, int16_t p[])
         
     }
     
-    p[0]-=HASH_KEYWORD_A;  // convert A... to 0.... 
+    p[0]-="A"_hk;  // convert A... to 0.... 
 
     if (params>1 && (p[0]<0 || p[0]>=MAX_TRACKS)) 
         return false;
     
-    if (params==2  && p[1]==HASH_KEYWORD_MAIN) // <= id MAIN>
+    if (params==2  && p[1]=="MAIN"_hk) // <= id MAIN>
         return setTrackMode(p[0],TRACK_MODE_MAIN);
     
 #ifndef DISABLE_PROG
-    if (params==2  && p[1]==HASH_KEYWORD_PROG) // <= id PROG>
+    if (params==2  && p[1]=="PROG"_hk) // <= id PROG>
         return setTrackMode(p[0],TRACK_MODE_PROG);
 #endif
     
-    if (params==2  && (p[1]==HASH_KEYWORD_OFF || p[1]==HASH_KEYWORD_NONE)) // <= id OFF> <= id NONE>
+    if (params==2  && (p[1]=="OFF"_hk || p[1]=="NONE"_hk)) // <= id OFF> <= id NONE>
         return setTrackMode(p[0],TRACK_MODE_NONE);
 
-    if (params==2  && p[1]==HASH_KEYWORD_EXT) // <= id EXT>
+    if (params==2  && p[1]=="EXT"_hk) // <= id EXT>
         return setTrackMode(p[0],TRACK_MODE_EXT);
 #ifdef BOOSTER_INPUT
-    if (params==2  && p[1]==HASH_KEYWORD_BOOST) // <= id BOOST>
+    if (params==2  && p[1]=="BOOST"_hk) // <= id BOOST>
         return setTrackMode(p[0],TRACK_MODE_BOOST);
 #endif
-    if (params==2  && p[1]==HASH_KEYWORD_AUTO) // <= id AUTO>
+    if (params==2  && p[1]=="AUTO"_hk) // <= id AUTO>
       return setTrackMode(p[0], track[p[0]]->getMode() | TRACK_MODE_AUTOINV);
 
-    if (params==2  && p[1]==HASH_KEYWORD_INV) // <= id AUTO>
+    if (params==2  && p[1]=="INV"_hk) // <= id AUTO>
       return setTrackMode(p[0], track[p[0]]->getMode() | TRACK_MODE_INV);
 
-    if (params==3  && p[1]==HASH_KEYWORD_DC && p[2]>0) // <= id DC cab>
+    if (params==3  && p[1]=="DC"_hk && p[2]>0) // <= id DC cab>
         return setTrackMode(p[0],TRACK_MODE_DC,p[2]);
     
-    if (params==3  && p[1]==HASH_KEYWORD_DCX && p[2]>0) // <= id DCX cab>
+    if (params==3  && p[1]=="DCX"_hk && p[2]>0) // <= id DCX cab>
         return setTrackMode(p[0],TRACK_MODE_DC|TRACK_MODE_INV,p[2]);
 
     return false;

WifiInterface.cpp

@@ -71,8 +71,9 @@ Stream * WifiInterface::wifiStream;
 #elif defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F413ZH) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F429ZI) \
     || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F446ZE) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F412ZG) \
     || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F439ZI)
-#define NUM_SERIAL 2
+#define NUM_SERIAL 3
 #define SERIAL1 Serial6
+#define SERIAL3 Serial2
 #else
 #warning This variant of Nucleo not yet explicitly supported
 #endif

config.example.h

@@ -222,6 +222,14 @@ The configuration file for DCC-EX Command Station
 // We do not support to use the same address, for example 100(long) and 100(short)
 // at the same time, there must be a border.
 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Some newer 32bit microcontrollers boot very quickly, so powering on I2C and other
+// peripheral devices at the same time may result in the CommandStation booting too
+// quickly to detect them.
+// To work around this, uncomment the STARTUP_DELAY line below and set a value in
+// milliseconds that works for your environment, default is 3000 (3 seconds).
+// #define STARTUP_DELAY 3000
+
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //
 // DEFINE TURNOUTS/ACCESSORIES FOLLOW NORM RCN-213

myHal.cpp_example.txt

@@ -25,6 +25,16 @@
 //#include "IO_EXTurntable.h"   // Turntable-EX turntable controller
 //#include "IO_EXFastClock.h"  // FastClock driver
 //#include "IO_PCA9555.h"     // 16-bit I/O expander (NXP & Texas Instruments).
+//#include "IO_CMRI.h"      //  CMRI nodes
+
+//==========================================================================
+//  also for CMRI connection using RS485 TTL module
+//==========================================================================
+//  define UARt2 pins for ESP32 Rx=16, Tx=17 -- can conflict if sabertooth defined
+//HardwareSerial mySerial2(2); // use UART2
+//
+//  for SERIAL_8N2 include this in config.h  
+//              #define ARDUINOCMRI_COMPATIBLE
 
 //==========================================================================
 // The function halSetup() is invoked from CS if it exists within the build.
@@ -34,6 +44,36 @@
 
 void halSetup() {
 
+//==========================================================================
+//   CMRI bus and nodes defined
+//==========================================================================
+// further explanation in IO_CMRI.h
+// this example is being used to test connection of existing CMRI device
+// add lines to myHal.cpp within halSetup()
+
+// for ESP32
+//mySerial2.begin(9600, SERIAL_8N2, 16, 17);  // ESP32 to define pins  also check DCCTimerESP.cpp
+//CMRIbus::create(0, mySerial2, 9600, 500, 4);  // for ESP32
+
+// for Mega
+//CMRIbus::create(0, Serial3, 9600, 500, 38);  // for Mega - Serial3 already defined
+ // bus=0 always, unless multiple serial ports are used
+ // baud=9600 to match setting in existing CMRI nodes
+ // cycletime.. 500ms is default -- more frequent might be needed on master
+ // pin..  DE/!RE pins tied together on TTL RS485 module.
+ // pin 38 should work on Mega and F411RE (pin D38 aka PB12 on CN10_16)
+ 
+//CMRInode::create(900, 72, 0, 4, 'M');
+//CMRInode::create(1000, 72, 0, 5, 'M');
+ // bus=0 must agree with bus in CMRIbus
+ // node=4 number to agree with node numbering
+ // 'M' is for SMINI.
+ // Starting VPin, Number of VPins=72 for SMINI
+//==========================================================================
+//         end of CMRI
+//==========================================================================
+
+
   //=======================================================================
   // The following directives define auxiliary display devices.
   // These can be defined in addition to the system display (display
@@ -234,6 +274,23 @@ void halSetup() {
   // DFPlayer::create(10000, 10, Serial1);
 
 
+  //=======================================================================
+  // Play mp3 files from a Micro-SD card, using a DFPlayer MP3 Module on a SC16IS752 I2C Dual UART
+  //=======================================================================
+  // DFPlayer via NXP SC16IS752 I2C Dual UART. Each device has 2 UARTs on a single I2C address
+  // Total nr of devices on an I2C bus is 16, with 2 UARTs on each address making a total of 32 UARTs per I2C bus
+  // I2C address range 0x48 - 0x57
+  // I2CDFPlayer::create(1st vPin,vPins, I2C address, UART ch);
+
+  // I2CDFPlayer::create(10000, 10, 0x48, 0);
+  // I2CDFPlayer::create(10010, 10, 0x48, 1);
+
+  // Multiplexer example
+  // I2CDFPlayer::create(10020, 10, {I2CMux_0, SubBus_0, 0x50}, 0);
+
+
+
+
   //=======================================================================
   // 16-pad capacitative touch key pad based on TP229 IC.
   //=======================================================================

mySetup_h_cmri.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// mySetup.h
+// defining CMRI accessories
+// CMRI connections defined in myHal.cpp
+//
+// this is for testing.
+SETUP("D CMD 1");
+//  Turnouts defined in myAutomation.h can include descriptions which will appear in Engine Driver
+//  Sensors and digital outputs do not require pre-definition for use in EXRAIL automation
+//
+// SMINI emulation node 24-input/48-outputs
+// the sketch I use
+// 16 or 24 input pins
+// 32 or 48 output pins 
+//
+// Define 16 input pins 1000-1015
+SETUP("S 1000 1000 1");
+SETUP("S 1001 1001 1");
+SETUP("S 1002 1002 1");
+SETUP("S 1003 1003 1");
+SETUP("S 1004 1004 1");
+SETUP("S 1005 1005 1");
+SETUP("S 1006 1006 1");
+SETUP("S 1007 1007 1");
+SETUP("S 1008 1008 1");
+SETUP("S 1009 1009 1");
+SETUP("S 1010 1010 1");
+SETUP("S 1011 1011 1");
+SETUP("S 1012 1012 1");
+SETUP("S 1013 1013 1");
+SETUP("S 1014 1014 1");
+SETUP("S 1015 1015 1");
+//
+//  define 16 turnouts using VPIN (for Throw/Close commands via CMRI)
+SETUP("T 1024 VPIN 1024");
+SETUP("T 1025 VPIN 1025");
+SETUP("T 1026 VPIN 1026");
+SETUP("T 1027 VPIN 1027");
+SETUP("T 1028 VPIN 1028");
+SETUP("T 1029 VPIN 1029");
+SETUP("T 1030 VPIN 1030");
+SETUP("T 1031 VPIN 1031");
+SETUP("T 1032 VPIN 1032");
+SETUP("T 1033 VPIN 1033");
+SETUP("T 1034 VPIN 1034");
+SETUP("T 1035 VPIN 1035");
+SETUP("T 1036 VPIN 1036");
+SETUP("T 1037 VPIN 1037");
+SETUP("T 1038 VPIN 1038");
+SETUP("T 1039 VPIN 1039");
+//
+//  define 16 pins for digital outputs
+SETUP("Z 1040 1040 0");
+SETUP("Z 1041 1041 0");
+SETUP("Z 1042 1042 0");
+SETUP("Z 1043 1043 0");
+SETUP("Z 1044 1044 0");
+SETUP("Z 1045 1045 0");
+SETUP("Z 1046 1046 0");
+SETUP("Z 1047 1047 0");
+SETUP("Z 1048 1048 0");
+SETUP("Z 1049 1049 0");
+SETUP("Z 1050 1050 0");
+SETUP("Z 1051 1051 0");
+SETUP("Z 1052 1052 0");
+SETUP("Z 1053 1053 0");
+SETUP("Z 1054 1054 0");
+SETUP("Z 1055 1055 0");
+//
+//  additional 16 outputs available 1056-1071
+//SETUP("Z 1056 1056 0");
+//
+//  CMRI sketch used for testing available here
+//  https://www.trainboard.com/highball/index.php?threads/24-in-48-out-card-for-jmri.116454/page-2#post-1141569
+//
+
+// Define 16 input pins 900-915
+SETUP("S 900 900 1");
+SETUP("S 901 901 1");
+SETUP("S 902 902 1");
+SETUP("S 903 903 1");
+SETUP("S 904 904 1");
+SETUP("S 905 905 1");
+SETUP("S 906 906 1");
+SETUP("S 907 907 1");
+SETUP("S 908 908 1");
+SETUP("S 909 909 1");
+SETUP("S 910 910 1");
+SETUP("S 911 911 1");
+SETUP("S 912 912 1");
+SETUP("S 913 913 1");
+SETUP("S 914 914 1");
+SETUP("S 915 915 1");
+//
+//  define 16 turnouts using VPIN (for Throw/Close commands via CMRI)
+SETUP("T 924 VPIN 924");
+SETUP("T 925 VPIN 925");
+SETUP("T 926 VPIN 926");
+SETUP("T 927 VPIN 927");
+SETUP("T 928 VPIN 928");
+SETUP("T 929 VPIN 929");
+SETUP("T 930 VPIN 930");
+SETUP("T 931 VPIN 931");
+SETUP("T 932 VPIN 932");
+SETUP("T 933 VPIN 933");
+SETUP("T 934 VPIN 934");
+SETUP("T 935 VPIN 935");
+SETUP("T 936 VPIN 936");
+SETUP("T 937 VPIN 937");
+SETUP("T 938 VPIN 938");
+SETUP("T 939 VPIN 939");
+//
+//  define 16 pins for digital outputs
+SETUP("Z 940 940 0");
+SETUP("Z 941 941 0");
+SETUP("Z 942 942 0");
+SETUP("Z 943 943 0");
+SETUP("Z 944 944 0");
+SETUP("Z 945 945 0");
+SETUP("Z 946 946 0");
+SETUP("Z 947 947 0");
+SETUP("Z 948 948 0");
+SETUP("Z 949 949 0");
+SETUP("Z 950 950 0");
+SETUP("Z 951 951 0");
+SETUP("Z 952 952 0");
+SETUP("Z 953 953 0");
+SETUP("Z 954 954 0");
+SETUP("Z 955 955 0");

platformio.ini

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ include_dir = .
 
 [env]
 build_flags = -Wall -Wextra
-; monitor_filters = time
 
 [env:samd21-dev-usb]
 platform = atmelsam
@@ -245,18 +244,32 @@ monitor_echo = yes
 
 ; Experimental - Ethernet work still in progress
 ;
-; [env:Nucleo-F429ZI]
+[env:Nucleo-F429ZI]
-; platform = ststm32
+platform = ststm32
-; board = nucleo_f429zi
+board = nucleo_f429zi
-; framework = arduino
+framework = arduino
-; lib_deps = ${env.lib_deps}
+lib_deps = ${env.lib_deps}
-; 			arduino-libraries/Ethernet @ ^2.0.1
+			stm32duino/STM32Ethernet @ ^1.3.0
-; 			stm32duino/STM32Ethernet @ ^1.3.0
+			stm32duino/STM32duino LwIP @ ^2.1.2
-; 			stm32duino/STM32duino LwIP @ ^2.1.2
+build_flags = -std=c++17 -Os -g2 -Wunused-variable
-; build_flags = -std=c++17 -Os -g2 -Wunused-variable
+monitor_speed = 115200
-; monitor_speed = 115200
+monitor_echo = yes
-; monitor_echo = yes
+upload_protocol = stlink
-; upload_protocol = stlink
+
+; Experimental - Ethernet work still in progress
+; Commented out as the F439ZI also needs variant files
+;
+[env:Nucleo-F439ZI]
+platform = ststm32
+board = nucleo_f439zi
+framework = arduino
+lib_deps = ${env.lib_deps}
+			stm32duino/STM32Ethernet @ ^1.3.0
+			stm32duino/STM32duino LwIP @ ^2.1.2
+build_flags = -std=c++17 -Os -g2 -Wunused-variable
+monitor_speed = 115200
+monitor_echo = yes
+upload_protocol = stlink
 
 [env:Teensy3_2]
 platform = teensy

version.h

@@ -3,13 +3,29 @@
 
 #include "StringFormatter.h"
 
-#define VERSION "5.2.XX"
+#define VERSION "5.2.27stm32ECvf"
 // 5.2.XX - Variable frequency for DC mode
+// 5.2.27 - Bugfix: IOExpander memory allocation
+// 5.2.26 - Silently ignore overridden HAL defaults
+//        - include HAL_IGNORE_DEFAULTS macro in EXRAIL 
+// 5.2.25 - Fix bug causing <X> after working <D commands 
+// 5.2.24 - Exrail macro asserts to catch 
+//            : duplicate/missing automation/route/sequence/call ids
+//            : latches and reserves out of range
+//            : speeds out of range
+// 5.2.23 - KeywordHasher _hk (no functional change) 
+// 5.2.22 - Bugfixes: Empty turnout descriptions ok; negative route numbers valid.
+// 5.2.21 - Add STARTUP_DELAY config option to delay CS bootup
+// 5.2.20 - Check return of Ethernet.begin()
+// 5.2.19 - ESP32: Determine if the RMT hardware can handle DCC
 // 5.2.18 - Display network IP fix
 // 5.2.17 - ESP32 simplify network logic
 // 5.2.16 - Bugfix to allow for devices using the EX-IOExpander protocol to have no analogue or no digital pins
+//       df - I2C DFPlayper capability
 // 5.2.15 - move call to CommandDistributor::broadcastPower() into the TrackManager::setTrackPower(*) functions
 //        - add repeats to function packets that are not reminded in accordance with accessory packets
+// 5.2.14eth - Initial ethernet code for STM32F429ZI and F439ZI boards
+//        C - CMRI RS485 connection
 // 5.2.14 - Reminder window DCC packet optimization
 //        - Optional #define DISABLE_FUNCTION_REMINDERS 
 // 5.2.13 - EXRAIL STEALTH