speedup

1 board, no kit map, output untested

CommandDistributor.cpp

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ void  CommandDistributor::parse(byte clientId,byte * buffer, RingStream * stream
 }
 
 void CommandDistributor::forget(byte clientId) {
-  // keep for later if (clients[clientId]==WITHROTTLE_TYPE) WiThrottle::forget(clientId);
+  if (clients[clientId]==WITHROTTLE_TYPE) WiThrottle::forget(clientId);
   clients[clientId]=NONE_TYPE;
 }
 #endif 

DCC.cpp

@@ -595,30 +595,15 @@ void DCC::loop()  {
 void DCC::issueReminders() {
   // if the main track transmitter still has a pending packet, skip this time around.
   if ( DCCWaveform::mainTrack.getPacketPending()) return;
-
-  // This loop searches for a loco in the speed table starting at nextLoco and cycling back around
-    /*
-  for (int reg=0;reg<MAX_LOCOS;reg++) {
-       int slot=reg+nextLoco;
-       if (slot>=MAX_LOCOS) slot-=MAX_LOCOS;
-       if (speedTable[slot].loco > 0) {
-          // have found the next loco to remind
-          // issueReminder will return true if this loco is completed (ie speed and functions)
-          if (issueReminder(slot)) nextLoco=slot+1;
-          return;
-        }
-  }
-    */
-  for (int reg=nextLoco;reg<MAX_LOCOS+nextLoco;reg++) {
-    int slot=reg%MAX_LOCOS;
-    if (speedTable[slot].loco > 0) {
-      // have found the next loco to remind
-      // issueReminder will return true if this loco is completed (ie speed and functions)
-      if (issueReminder(slot))
-	nextLoco=(slot+1)%MAX_LOCOS;
-      return;
-    }
-  }
+  // Move to next loco slot.  If occupied, send a reminder.
+  int reg = lastLocoReminder+1;
+  if (reg > highestUsedReg) reg = 0;  // Go to start of table
+  if (speedTable[reg].loco > 0) {
+    // have found loco to remind
+    if (issueReminder(reg))
+      lastLocoReminder = reg;
+  } else
+    lastLocoReminder = reg;
 }
 
 bool DCC::issueReminder(int reg) {
@@ -698,6 +683,7 @@ int DCC::lookupSpeedTable(int locoId, bool autoCreate) {
         speedTable[reg].groupFlags=0;
         speedTable[reg].functions=0;
   }
+  if (reg > highestUsedReg) highestUsedReg = reg;
   return reg;
 }
 
@@ -705,7 +691,7 @@ void  DCC::updateLocoReminder(int loco, byte speedCode) {
 
   if (loco==0) {
      // broadcast stop/estop but dont change direction
-     for (int reg = 0; reg < MAX_LOCOS; reg++) {
+     for (int reg = 0; reg < highestUsedReg; reg++) {
        if (speedTable[reg].loco==0) continue;
        byte newspeed=(speedTable[reg].speedCode & 0x80) |  (speedCode & 0x7f);
        if (speedTable[reg].speedCode != newspeed) {
@@ -725,13 +711,14 @@ void  DCC::updateLocoReminder(int loco, byte speedCode) {
 }
 
 DCC::LOCO DCC::speedTable[MAX_LOCOS];
-int DCC::nextLoco = 0;
+int DCC::lastLocoReminder = 0;
+int DCC::highestUsedReg = 0;
 
 
 void DCC::displayCabList(Print * stream) {
 
     int used=0;
-    for (int reg = 0; reg < MAX_LOCOS; reg++) {
+    for (int reg = 0; reg <= highestUsedReg; reg++) {
        if (speedTable[reg].loco>0) {
         used ++;
         StringFormatter::send(stream,F("cab=%d, speed=%d, dir=%c \n"),

DCC.h

@@ -108,7 +108,8 @@ private:
   static void updateLocoReminder(int loco, byte speedCode);
   static void setFunctionInternal(int cab, byte fByte, byte eByte);
   static bool issueReminder(int reg);
-  static int nextLoco;
+  static int lastLocoReminder;
+  static int highestUsedReg;
   static FSH *shieldName;
   static byte globalSpeedsteps;
 

DCCEXParser.cpp

@@ -41,6 +41,14 @@
 #include "DCCTimer.h"
 #include "EXRAIL2.h"
 
+// This macro can't be created easily as a portable function because the
+// flashlist requires a far pointer for high flash access. 
+#define SENDFLASHLIST(stream,flashList)                 \
+    for (int16_t i=0;;i+=sizeof(flashList[0])) {                            \
+        int16_t value=GETHIGHFLASHW(flashList,i);       \
+        if (value==0) break;                            \
+        StringFormatter::send(stream,F(" %d"),value);   \
+    }                                   
 
 
 // These keywords are used in the <1> command. The number is what you get if you use the keyword as a parameter.
@@ -569,8 +577,8 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
                     StringFormatter::send(stream, F("<jA"));
                     if (params==1) {// <JA>
 #ifdef EXRAIL_ACTIVE
-                        sendFlashList(stream,RMFT2::routeIdList);
-                        sendFlashList(stream,RMFT2::automationIdList);
+                        SENDFLASHLIST(stream,RMFT2::routeIdList)
+                        SENDFLASHLIST(stream,RMFT2::automationIdList)
 #endif
                     }
                     else {  // <JA id>
@@ -589,7 +597,9 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
             case HASH_KEYWORD_R: // <JR> returns rosters 
                 StringFormatter::send(stream, F("<jR"));
 #ifdef EXRAIL_ACTIVE
-                if (params==1) sendFlashList(stream,RMFT2::rosterIdList);
+                if (params==1) {
+                    SENDFLASHLIST(stream,RMFT2::rosterIdList)
+                }
                 else StringFormatter::send(stream,F(" %d \"%S\" \"%S\""), 
                     id, RMFT2::getRosterName(id), RMFT2::getRosterFunctions(id));
 #endif          
@@ -634,14 +644,6 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
     StringFormatter::send(stream, F("<X>\n"));
 }
 
-void DCCEXParser::sendFlashList(Print * stream,const int16_t flashList[]) {
-    for (int16_t i=0;;i++) {
-        int16_t value=GETFLASHW(flashList+i);
-        if (value==0) return;
-        StringFormatter::send(stream,F(" %d"),value);
-    } 
-}
-
 bool DCCEXParser::parseZ(Print *stream, int16_t params, int16_t p[])
 {
 

DCCTimerAVR.cpp

@@ -88,7 +88,10 @@ void DCCTimer::clearPWM() {
 
   void DCCTimer::getSimulatedMacAddress(byte mac[6]) {
     for (byte i=0; i<6; i++) {
-      mac[i]=boot_signature_byte_get(0x0E + i);
+      // take the fist 3 and last 3 of the serial.
+      // the first 5 of 8 are at 0x0E to 0x013
+      // the last  3 of 8 are at 0x15 to 0x017
+      mac[i]=boot_signature_byte_get(0x0E + i + (i>2? 4 : 0));
     }
     mac[0] &= 0xFE;
     mac[0] |= 0x02;
@@ -126,6 +129,7 @@ void DCCTimer::reset() {
 #endif
 uint16_t ADCee::usedpins = 0;
 int * ADCee::analogvals = NULL;
+bool ADCusesHighPort = false;
 
 /*
  * Register a new pin to be scanned
@@ -136,6 +140,8 @@ int ADCee::init(uint8_t pin) {
   uint8_t id = pin - A0;
   if (id > NUM_ADC_INPUTS)
     return -1023;
+  if (id > 7)
+    ADCusesHighPort = true;
   pinMode(pin, INPUT);
   int value = analogRead(pin);
   if (analogvals == NULL)
@@ -196,7 +202,15 @@ void ADCee::scan() {
     while (true) {
       if (mask  & usedpins) {
 	// start new ADC aquire on id
-	ADMUX=(1<<REFS0)|id; //select AVCC as reference and set MUX
+#if defined(ADCSRB) && defined(MUX5)
+	if (ADCusesHighPort) { // if we ever have started to use high pins)
+	  if (id > 7)          // if we use a high ADC pin
+	    bitSet(ADCSRB, MUX5); // set MUX5 bit
+	  else
+	    bitClear(ADCSRB, MUX5);
+	}
+#endif
+	ADMUX=(1<<REFS0)|(id & 0x07); //select AVCC as reference and set MUX
 	bitSet(ADCSRA,ADSC); // start conversion
 	// for scope debug TrackManager::track[1]->setBrake(1);
 	waiting = true;

DCCTimerSTM32.cpp

@@ -28,13 +28,9 @@
 // This is to avoid repetition and duplication.
 #ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32
 
-#include "FSH.h" //PMA temp debug
-#include "DIAG.h" //PMA temp debug
 #include "DCCTimer.h"
 
-#define STM32F411RE   // PMA - ideally this ought to be derived from within the STM32 support somehow
-
-#if defined(STM32F411RE)
+#if defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F411RE)
 // STM32F411RE doesn't have Serial1 defined by default
 HardwareSerial Serial1(PB7, PA15);  // Rx=PB7, Tx=PA15 -- CN7 pins 17 and 21 - F411RE
 // Serial2 is defined to use USART2 by default, but is in fact used as the diag console
@@ -42,9 +38,9 @@ HardwareSerial Serial1(PB7, PA15);  // Rx=PB7, Tx=PA15 -- CN7 pins 17 and 21 - F
 // for other DCC-EX uses like WiFi, DFPlayer, etc.
 // Let's define Serial6 as an additional serial port (the only other option for the F411RE)
 HardwareSerial Serial6(PA12, PA11);  // Rx=PA12, Tx=PA11 -- CN10 pins 12 and 14 - F411RE
-#elif defined(STM32F446ZE)
-// STM32F446ZE doesn't have Serial1 defined by default
-HardwareSerial Serial1(PG9, PG14);  // Rx=PG9, Tx=PG14 -- D0, D1 - F446ZE
+#elif defined(ARDUINO_BLAH_F412ZG) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F412ZG) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F429ZI) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F446ZE)
+// Nucleo-144 boards don't have Serial1 defined by default
+HardwareSerial Serial1(PG9, PG14);  // Rx=PG9, Tx=PG14 -- D0, D1 - F412ZG/F446ZE
 #else
 #warning Serial1 not defined
 #endif
@@ -94,10 +90,9 @@ void DCCTimer::clearPWM() {
 }
 
 void   DCCTimer::getSimulatedMacAddress(byte mac[6]) {
-  volatile uint32_t *serno1 = (volatile uint32_t *)0x0080A00C;
-  volatile uint32_t *serno2 = (volatile uint32_t *)0x0080A040;
-//  volatile uint32_t *serno3 = (volatile uint32_t *)0x0080A044;
-//  volatile uint32_t *serno4 = (volatile uint32_t *)0x0080A048;
+  volatile uint32_t *serno1 = (volatile uint32_t *)0x1FFF7A10;
+  volatile uint32_t *serno2 = (volatile uint32_t *)0x1FFF7A14;
+  volatile uint32_t *serno3 = (volatile uint32_t *)0x1FFF7A18;
 
   volatile uint32_t m1 = *serno1;
   volatile uint32_t m2 = *serno2;

EXRAIL2.cpp

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
   */
 
 #include <Arduino.h>
+#include "defines.h"
 #include "EXRAIL2.h"
 #include "DCC.h"
 #include "DCCWaveform.h"
@@ -90,15 +91,25 @@ LookList *  RMFT2::onDeactivateLookup=NULL;
 LookList *  RMFT2::onRedLookup=NULL;
 LookList *  RMFT2::onAmberLookup=NULL;
 LookList *  RMFT2::onGreenLookup=NULL;
-#define GET_OPCODE GETFLASH(RMFT2::RouteCode+progCounter)
-#ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_AVR
-#define GET_OPERAND(n) GETFLASHW(RMFT2::RouteCode+progCounter+1+(n*3))
-#else
-#define GET_OPERAND(n) GETOPW(RMFT2::RouteCode+progCounter+1+(n*3))
-#define GETOPW(A) (((uint32_t)A)%2 ? GETFLASH((const byte *)A) | (GETFLASH(1+(const byte *)A)<<8) : GETFLASHW(A))
-#endif
+
+#define GET_OPCODE GETHIGHFLASH(RMFT2::RouteCode,progCounter)
 #define SKIPOP progCounter+=3
 
+// getOperand instance version, uses progCounter from instance.
+uint16_t RMFT2::getOperand(byte n) {
+  return getOperand(progCounter,n);
+}
+
+// getOperand static version, must be provided prog counter from loop etc.
+uint16_t RMFT2::getOperand(int progCounter,byte n) {
+  int offset=progCounter+1+(n*3);
+  if (offset&1) {
+       byte lsb=GETHIGHFLASH(RouteCode,offset);
+       byte msb=GETHIGHFLASH(RouteCode,offset+1);
+       return msb<<8|lsb;
+  }
+  return GETHIGHFLASHW(RouteCode,offset);
+}
 
 LookList::LookList(int16_t size) {
   m_size=size;
@@ -139,12 +150,17 @@ LookList* RMFT2::LookListLoader(OPCODE op1, OPCODE op2, OPCODE op3) {
   for (progCounter=0;; SKIPOP) {
     byte opcode=GET_OPCODE;
     if (opcode==OPCODE_ENDEXRAIL) break;
-    if (opcode==op1 || opcode==op2 || opcode==op3)  list->add(GET_OPERAND(0),progCounter);   
+    if (opcode==op1 || opcode==op2 || opcode==op3)  list->add(getOperand(progCounter,0),progCounter);   
   }
   return list;
 }
 
 /* static */ void RMFT2::begin() {
+
+  DIAG(F("EXRAIL RoutCode at =%P"),RouteCode);
+    
+  bool saved_diag=diag;
+  diag=true;
   DCCEXParser::setRMFTFilter(RMFT2::ComandFilter);
   for (int f=0;f<MAX_FLAGS;f++) flags[f]=0;
   
@@ -160,8 +176,8 @@ LookList* RMFT2::LookListLoader(OPCODE op1, OPCODE op2, OPCODE op3) {
 
   // Second pass startup, define any turnouts or servos, set signals red
   // add sequences onRoutines to the lookups
-  for (int sigpos=0;;sigpos+=4) {
-    VPIN sigid=GETFLASHW(RMFT2::SignalDefinitions+sigpos);
+  for (int sigslot=0;;sigslot++) {
+    VPIN sigid=GETHIGHFLASHW(RMFT2::SignalDefinitions,sigslot*8);
     if (sigid==0) break;  // end of signal list
     doSignal(sigid & SIGNAL_ID_MASK, SIGNAL_RED);
   }
@@ -170,7 +186,7 @@ LookList* RMFT2::LookListLoader(OPCODE op1, OPCODE op2, OPCODE op3) {
   for (progCounter=0;; SKIPOP){
     byte opcode=GET_OPCODE;
     if (opcode==OPCODE_ENDEXRAIL) break;
-    VPIN operand=GET_OPERAND(0);
+    VPIN operand=getOperand(progCounter,0);
     
     switch (opcode) {
     case OPCODE_AT:
@@ -180,6 +196,7 @@ LookList* RMFT2::LookListLoader(OPCODE op1, OPCODE op2, OPCODE op3) {
     case OPCODE_IFNOT: {
       int16_t pin = (int16_t)operand;
       if (pin<0) pin = -pin;
+      DIAG(F("EXRAIL input vpin %d"),pin);
       IODevice::configureInput((VPIN)pin,true);
       break;
     }
@@ -189,31 +206,32 @@ LookList* RMFT2::LookListLoader(OPCODE op1, OPCODE op2, OPCODE op3) {
     case OPCODE_IFGTE:
     case OPCODE_IFLT:
     case OPCODE_DRIVE: {
+      DIAG(F("EXRAIL analog input vpin %d"),(VPIN)operand);
       IODevice::configureAnalogIn((VPIN)operand);
       break;
     }
 
     case OPCODE_TURNOUT: {
       VPIN id=operand;
-      int addr=GET_OPERAND(1);
-      byte subAddr=GET_OPERAND(2);
+      int addr=getOperand(progCounter,1);
+      byte subAddr=getOperand(progCounter,2);
       setTurnoutHiddenState(DCCTurnout::create(id,addr,subAddr));
       break;
     }
 
     case OPCODE_SERVOTURNOUT: {
       VPIN id=operand;
-      VPIN pin=GET_OPERAND(1);
-      int activeAngle=GET_OPERAND(2);
-      int inactiveAngle=GET_OPERAND(3);
-      int profile=GET_OPERAND(4);
+      VPIN pin=getOperand(progCounter,1);
+      int activeAngle=getOperand(progCounter,2);
+      int inactiveAngle=getOperand(progCounter,3);
+      int profile=getOperand(progCounter,4);
       setTurnoutHiddenState(ServoTurnout::create(id,pin,activeAngle,inactiveAngle,profile));
       break;
     }
 
     case OPCODE_PINTURNOUT: {
       VPIN id=operand;
-      VPIN pin=GET_OPERAND(1);
+      VPIN pin=getOperand(progCounter,1);
       setTurnoutHiddenState(VpinTurnout::create(id,pin));
       break;
     }
@@ -233,20 +251,22 @@ LookList* RMFT2::LookListLoader(OPCODE op1, OPCODE op2, OPCODE op3) {
   DIAG(F("EXRAIL %db, fl=%d"),progCounter,MAX_FLAGS);
 
   new RMFT2(0); // add the startup route
+  diag=saved_diag;
 }
 
 void RMFT2::setTurnoutHiddenState(Turnout * t) {
+  // turnout descriptions are in low flash F strings 
   t->setHidden(GETFLASH(getTurnoutDescription(t->getId()))==0x01);     
 }
 
 char RMFT2::getRouteType(int16_t id) {
-  for (int16_t i=0;;i++) {
-    int16_t rid= GETFLASHW(routeIdList+i);
+  for (int16_t i=0;;i+=2) {
+    int16_t rid= GETHIGHFLASHW(routeIdList,i);
     if (rid==id) return 'R';
     if (rid==0) break;
   }
-  for (int16_t i=0;;i++) {
-    int16_t rid= GETFLASHW(automationIdList+i);
+  for (int16_t i=0;;i+=2) {
+    int16_t rid= GETHIGHFLASHW(automationIdList,i);
     if (rid==id) return 'A';
     if (rid==0) break;
   }
@@ -308,7 +328,7 @@ bool RMFT2::parseSlash(Print * stream, byte & paramCount, int16_t p[]) {
     // do the signals
     // flags[n] represents the state of the nth signal in the table 
     for (int sigslot=0;;sigslot++) {
-      VPIN sigid=GETFLASHW(RMFT2::SignalDefinitions+sigslot*4);
+      VPIN sigid=GETHIGHFLASHW(RMFT2::SignalDefinitions,sigslot*8);
       if (sigid==0) break; // end of signal list 
       byte flag=flags[sigslot] & SIGNAL_MASK; // obtain signal flags for this id
       StringFormatter::send(stream,F("\n%S[%d]"), 
@@ -555,7 +575,7 @@ void RMFT2::loop2() {
   if (delayTime!=0 && millis()-delayStart < delayTime) return;
 
   byte opcode = GET_OPCODE;
-  int16_t operand =  GET_OPERAND(0);
+  int16_t operand =  getOperand(0);
 
   // skipIf will get set to indicate a failing IF condition 
   bool skipIf=false; 
@@ -621,13 +641,13 @@ void RMFT2::loop2() {
     
   case OPCODE_ATGTE: // wait for analog sensor>= value
     timeoutFlag=false;
-    if (IODevice::readAnalogue(operand) >= (int)(GET_OPERAND(1))) break;
+    if (IODevice::readAnalogue(operand) >= (int)(getOperand(1))) break;
     delayMe(50);
     return;
     
   case OPCODE_ATLT: // wait for analog sensor < value
     timeoutFlag=false;
-    if (IODevice::readAnalogue(operand) < (int)(GET_OPERAND(1))) break;
+    if (IODevice::readAnalogue(operand) < (int)(getOperand(1))) break;
     delayMe(50);
     return;
       
@@ -638,7 +658,7 @@ void RMFT2::loop2() {
     
   case OPCODE_ATTIMEOUT2:
     if (readSensor(operand)) break; // success without timeout
-    if (millis()-timeoutStart > 100*GET_OPERAND(1)) {
+    if (millis()-timeoutStart > 100*getOperand(1)) {
       timeoutFlag=true;
       break; // and drop through
     }
@@ -681,7 +701,7 @@ void RMFT2::loop2() {
     break;
     
   case OPCODE_POM:
-    if (loco) DCC::writeCVByteMain(loco, operand, GET_OPERAND(1));
+    if (loco) DCC::writeCVByteMain(loco, operand, getOperand(1));
     break;
     
   case OPCODE_POWEROFF:
@@ -715,11 +735,11 @@ void RMFT2::loop2() {
     break;
     
   case OPCODE_IFGTE: // do next operand if sensor>= value
-    skipIf=IODevice::readAnalogue(operand)<(int)(GET_OPERAND(1));
+    skipIf=IODevice::readAnalogue(operand)<(int)(getOperand(1));
     break;
     
   case OPCODE_IFLT: // do next operand if sensor< value
-    skipIf=IODevice::readAnalogue(operand)>=(int)(GET_OPERAND(1));
+    skipIf=IODevice::readAnalogue(operand)>=(int)(getOperand(1));
     break;
     
   case OPCODE_IFNOT: // do next operand if sensor not set
@@ -727,7 +747,7 @@ void RMFT2::loop2() {
     break;
     
   case OPCODE_IFRANDOM: // do block on random percentage
-    skipIf=(int16_t)(micros()%100) >= operand;
+    skipIf=(uint8_t)micros() >= operand * 255/100;
     break;
     
   case OPCODE_IFRESERVE: // do block if we successfully RERSERVE
@@ -802,11 +822,11 @@ void RMFT2::loop2() {
     }
     
   case OPCODE_XFON:
-    DCC::setFn(operand,GET_OPERAND(1),true);
+    DCC::setFn(operand,getOperand(1),true);
     break;
     
   case OPCODE_XFOFF:
-    DCC::setFn(operand,GET_OPERAND(1),false);
+    DCC::setFn(operand,getOperand(1),false);
     break;
     
   case OPCODE_DCCACTIVATE: {
@@ -898,7 +918,7 @@ void RMFT2::loop2() {
     
   case OPCODE_SENDLOCO:  // cab, route
     {
-      int newPc=sequenceLookup->find(GET_OPERAND(1));
+      int newPc=sequenceLookup->find(getOperand(1));
       if (newPc<0) break;
       RMFT2* newtask=new RMFT2(newPc); // create new task
       newtask->loco=operand;
@@ -916,7 +936,7 @@ void RMFT2::loop2() {
     
     
   case OPCODE_SERVO: // OPCODE_SERVO,V(vpin),OPCODE_PAD,V(position),OPCODE_PAD,V(profile),OPCODE_PAD,V(duration)
-    IODevice::writeAnalogue(operand,GET_OPERAND(1),GET_OPERAND(2),GET_OPERAND(3));
+    IODevice::writeAnalogue(operand,getOperand(1),getOperand(2),getOperand(3));
     break;
     
   case OPCODE_WAITFOR: // OPCODE_SERVO,V(pin)
@@ -965,7 +985,7 @@ void RMFT2::delayMe(long delay) {
   delayStart=millis();
 }
 
-boolean RMFT2::setFlag(VPIN id,byte onMask, byte offMask) {
+bool RMFT2::setFlag(VPIN id,byte onMask, byte offMask) {
    if (FLAGOVERFLOW(id)) return false; // Outside range limit
    byte f=flags[id];
    f &= ~offMask;
@@ -986,8 +1006,8 @@ void RMFT2::kill(const FSH * reason, int operand) {
 }
 
 int16_t RMFT2::getSignalSlot(int16_t id) {
-  for (int sigpos=0;;sigpos+=4) {
-      int16_t sigid=GETFLASHW(RMFT2::SignalDefinitions+sigpos);
+  for (int sigslot=0;;sigslot++) {
+      int16_t sigid=GETHIGHFLASHW(RMFT2::SignalDefinitions,sigslot*8);
       if (sigid==0) { // end of signal list 
         DIAG(F("EXRAIL Signal %d not defined"), id);
         return -1;
@@ -997,9 +1017,10 @@ int16_t RMFT2::getSignalSlot(int16_t id) {
       // but for a servo signal it will also have SERVO_SIGNAL_FLAG set. 
 
       if ((sigid & SIGNAL_ID_MASK)!= id) continue; // keep looking
-      return sigpos/4; // relative slot in signals table
+      return sigslot; // relative slot in signals table
   }  
 }
+
 /* static */ void RMFT2::doSignal(int16_t id,char rag) {
   if (diag) DIAG(F(" doSignal %d %x"),id,rag);
   
@@ -1016,11 +1037,11 @@ int16_t RMFT2::getSignalSlot(int16_t id) {
   setFlag(sigslot,rag,SIGNAL_MASK);
  
   // Correct signal definition found, get the rag values
-  int16_t sigpos=sigslot*4; 
-  VPIN sigid=GETFLASHW(RMFT2::SignalDefinitions+sigpos);
-  VPIN redpin=GETFLASHW(RMFT2::SignalDefinitions+sigpos+1);
-  VPIN amberpin=GETFLASHW(RMFT2::SignalDefinitions+sigpos+2);
-  VPIN greenpin=GETFLASHW(RMFT2::SignalDefinitions+sigpos+3);
+  int16_t sigpos=sigslot*8; 
+  VPIN sigid=GETHIGHFLASHW(RMFT2::SignalDefinitions,sigpos);
+  VPIN redpin=GETHIGHFLASHW(RMFT2::SignalDefinitions,sigpos+2);
+  VPIN amberpin=GETHIGHFLASHW(RMFT2::SignalDefinitions,sigpos+4);
+  VPIN greenpin=GETHIGHFLASHW(RMFT2::SignalDefinitions,sigpos+6);
   if (diag) DIAG(F("signal %d %d %d %d %d"),sigid,id,redpin,amberpin,greenpin);
 
   VPIN sigtype=sigid & ~SIGNAL_ID_MASK;
@@ -1096,3 +1117,96 @@ void RMFT2::handleEvent(const FSH* reason,LookList* handlers, int16_t id) {
 void RMFT2::printMessage2(const FSH * msg) {
   DIAG(F("EXRAIL(%d) %S"),loco,msg);
 }
+static StringBuffer * buffer=NULL;
+/* thrungeString is used to stream a HIGHFLASH string to a suitable Serial
+and handle the oddities like LCD, BROADCAST and PARSE */    
+void RMFT2::thrungeString(uint32_t strfar, thrunger mode, byte id) {
+   //DIAG(F("thrunge addr=%l mode=%d id=%d"), strfar,mode,id);
+   Print * stream=NULL;
+   // Find out where the string is going 
+   switch (mode) {
+    case thrunge_print:
+         StringFormatter::send(&Serial,F("<* EXRAIL(%d) "),loco);
+         stream=&Serial;
+         break;
+
+    case thrunge_serial: stream=&Serial; break;  
+    case thrunge_serial1: 
+         #ifdef SERIAL1_COMMANDS
+         stream=&Serial1; 
+         #endif
+         break;
+    case thrunge_serial2: 
+         #ifdef SERIAL2_COMMANDS
+         stream=&Serial2; 
+         #endif
+         break;
+    case thrunge_serial3: 
+         #ifdef SERIAL3_COMMANDS
+         stream=&Serial3; 
+         #endif
+         break;
+    case thrunge_serial4: 
+         #ifdef SERIAL4_COMMANDS
+         stream=&Serial4; 
+         #endif
+         break;
+    case thrunge_serial5: 
+         #ifdef SERIAL5_COMMANDS
+         stream=&Serial5; 
+         #endif
+         break;
+   case thrunge_serial6: 
+         #ifdef SERIAL6_COMMANDS
+         stream=&Serial6; 
+         #endif
+         break;
+  // TODO  more serials for SAMx case thrunge_serial4: stream=&Serial4; break;
+    case thrunge_lcn: 
+      #if defined(LCN_SERIAL) 
+      stream=&LCN_SERIAL;
+      #endif
+       break;  
+    case thrunge_parse:
+    case thrunge_broadcast:
+    case thrunge_lcd:
+         if (!buffer) buffer=new StringBuffer();
+         buffer->flush();
+         stream=buffer;
+         break; 
+    }
+    if (!stream) return; 
+    
+     #if defined(ARDUINO_AVR_MEGA) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560)
+    // if mega stream it out 
+    for (;;strfar++) {
+      char c=pgm_read_byte_far(strfar);
+      if (c=='\0') break;
+      stream->write(c);
+    }
+    #else
+    // UNO/NANO CPUs dont have high memory
+    // 32 bit cpus dont care anyway
+    stream->print((FSH *)strfar);
+    #endif
+
+  // and decide what to do next
+   switch (mode) {
+    case thrunge_print:
+         StringFormatter::send(&Serial,F(" *>\n"));
+         break;
+    // TODO  more serials for SAMx case thrunge_serial4: stream=&Serial4; break;
+    case thrunge_parse: 
+      DCCEXParser::parseOne(&Serial,(byte*)buffer->getString(),NULL);
+      break;
+    case thrunge_broadcast:
+  // TODO     CommandDistributor::broadcastText(buffer->getString());
+      break;
+    case thrunge_lcd:
+         LCD(id,F("%s"),buffer->getString());
+         break;
+
+     default: break;       
+    }
+}
+   

EXRAIL2.h

@@ -67,6 +67,12 @@ enum OPCODE : byte {OPCODE_THROW,OPCODE_CLOSE,
              OPCODE_IFCLOSED,OPCODE_IFTHROWN
              };
 
+enum thrunger: byte {
+  thrunge_print, thrunge_broadcast, thrunge_serial,thrunge_parse,
+  thrunge_serial1, thrunge_serial2, thrunge_serial3,
+  thrunge_serial4, thrunge_serial5, thrunge_serial6,
+  thrunge_lcd, thrunge_lcn};
+
 
  
   // Flag bits for status of hardware and TPL
@@ -111,12 +117,11 @@ class LookList {
     static const int16_t ACTIVE_HIGH_SIGNAL_FLAG=0x2000;
     static const int16_t DCC_SIGNAL_FLAG=0x1000;
     static const int16_t SIGNAL_ID_MASK=0x0FFF;
- 
  // Throttle Info Access functions built by exrail macros 
   static const byte rosterNameCount;
-  static const int16_t FLASH routeIdList[];
-  static const int16_t FLASH automationIdList[];
-  static const int16_t FLASH rosterIdList[];
+  static const int16_t HIGHFLASH routeIdList[];
+  static const int16_t HIGHFLASH automationIdList[];
+  static const int16_t HIGHFLASH rosterIdList[];
   static const FSH *  getRouteDescription(int16_t id);
   static char   getRouteType(int16_t id);
   static const FSH *  getTurnoutDescription(int16_t id);
@@ -137,6 +142,7 @@ private:
     static LookList* LookListLoader(OPCODE op1,
                       OPCODE op2=OPCODE_ENDEXRAIL,OPCODE op3=OPCODE_ENDEXRAIL);
     static void handleEvent(const FSH* reason,LookList* handlers, int16_t id);
+    static uint16_t getOperand(int progCounter,byte n);
     static RMFT2 * loopTask;
     static RMFT2 * pausingTask;
     void delayMe(long millisecs);
@@ -148,10 +154,12 @@ private:
     void kill(const FSH * reason=NULL,int operand=0);          
     void printMessage(uint16_t id);  // Built by RMFTMacros.h
     void printMessage2(const FSH * msg);
+    void thrungeString(uint32_t strfar, thrunger mode, byte id=0);
+    uint16_t getOperand(byte n); 
     
    static bool diag;
-   static const  FLASH  byte RouteCode[];
-   static const  FLASH  int16_t SignalDefinitions[];
+   static const  HIGHFLASH  byte RouteCode[];
+   static const  HIGHFLASH  int16_t SignalDefinitions[];
    static byte flags[MAX_FLAGS];
    static LookList * sequenceLookup;
    static LookList * onThrowLookup;
@@ -161,7 +169,6 @@ private:
    static LookList * onRedLookup;
    static LookList * onAmberLookup;
    static LookList * onGreenLookup;
-  
     
   // Local variables - exist for each instance/task 
     RMFT2 *next;   // loop chain 

EXRAIL2MacroReset.h

@@ -110,6 +110,9 @@
 #undef SERIAL1 
 #undef SERIAL2 
 #undef SERIAL3 
+#undef SERIAL4 
+#undef SERIAL5 
+#undef SERIAL6 
 #undef SERVO 
 #undef SERVO2 
 #undef SERVO_TURNOUT 
@@ -220,6 +223,9 @@
 #define SERIAL1(msg) 
 #define SERIAL2(msg) 
 #define SERIAL3(msg) 
+#define SERIAL4(msg) 
+#define SERIAL5(msg) 
+#define SERIAL6(msg) 
 #define SERVO(id,position,profile) 
 #define SERVO2(id,position,duration) 
 #define SERVO_SIGNAL(vpin,redpos,amberpos,greenpos)

EXRAILMacros.h

@@ -73,14 +73,14 @@ void exrailHalSetup() {
 #include "EXRAIL2MacroReset.h"
 #undef ROUTE
 #define ROUTE(id, description) id,
-const int16_t FLASH RMFT2::routeIdList[]= {
+const int16_t HIGHFLASH RMFT2::routeIdList[]= {
     #include "myAutomation.h"
     0}; 
 // Pass 2a create throttle automation list 
 #include "EXRAIL2MacroReset.h"
 #undef AUTOMATION
 #define AUTOMATION(id, description) id,
-const int16_t FLASH RMFT2::automationIdList[]= {
+const int16_t HIGHFLASH RMFT2::automationIdList[]= {
     #include "myAutomation.h"
     0}; 
 
@@ -100,30 +100,54 @@ const FSH * RMFT2::getRouteDescription(int16_t id) {
 // Pass 4... Create Text sending functions
 #include "EXRAIL2MacroReset.h"
 const int StringMacroTracker1=__COUNTER__;
+#define THRUNGE(msg,mode) \
+     case (__COUNTER__ - StringMacroTracker1) : {\
+         static const char HIGHFLASH thrunge[]=msg;\
+         strfar=(uint32_t)GETFARPTR(thrunge);\
+         tmode=mode;\
+         break;\
+      } 
 #undef BROADCAST
-#define BROADCAST(msg) case (__COUNTER__ - StringMacroTracker1) : CommandDistributor::broadcastText(F(msg));break;
+#define BROADCAST(msg) THRUNGE(msg,thrunge_broadcast)
 #undef PARSE
-#define PARSE(msg) case (__COUNTER__ - StringMacroTracker1) : DCCEXParser::parse(F(msg));break;
+#define PARSE(msg) THRUNGE(msg,thrunge_parse)
 #undef PRINT
-#define PRINT(msg)    case (__COUNTER__ - StringMacroTracker1) : printMessage2(F(msg));break;
+#define PRINT(msg) THRUNGE(msg,thrunge_print)
 #undef LCN
-#define LCN(msg)      case (__COUNTER__ - StringMacroTracker1) : StringFormatter::send(&LCN_SERIAL,F(msg));break;
+#define LCN(msg)   THRUNGE(msg,thrunge_lcn)
 #undef SERIAL
-#define SERIAL(msg)   case (__COUNTER__ - StringMacroTracker1) : StringFormatter::send(&Serial,F(msg));break;
+#define SERIAL(msg)   THRUNGE(msg,thrunge_serial)
 #undef SERIAL1
-#define SERIAL1(msg)  case (__COUNTER__ - StringMacroTracker1) : StringFormatter::send(&Serial1,F(msg));break;
+#define SERIAL1(msg)  THRUNGE(msg,thrunge_serial1)
 #undef SERIAL2
-#define SERIAL2(msg)  case (__COUNTER__ - StringMacroTracker1) : StringFormatter::send(&Serial2,F(msg));break;
+#define SERIAL2(msg)  THRUNGE(msg,thrunge_serial2)
 #undef SERIAL3
-#define SERIAL3(msg)  case (__COUNTER__ - StringMacroTracker1) : StringFormatter::send(&Serial3,F(msg));break;
+#define SERIAL3(msg)  THRUNGE(msg,thrunge_serial3)
+#undef SERIAL4
+#define SERIAL4(msg)  THRUNGE(msg,thrunge_serial4)
+#undef SERIAL5
+#define SERIAL5(msg)  THRUNGE(msg,thrunge_serial5)
+#undef SERIAL6
+#define SERIAL6(msg)  THRUNGE(msg,thrunge_serial6)
 #undef LCD
-#define LCD(id,msg)   case (__COUNTER__ - StringMacroTracker1) : StringFormatter::lcd(id,F(msg));break;
+#define LCD(id,msg)  \
+     case (__COUNTER__ - StringMacroTracker1) : {\
+         static const char HIGHFLASH thrunge[]=msg;\
+         strfar=(uint32_t)GETFARPTR(thrunge);\
+         tmode=thrunge_lcd; \
+         lcdid=id;\
+         break;\
+      } 
 
 void  RMFT2::printMessage(uint16_t id) { 
+  thrunger tmode;
+  uint32_t strfar=0;
+  byte lcdid=0; 
   switch(id) {
     #include "myAutomation.h"
     default: break ; 
   }
+  if (strfar) thrungeString(strfar,tmode,lcdid);
 }
 
 
@@ -158,7 +182,7 @@ const byte RMFT2::rosterNameCount=0
 #include "EXRAIL2MacroReset.h"
 #undef ROSTER
 #define ROSTER(cabid,name,funcmap...) cabid,
-const int16_t FLASH  RMFT2::rosterIdList[]={
+const int16_t HIGHFLASH  RMFT2::rosterIdList[]={
    #include "myAutomation.h"
    0};
 
@@ -198,7 +222,7 @@ const FSH * RMFT2::getRosterFunctions(int16_t id) {
 #undef VIRTUAL_SIGNAL
 #define VIRTUAL_SIGNAL(id) id,0,0,0,
 
-const  FLASH  int16_t RMFT2::SignalDefinitions[] = {
+const  HIGHFLASH  int16_t RMFT2::SignalDefinitions[] = {
     #include "myAutomation.h"
     0,0,0,0 };
 
@@ -299,6 +323,9 @@ const  FLASH  int16_t RMFT2::SignalDefinitions[] = {
 #define SERIAL1(msg) PRINT(msg)
 #define SERIAL2(msg) PRINT(msg)
 #define SERIAL3(msg) PRINT(msg)
+#define SERIAL4(msg) PRINT(msg)
+#define SERIAL5(msg) PRINT(msg)
+#define SERIAL6(msg) PRINT(msg)
 #define SERVO(id,position,profile) OPCODE_SERVO,V(id),OPCODE_PAD,V(position),OPCODE_PAD,V(PCA9685::profile),OPCODE_PAD,V(0),
 #define SERVO2(id,position,ms) OPCODE_SERVO,V(id),OPCODE_PAD,V(position),OPCODE_PAD,V(PCA9685::Instant),OPCODE_PAD,V(ms/100L),
 #define SERVO_SIGNAL(vpin,redpos,amberpos,greenpos)
@@ -323,7 +350,7 @@ const  FLASH  int16_t RMFT2::SignalDefinitions[] = {
 
 // Build RouteCode
 const int StringMacroTracker2=__COUNTER__;
-const  FLASH  byte RMFT2::RouteCode[] = {
+const  HIGHFLASH  byte RMFT2::RouteCode[] = {
     #include "myAutomation.h"
     OPCODE_ENDTASK,0,0,OPCODE_ENDEXRAIL,0,0 };
 

EthernetInterface.cpp

@@ -60,14 +60,14 @@ EthernetInterface::EthernetInterface()
     connected=false;
    
     #ifdef IP_ADDRESS
-    if (Ethernet.begin(mac, IP_ADDRESS) == 0)
+    Ethernet.begin(mac, IP_ADDRESS);
     #else
     if (Ethernet.begin(mac) == 0)
-    #endif
     {
         DIAG(F("Ethernet.begin FAILED"));
         return;
     } 
+    #endif
     if (Ethernet.hardwareStatus() == EthernetNoHardware) {
       DIAG(F("Ethernet shield not found or W5100"));
     }
@@ -135,7 +135,10 @@ bool EthernetInterface::checkLink() {
     if(!connected) {
       DIAG(F("Ethernet cable connected"));
       connected=true;
-      IPAddress ip = Ethernet.localIP(); // reassign the obtained ip address
+      #ifdef IP_ADDRESS
+      setLocalIP(IP_ADDRESS);               // for static IP, set it again
+      #endif
+      IPAddress ip = Ethernet.localIP();    // look what IP was obtained (dynamic or static)
       server = new EthernetServer(IP_PORT); // Ethernet Server listening on default port IP_PORT
       server->begin();
       LCD(4,F("IP: %d.%d.%d.%d"), ip[0], ip[1], ip[2], ip[3]);

FSH.h

@@ -34,42 +34,51 @@
  *  PROGMEM                 use FLASH instead
  *  pgm_read_byte_near      use GETFLASH instead.
  *  pgm_read_word_near      use GETFLASHW instead.
+ * 
+ *  Also:
+ *    HIGHFLASH    -  PROGMEM forced to end of link so needs far pointers.
+ *    GETHIGHFLASH,GETHIGHFLASHW to access them
  *  
  */
 #include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_AVR
+// AVR devices have flash memory mapped differently
+// progmem can be accessed by _near functions or _far
+typedef __FlashStringHelper FSH;
+#define FLASH PROGMEM
+#define GETFLASH(addr) pgm_read_byte_near(addr)
 
-#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MEGAAVR)
 
+#if defined(ARDUINO_AVR_MEGA) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560)
+// AVR_MEGA memory deliberately placed at end of link may need _far functions
+#define HIGHFLASH __attribute__((section(".fini2")))
+#define GETFARPTR(data) pgm_get_far_address(data)
+#define GETHIGHFLASH(data,offset) pgm_read_byte_far(GETFARPTR(data)+offset)
+#define GETHIGHFLASHW(data,offset) pgm_read_word_far(GETFARPTR(data)+offset)
+#else
+// AVR_UNO/NANO runtime does not support _far functions so just use _near equivalent
+// as there is no progmem above 32kb anyway.
+#define HIGHFLASH PROGMEM
+#define GETFARPTR(data) ((uint32_t)(data))
+#define GETHIGHFLASH(data,offset) pgm_read_byte_near(GETFARPTR(data)+(offset))
+#define GETHIGHFLASHW(data,offset) pgm_read_word_near(GETFARPTR(data)+(offset))
+#endif
+
+#else 
+// Non-AVR Flat-memory devices have no need of this support so can be remapped to normal memory access
 #ifdef F
   #undef F
 #endif
-#define F(str) (str)
-typedef char FSH; 
-#define GETFLASH(addr) (*(const unsigned char *)(addr))
-#define GETFLASHW(addr) (*(const unsigned short *)(addr))
-#define FLASH
-#define strlen_P strlen
-#define strcpy_P strcpy
-
-#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_SAMD) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32)
-
-typedef __FlashStringHelper FSH;
-#define GETFLASH(addr) pgm_read_byte(addr)
-// pgm_read_word is buggy if addr is odd but here
-// we do only read well aligned addrs, the others are
-// taken care about in the GET_OPERAND(n) macro in EXRAIL2.cpp.
-#define GETFLASHW(addr) pgm_read_word(addr)
 #ifdef FLASH
   #undef FLASH
 #endif
-#define FLASH PROGMEM
-
-#else // AVR and AVR compat here
-
-typedef __FlashStringHelper FSH;
-#define GETFLASH(addr) pgm_read_byte_near(addr)
-#define GETFLASHW(addr) pgm_read_word_near(addr)
-#define FLASH PROGMEM
-
-#endif // flash stuff
-#endif // FSH
+#define F(str) (str)
+typedef char FSH; 
+#define FLASH
+#define HIGHFLASH
+#define GETFARPTR(data) ((uint32_t)(data))
+#define GETFLASH(addr) (*(const byte *)(addr))
+#define GETHIGHFLASH(data,offset)  (*(const byte *)(GETFARPTR(data)+offset))
+#define GETHIGHFLASHW(data,offset) (*(const uint16_t *)(GETFARPTR(data)+offset))
+#endif
+#endif

GITHUB_SHA.h

@@ -1 +1 @@
-#define GITHUB_SHA "devel-202211082310Z"
+#define GITHUB_SHA "devel-202212051450Z"

IODevice.h

@@ -161,6 +161,8 @@ public:
   // once the GPIO port concerned has been read.
   void setGPIOInterruptPin(int16_t pinNumber);
 
+ // Method to check if pins will overlap before creating new device. 
+  static bool checkNoOverlap(VPIN firstPin, uint8_t nPins=1, uint8_t i2cAddress=0);
   
 protected:
   
@@ -234,9 +236,6 @@ protected:
   //  pin low if an input changes state.
   int16_t _gpioInterruptPin = -1;
     
-  // Method to check if pins will overlap before creating new device. 
-  static bool checkNoOverlap(VPIN firstPin, uint8_t nPins=1, uint8_t i2cAddress=0);
-
   // Static support function for subclass creation
   static void addDevice(IODevice *newDevice);
 
@@ -408,5 +407,6 @@ private:
 #include "IO_MCP23008.h"
 #include "IO_MCP23017.h"
 #include "IO_PCF8574.h"
+#include "IO_duinoNodes.h"
 
 #endif // iodevice_h

IO_DFPlayer.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *  © 2021, Neil McKechnie. All rights reserved.
+ *  © 2022, Neil McKechnie. All rights reserved.
  *  
  *  This file is part of DCC++EX API
  *
@@ -36,24 +36,31 @@
  *   In mySetup function within mySetup.cpp:
  *       DFPlayer::create(3500, 5, Serial1);
  * 
- * Writing an analogue value 0-2999 to the first pin will select a numbered file from the SD card;
- * Writing an analogue value 0-30 to the second pin will set the volume of the output;
- * Writing a digital value to the first pin will play or stop the file;
+ * Writing an analogue value 1-2999 to the first pin (3500) will play the numbered file from the SD card;
+ * Writing an analogue value 0 to the first pin (3500) will stop the file playing;
+ * Writing an analogue value 0-30 to the second pin (3501) will set the volume;
+ * Writing a digital value of 1 to a pin will play the file corresponding to that pin, e.g.
+   the first file will be played by setting pin 3500, the second by setting pin 3501 etc.;
+ * Writing a digital value of 0 to any pin will stop the player;
  * Reading a digital value from any pin will return true(1) if the player is playing, false(0) otherwise.
  * 
  * From EX-RAIL, the following commands may be used:
- *   SET(3500)      -- starts playing the first file on the SD card
- *   SET(3501)      -- starts playing the second file on the SD card
+ *   SET(3500)      -- starts playing the first file (file 1) on the SD card
+ *   SET(3501)      -- starts playing the second file (file 2) on the SD card
  *   etc.
  *   RESET(3500)    -- stops all playing on the player
  *   WAITFOR(3500)  -- wait for the file currently being played by the player to complete
- *   SERVO(3500,23,0)  -- plays file 23 at current volume
- *   SERVO(3500,23,30)  -- plays file 23 at volume 30 (maximum)
- *   SERVO(3501,20,0)   -- Sets the volume to 20
+ *   SERVO(3500,2,Instant)  -- plays file 2 at current volume
+ *   SERVO(3501,20,Instant)   -- Sets the volume to 20
  * 
  * NB The DFPlayer's serial lines are not 5V safe, so connecting the Arduino TX directly 
  * to the DFPlayer's RX terminal will cause lots of noise over the speaker, or worse.
  * A 1k resistor in series with the module's RX terminal will alleviate this.
+ * 
+ * Files on the SD card are numbered according to their order in the directory on the 
+ * card (as listed by the DIR command in Windows).  This may not match the order of the files 
+ * as displayed by Windows File Manager, which sorts the file names.  It is suggested that
+ * files be copied into an empty SDcard in the desired order, one at a time.
  */
 
 #ifndef IO_DFPlayer_h
@@ -68,6 +75,19 @@ private:
   uint8_t _inputIndex = 0;
   unsigned long _commandSendTime; // Allows timeout processing
 
+  // When two commands are sent in quick succession, the device sometimes 
+  // fails to execute one.  A delay is required between successive commands.
+  // This could be implemented by buffering commands and outputting them
+  // from the loop() function, but it would somewhat complicate the 
+  // driver.  A simpler solution is to output a number of NUL pad characters
+  // between successive command strings if there isn't sufficient elapsed time
+  // between them.  At 9600 baud, each pad character takes approximately
+  // 1ms to complete.  Experiments indicate that the minimum number of pads
+  // for reliable operation is 17.  This gives 17.7ms between the end of one
+  // command and the beginning of the next, or 28ms between successive commands
+  // being completed.  I've allowed 20 characters, which is almost 21ms.
+  const int numPadCharacters = 20;  // Number of pad characters between commands
+  
 public:
  
   static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, HardwareSerial &serial) {
@@ -83,8 +103,10 @@ protected:
     addDevice(this);
   }
 
- void _begin() override {
-    _serial->begin(9600);
+  void _begin() override {
+    _serial->begin(9600, SERIAL_8N1); // 9600baud, no parity, 1 stop bit
+    // Flush any data in input queue
+    while (_serial->available()) _serial->read();
     _deviceState = DEVSTATE_INITIALISING;
 
     // Send a query to the device to see if it responds
@@ -94,10 +116,10 @@ protected:
 
   void _loop(unsigned long currentMicros) override {
     // Check for incoming data on _serial, and update busy flag accordingly.
-    // Expected message is in the form "7F FF 06 3D xx xx xx xx xx EF"
+    // Expected message is in the form "7E FF 06 3D xx xx xx xx xx EF"
     while (_serial->available()) {
       int c = _serial->read();
-      if (c == 0x7E) 
+      if (c == 0x7E && _inputIndex == 0) 
         _inputIndex = 1;
       else if ((c==0xFF && _inputIndex==1)
             || (c==0x3D && _inputIndex==3) 
@@ -124,8 +146,8 @@ protected:
       } else 
         _inputIndex = 0;  // Unrecognised character sequence, start again!
     }
-    // Check if the initial prompt to device has timed out.  Allow 1 second
-    if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_INITIALISING && currentMicros - _commandSendTime > 1000000UL) {
+    // Check if the initial prompt to device has timed out.  Allow 5 seconds
+    if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_INITIALISING && currentMicros - _commandSendTime > 5000000UL) {
       DIAG(F("DFPlayer device not responding on serial port"));
       _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
     }
@@ -218,6 +240,7 @@ private:
 
   void sendPacket(uint8_t command, uint16_t arg = 0)
   {
+    unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
     uint8_t out[] = { 0x7E,
         0xFF,
         06,
@@ -231,7 +254,19 @@ private:
 
     setChecksum(out);
 
+    // Check how long since the last command was sent.
+    // Each character takes approx 1ms at 9600 baud
+    unsigned long minimumGap = numPadCharacters + sizeof(out);
+    if (currentMillis - _commandSendTime < minimumGap) {
+      // Output some pad characters to add an
+      // artificial delay between commands
+      for (int i=0; i<numPadCharacters; i++) 
+        _serial->write(0);
+    }
+
+    // Now output the command
     _serial->write(out, sizeof(out));
+    _commandSendTime = currentMillis;
   }
 
   uint16_t calcChecksum(uint8_t* packet)

IO_duinoNodes.h

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/*
+ *  © 2022, Chris Harlow. All rights reserved.
+ *  
+ *  This file is part of DCC++EX API
+ *
+ *  This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with CommandStation.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+#ifndef IO_duinoNodes_h
+ #define IO_duinoNodes_h
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include "defines.h"
+#include "IODevice.h"
+
+#define PIN_MASK(bit) (0x80>>(bit%8))
+#define GET_BIT(x) (_pinValues[(x)/8] & PIN_MASK((x)) )
+#define SET_BIT(x) _pinValues[(x)/8] |= PIN_MASK((x))
+#define CLR_BIT(x) _pinValues[(x)/8] &= ~PIN_MASK((x))
+#define DIAG_IO
+
+
+
+class IO_duinoNodes : public IODevice {
+
+public:
+  IO_duinoNodes(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, 
+                byte clockPin, byte latchPin, byte dataPin, 
+                const byte* pinmap) :
+    IODevice(firstVpin, nPins) {
+ 
+   _latchPin=latchPin;
+    _clockPin=clockPin;
+    _dataPin=dataPin;
+    _pinMap=pinmap;
+    _nShiftBytes=(nPins+7)/8; // rounded up to multiples of 8 bits
+    _pinValues=(byte*) calloc(_nShiftBytes,1);  
+    // Connect to HAL so my _write, _read and _loop will be called as required.
+    IODevice::addDevice(this);  
+  }
+
+// Called by HAL to start handling this device
+  void _begin() override {
+     _deviceState = DEVSTATE_NORMAL;
+    pinMode(_latchPin,OUTPUT);
+    pinMode(_clockPin,OUTPUT);
+    pinMode(_dataPin,_pinMap?INPUT_PULLUP:OUTPUT);
+    _display();
+  }
+
+// loop called by HAL supervisor 
+void _loop(unsigned long currentMicros) override {
+    if (_pinMap) _loopInput(currentMicros);
+    else if (_xmitPending) _loopOutput();
+}
+
+void _loopInput(unsigned long currentMicros)  {
+   
+   if (currentMicros-_prevMicros < POLL_MICROS) return; // Nothing to do
+    _prevMicros=currentMicros;
+   
+    //set latch to HIGH to freeze & store parallel data
+   ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_latchPin, HIGH);
+   delayMicroseconds(1);
+   //set latch to LOW to enable the data to be transmitted serially
+   ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_latchPin, LOW);
+
+  // stream in the bitmap using mapping order provided at constructor   
+  for (int xmitByte=0;xmitByte<_nShiftBytes; xmitByte++) {
+      byte newByte=0;
+      for (int xmitBit=0;xmitBit<8; xmitBit++) {
+        ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_clockPin, LOW);
+        delayMicroseconds(1);
+        bool data = ArduinoPins::fastReadDigital(_dataPin);  
+        byte map=_pinMap[xmitBit];
+        if (data)  newByte |= map;
+            else   newByte &= ~map;
+        ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_clockPin, HIGH); 
+        delayMicroseconds(1);   
+      }
+      _pinValues[xmitByte]=newByte;
+      // DIAG(F("DIN %x=%x"),xmitByte, newByte);
+    }
+  }
+
+void _loopOutput()  {
+    // stream out the bitmap (highest pin first)
+    _xmitPending=false; 
+    ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_latchPin, LOW);
+    for (int xmitBit=_nShiftBytes*8 -1; xmitBit>=0; xmitBit--) {
+        ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_dataPin,GET_BIT(xmitBit));
+        ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_clockPin,HIGH);
+        ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_clockPin,LOW);
+    }  
+    digitalWrite(_latchPin, HIGH);
+  }
+
+  int _read(VPIN vpin) override {
+    int pin=vpin - _firstVpin;
+    bool b=GET_BIT(pin);
+    return b?1:0;
+  }
+
+  void _write(VPIN vpin, int value) override {
+    int pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
+    bool oldval=GET_BIT(pin);
+    bool newval=value!=0;
+    if (newval==oldval) return; // no change  
+    if (newval) SET_BIT(pin);
+           else CLR_BIT(pin);
+    _xmitPending=true;  // shift register will be sent on next _loop()
+  }
+
+  void _display() override {
+      DIAG(F("IO_duinoNodes %SPUT Configured on VPins:%d-%d shift=%d"), 
+      _pinMap?F("IN"):F("OUT"),
+      (int)_firstVpin, 
+      (int)_firstVpin+_nPins-1, _nShiftBytes*8);
+  }
+
+private:
+  static const unsigned long POLL_MICROS=100000; // 10 / S
+  unsigned long _prevMicros; 
+  int  _nShiftBytes=0; 
+  VPIN _latchPin,_clockPin,_dataPin;
+  byte* _pinValues;
+  bool _xmitPending; // Only relevant in output mode
+  const byte* _pinMap;  // NULL in output mode 
+};
+
+class IO_DNIN8  {
+public:
+  static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, byte clockPin, byte latchPin, byte dataPin ) 
+  {
+      // input arrives as board pin 0,7,6,5,1,2,3,4 
+      static const byte pinmap[8]={0x80,0x01,0x02,0x04,0x40,0x20,0x10,0x08};
+      if (IODevice::checkNoOverlap(firstVpin,nPins))
+        new IO_duinoNodes( firstVpin,  nPins,  clockPin,  latchPin,   dataPin,pinmap);
+  }
+
+};
+
+class IO_DNIN8K  {
+public:
+  static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, byte clockPin, byte latchPin, byte dataPin ) 
+  {
+      // input arrives as board pin 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
+      static const byte pinmap[8]={0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x80}; 
+       if (IODevice::checkNoOverlap(firstVpin,nPins))
+        new IO_duinoNodes( firstVpin,  nPins, clockPin, latchPin, dataPin,pinmap);
+  }
+};
+
+class IO_DNOU8 {
+public:
+  static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, byte clockPin, byte latchPin, byte dataPin ) 
+  {
+        if (IODevice::checkNoOverlap(firstVpin,nPins))
+         new IO_duinoNodes( firstVpin,  nPins,  clockPin, latchPin,   dataPin,NULL);
+  }
+
+};
+#endif

MotorDrivers.h

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
 #define STACKED_MOTOR_SHIELD F("STACKED_MOTOR_SHIELD"),\
   new MotorDriver( 3, 12, UNUSED_PIN, 9, A0, 2.99, 1500, UNUSED_PIN), \
   new MotorDriver(11, 13, UNUSED_PIN, 8, A1, 2.99, 1500, UNUSED_PIN), \
-  new MotorDriver( 2, 10, UNUSED_PIN, 7, A3, 2.99, 1500, UNUSED_PIN), \
-  new MotorDriver( 5,  4, UNUSED_PIN, 6, A4, 2.99, 1500, UNUSED_PIN)
+  new MotorDriver( 2, 10, UNUSED_PIN, 7, A4, 2.99, 1500, UNUSED_PIN), \
+  new MotorDriver( 5,  4, UNUSED_PIN, 6, A5, 2.99, 1500, UNUSED_PIN)
 //
 #endif

Release_Notes/duinoNodes.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Using Lew's Duino Gear boards:
+
+1. DNIN8 Input
+   This is a shift-register implementation of a digital input collector. 
+   Multiple DNIN8 may be connected in sequence but it is IMPORTANT that the software 
+   configuratuion correctly represents the number of boards connected otherwise the results will be meaningless. 
+
+   Use in myAnimation.h
+
+   HAL(IO_DNIN8, firstVpin, numPins, clockPin, latchPin, dataPin)
+   e.g. 
+   HAL(IO_DNIN8, 400, 16, 40, 42, 44)
+
+   OR Use in myHal.cpp
+     IO_DNIN8::create( firstVpin, numPins, clockPin, latchPin, dataPin)
+
+
+
+   This will create virtaul pins 400-415 using two DNIN8 boards connected in sequence. 
+   Vpins 400-407 will be on the first board (closest to the CS) and 408-415 on the second.
+
+   Note: 16 pins uses two boards. You may specify a non-multiple-of-8 pins but this will be rounded up to a multiple of 8 and you must connect ONLY the number of boards that this takes. 
+      
+   This example uses Arduino GPIO pins 40,42,44 as these are conveniently side-by-side on a Mega which is easier when you are using a 3 strand cable. 
+ 
+ The DNIN8K module works the same but you must use DNIN8K in the HAL setup instead of DNIN8. NO you cant mix 8 and 8k versions in the same string of boards but you can create another string of boards. 
+
+
+ DNOU8 works the same way, 
+   Use in myAnimation.h
+
+   HAL(IO_DNOU8, firstVpin, numPins, clockPin, latchPin, dataPin)
+   e.g. 
+   HAL(IO_DNIN8, 450, 16, 45, 47, 49)
+
+   OR Use in myHal.cpp
+     IO_DNIN8::create( firstVpin, numPins, clockPin, latchPin, dataPin)
+
+This creates a string of input pins 450-465. Note the clock/latch/data pins must be different to any DNIN8/k pins.      

RingStream.cpp

@@ -65,6 +65,13 @@ int RingStream::availableForWrite()  {
   }
 
 size_t RingStream::printFlash(const FSH * flashBuffer) {
+  // This function does not work on a 32 bit processor where the runtime
+  // sometimes misrepresents the pointer size in uintptr_t.
+  // In any case its not really necessary in a 32 bit processor because
+  // we have adequate ram. 
+  if (sizeof(void*)>2) return print(flashBuffer);
+
+
 // We are about to add a PROGMEM string to the buffer. 
 // To save RAM we can insert a marker and the
 // progmem address into the buffer instead.
@@ -107,8 +114,11 @@ int RingStream::read() {
   if ((_pos_read==_pos_write) && !_overflow) return -1;  // empty  
   byte b=readRawByte();
   if (b!=FLASH_INSERT_MARKER) return b; 
-#ifndef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
   // Detected a flash insert 
+  if (sizeof(void*)>2) {
+    DIAG(F("Detected invalid flash insert marker at pos %d"),_pos_read);
+    return '?';
+  }
   // read address bytes LSB first (size depends on CPU) 
   uintptr_t iFlash=0; 
   for (byte f=0; f<sizeof(iFlash); f++) {
@@ -120,10 +130,6 @@ int RingStream::read() {
   _flashInsert=reinterpret_cast<char * >( iFlash);
   // and try again... so will read the first byte of the insert. 
   return read();
-#else
-  DIAG(F("Detected flash insert marker at pos %d but there should not be one"),_pos_read);
-  return '\0';
-#endif
 }
 
 byte RingStream::readRawByte() {
@@ -189,11 +195,6 @@ bool RingStream::commit() {
   _mark++;
   if (_mark==_len) _mark=0;
   _buffer[_mark]=lowByte(_count);
-  { char s[_count+2];
-    strncpy(s, (const char*)&(_buffer[_mark+1]), _count);
-    s[_count]=0;
-    //DIAG(F("RS commit count=%d core %d \"%s\""), _count, xPortGetCoreID(), s);
-  }
   _ringClient = NO_CLIENT;
   return true; // commit worked
 }

RingStream.h

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class RingStream : public Print {
 
   public:
     RingStream( const uint16_t len);
-    static const int THIS_IS_A_RINGSTREAM=77;
+    static const int THIS_IS_A_RINGSTREAM=777;
     virtual size_t write(uint8_t b);
 
     // This availableForWrite function is subverted from its original intention so that a caller 

StringBuffer.h

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class StringBuffer : public Print {
   private:
     static const int  buffer_max=64; // enough for long text msgs to throttles  
     int16_t _pos_write;
-    char _buffer[buffer_max+1];
+    char _buffer[buffer_max+2];
 };
 
 #endif

StringFormatter.cpp

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ void StringFormatter::send2(Print * stream,const FSH* format, va_list args) {
   char* flash=(char*)format;
   for(int i=0; ; ++i) {
     char c=GETFLASH(flash+i);
-    if (c=='\0') return;
+    if (c=='\0') break; // to va_end()
     if(c!='%') { stream->print(c); continue; }
 
     bool formatContinues=false;
@@ -91,9 +91,6 @@ void StringFormatter::send2(Print * stream,const FSH* format, va_list args) {
       { 
         const FSH*  flash= (const FSH*)va_arg(args, char*);
 
-#ifndef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
-	// On ESP32 the reading flashstring from rinstream code
-	// crashes, so don't use the flashstream hack on ESP32
 #if WIFI_ON | ETHERNET_ON
         // RingStream has special logic to handle flash strings
         // but is not implemented unless wifi or ethernet are enabled.
@@ -101,11 +98,11 @@ void StringFormatter::send2(Print * stream,const FSH* format, va_list args) {
         if (stream->availableForWrite()==RingStream::THIS_IS_A_RINGSTREAM)
               ((RingStream *)stream)->printFlash(flash);
               else 
-#endif
 #endif
         stream->print(flash);
         break;
              }
+      case 'P': stream->print((uint32_t)va_arg(args, void*), HEX); break;
       case 'd': printPadded(stream,va_arg(args, int), formatWidth, formatLeft); break;
       case 'u': printPadded(stream,va_arg(args, unsigned int), formatWidth, formatLeft); break;
       case 'l': printPadded(stream,va_arg(args, long), formatWidth, formatLeft); break;
@@ -168,8 +165,8 @@ void StringFormatter::printEscape(Print * stream, char c) {
      case '\r': stream->print(F("\\r")); break; 
      case '\0': stream->print(F("\\0")); return; 
      case '\t': stream->print(F("\\t")); break;
-     case '\\': stream->print(F("\\")); break;
-     default: stream->print(c);
+     case '\\': stream->print(F("\\\\")); break;
+     default: stream->write(c);
   }
  }
 

WiThrottle.cpp

@@ -63,69 +63,6 @@
 
 WiThrottle * WiThrottle::firstThrottle=NULL;
 
-static uint8_t xstrncmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, uint8_t n) {
-  if (n == 0)
-    return 0;
-  do {
-    if (*s1 != *s2++)
-      return 1;
-    if (*s1++ == 0)
-      break;
-  } while (--n != 0);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-void WiThrottle::findUniqThrottle(int id, char *u) {
-  WiThrottle *wtmyid = NULL;
-  WiThrottle *wtmyuniq = NULL;
-
-  // search 1, look for clientid match
-  for (WiThrottle* wt=firstThrottle; wt!=NULL ; wt=wt->nextThrottle){
-    if (wt->clientid == id) {
-      if (xstrncmp(u, wt->uniq, 16) == 0) // should be most common case
-	return;
-      wtmyid = wt;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  // search 2, look for string match
-  for (WiThrottle* wt=firstThrottle; wt!=NULL ; wt=wt->nextThrottle){
-    if (xstrncmp(u, wt->uniq, 16) == 0) {
-      wtmyuniq = wt;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // analyse result of the two for loops:
-  if (wtmyid == NULL) {  // should not happen
-    DIAG(F("Did not find my own wiThrottle handle"));
-    return;
-  }
-  // wtmyuniq == wtmyid has already returned in for loop 1
-  if (wtmyuniq == NULL) { // register uniq in the found id
-    strncpy(wtmyid->uniq, u, 16);
-    wtmyid->uniq[16] = '\0';
-    if (Diag::WITHROTTLE) DIAG(F("Client %d registered as %s"),wtmyid->clientid, wtmyid->uniq);
-    return;
-  }
-  // if we get here wtmyid and wtmyuniq point on objects but differnet ones
-  // so we need to do the copy (all other options covered above)
-  for(int n=0; n < MAX_MY_LOCO; n++)
-    wtmyid->myLocos[n] = wtmyuniq->myLocos[n];
-  wtmyid->heartBeatEnable = wtmyuniq->heartBeatEnable;
-  wtmyid->heartBeat       = wtmyuniq->heartBeat;
-  wtmyid->initSent        = wtmyuniq->initSent;
-  wtmyid->exRailSent      = wtmyuniq->exRailSent;
-  wtmyid->mostRecentCab   = wtmyuniq->mostRecentCab;
-  wtmyid->turnoutListHash = wtmyuniq->turnoutListHash;
-  wtmyid->lastPowerState  = wtmyuniq->lastPowerState;
-  strncpy(wtmyid->uniq, u, 16);
-  wtmyid->uniq[16] = '\0';
-  if (Diag::WITHROTTLE)
-    DIAG(F("New client %d replaces old client %d as %s"), wtmyid->clientid, wtmyuniq->clientid, wtmyid->uniq);
-  forget(wtmyuniq->clientid); // do not use wtmyid after this
-}
-
 WiThrottle* WiThrottle::getThrottle( int wifiClient) {
   for (WiThrottle* wt=firstThrottle; wt!=NULL ; wt=wt->nextThrottle)  
      if (wt->clientid==wifiClient) return wt; 
@@ -135,6 +72,7 @@ WiThrottle* WiThrottle::getThrottle( int wifiClient) {
 void WiThrottle::forget( byte clientId) {
   for (WiThrottle* wt=firstThrottle; wt!=NULL ; wt=wt->nextThrottle)  
      if (wt->clientid==clientId) {
+      DIAG(F("Withrottle client %d dropped"),clientId);
       delete wt;
       break; 
      }
@@ -159,10 +97,7 @@ WiThrottle::WiThrottle( int wificlientid) {
    nextThrottle=firstThrottle;
    firstThrottle= this;
    clientid=wificlientid;
-   initSent=false; // prevent sending heartbeats before connection completed
    heartBeatEnable=false; // until client turns it on
-   turnoutListHash = -1;  // make sure turnout list is sent once
-   exRailSent=false;
    mostRecentCab=0;                
    for (int loco=0;loco<MAX_MY_LOCO; loco++) myLocos[loco].throttle='\0';
 }
@@ -187,47 +122,17 @@ void WiThrottle::parse(RingStream * stream, byte * cmdx) {
   
   heartBeat=millis();
   if (Diag::WITHROTTLE) DIAG(F("%l WiThrottle(%d)<-[%e]"),millis(),clientid,cmd);
+  
+  // On first few commands, send turnout, roster and routes 
+  if (introSent) {  
+    if (!turnoutsSent) sendTurnouts(stream);
+    else if(!rosterSent) sendRoster(stream);
+    else if (!routesSent) sendRoutes(stream);
+    else if (!heartrateSent) {
+         heartrateSent=true;
+        // allow heartbeat to slow down once all metadata sent     
+        StringFormatter::send(stream,F("*%d\nHMConnected\n"),HEARTBEAT_SECONDS);
 
-  if (initSent) {
-    // Send turnout list if changed since last sent (will replace list on client)
-    if (turnoutListHash != Turnout::turnoutlistHash) {
-      StringFormatter::send(stream,F("PTL"));
-      for(Turnout *tt=Turnout::first();tt!=NULL;tt=tt->next()){
-          if (tt->isHidden()) continue;
-          int id=tt->getId();
-          const FSH * tdesc=NULL;
-          #ifdef EXRAIL_ACTIVE
-          tdesc=RMFT2::getTurnoutDescription(id);
-          #endif
-          char tchar=Turnout::isClosed(id)?'2':'4';
-          if (tdesc==NULL) // turnout with no description
-              StringFormatter::send(stream,F("]\\[%d}|{T%d}|{T%c"), id,id,tchar);
-	        else 
-              StringFormatter::send(stream,F("]\\[%d}|{%S}|{%c"), id,tdesc,tchar);
-      }
-      StringFormatter::send(stream,F("\n"));
-      turnoutListHash = Turnout::turnoutlistHash; // keep a copy of hash for later comparison
-    }
-
-    else if (!exRailSent) {
-      // Send EX-RAIL routes list if not already sent (but not at same time as turnouts above)
-      exRailSent=true;
-#ifdef EXRAIL_ACTIVE
-   StringFormatter::send(stream,F("PRT]\\[Routes}|{Route]\\[Set}|{2]\\[Handoff}|{4\nPRL"));
-   for (byte pass=0;pass<2;pass++) {
-      // first pass automations, second pass routes.
-    for (int ix=0;;ix++) {
-        int16_t id=GETFLASHW((pass?RMFT2::automationIdList:RMFT2::routeIdList)+ix);
-        if (id==0) break;
-        const FSH * desc=RMFT2::getRouteDescription(id);
-        StringFormatter::send(stream,F("]\\[%c%d}|{%S}|{%c"),
-                      pass?'A':'R',id,desc, pass?'4':'2');
-    }
-   }
-   StringFormatter::send(stream,F("\n"));
-#endif
-      // allow heartbeat to slow down once all metadata sent     
-      StringFormatter::send(stream,F("*%d\n"),HEARTBEAT_SECONDS);
     }
   }
   
@@ -283,32 +188,14 @@ void WiThrottle::parse(RingStream * stream, byte * cmdx) {
       }
       break;
     case 'N':  // Heartbeat (2), only send if connection completed by 'HU' message
-      StringFormatter::send(stream, F("*%d\n"), initSent ? HEARTBEAT_SECONDS : HEARTBEAT_SECONDS/2); // return timeout value
+      StringFormatter::send(stream, F("*%d\n"), heartrateSent ? HEARTBEAT_SECONDS : HEARTBEAT_PRELOAD); // return timeout value
       break;
     case 'M': // multithrottle
       multithrottle(stream, cmd); 
       break;
     case 'H': // send initial connection info after receiving "HU" message
-      if (cmd[1] == 'U') {
-	WiThrottle::findUniqThrottle(clientid, (char *)cmd+2);
-	StringFormatter::send(stream,F("VN2.0\nHTDCC-EX\nRL0\n"));
-	StringFormatter::send(stream,F("HtDCC-EX v%S, %S, %S, %S\n"), F(VERSION), F(ARDUINO_TYPE), DCC::getMotorShieldName(), F(GITHUB_SHA));
-	StringFormatter::send(stream,F("PTT]\\[Turnouts}|{Turnout]\\[THROW}|{2]\\[CLOSE}|{4\n"));
-	StringFormatter::send(stream,F("PPA%x\n"),TrackManager::getMainPower()==POWERMODE::ON);
-#ifdef EXRAIL_ACTIVE
-  StringFormatter::send(stream,F("RL%d"), RMFT2::rosterNameCount);
-  for (int16_t r=0;r<RMFT2::rosterNameCount;r++) {
-      int16_t cabid=GETFLASHW(RMFT2::rosterIdList+r);
-      StringFormatter::send(stream,F("]\\[%S}|{%d}|{%c"),
-      RMFT2::getRosterName(cabid),cabid,cabid<128?'S':'L');
-  }
-  stream->write('\n'); // end roster        
-#endif
-
-       
-	// set heartbeat to 5 seconds because we need to sync the metadata (1 second is too short!)
-  StringFormatter::send(stream,F("*%d\n"), HEARTBEAT_SECONDS/2);
-	initSent = true;
+      if (cmd[1] == 'U') {    
+      sendIntro(stream);	
       }
       break;           
     case 'Q': // 
@@ -317,7 +204,7 @@ void WiThrottle::parse(RingStream * stream, byte * cmdx) {
 	  StringFormatter::send(stream, F("M%c-%c%d<;>\n"), myLocos[loco].throttle, LorS(myLocos[loco].cab), myLocos[loco].cab);
 	}
       }
-      if (Diag::WITHROTTLE) DIAG(F("%l WiThrottle(%d) Quit"),millis(),clientid);
+      if (Diag::WITHROTTLE) DIAG(F("WiThrottle(%d) Quit"),clientid);
       delete this; 
       break;           
     }
@@ -378,65 +265,17 @@ void WiThrottle::multithrottle(RingStream * stream, byte * cmd){
     }
     //use first empty "slot" on this client's list, will be added to DCC registration list
     for (int loco=0;loco<MAX_MY_LOCO;loco++) {
-      if (myLocos[loco].throttle=='\0') { 
-	myLocos[loco].throttle=throttleChar;
-	myLocos[loco].cab=locoid; 
-	myLocos[loco].functionMap=DCC::getFunctionMap(locoid); 
-	myLocos[loco].broadcastPending=true; // means speed/dir will be sent later
-	mostRecentCab=locoid;
-	StringFormatter::send(stream, F("M%c+%c%d<;>\n"), throttleChar, cmd[3] ,locoid); //tell client to add loco
-	int fkeys=29;
-	myLocos[loco].functionToggles=1<<2; // F2 (HORN)  is a non-toggle
-        
-#ifdef EXRAIL_ACTIVE
-	const char * functionNames=(char *) RMFT2::getRosterFunctions(locoid);
-	if (!functionNames) {
-	  // no roster, use presets as above 
-	}
-	else if (GETFLASH(functionNames)=='\0') {
-	  // "" = Roster but no functions given
-	  fkeys=0;
-	}  
-	else {
-	  // we have function names... 
-	  // scan names list emitting names, counting functions and 
-	  // flagging non-toggling things like horn.
-	  myLocos[loco].functionToggles =0;
-	  StringFormatter::send(stream, F("M%cL%c%d<;>]\\["), throttleChar,cmd[3],locoid);   
-	  fkeys=0;
-	  bool firstchar=true;
-	  for (int fx=0;;fx++) {
-	    char c=GETFLASH(functionNames+fx);
-	    if (c=='\0') {
-	      fkeys++;
-	      break;
-	    }
-	    if (c=='/') {
-	      fkeys++;
-	      StringFormatter::send(stream,F("]\\["));
-	      firstchar=true;
-	    }
-	    else if (firstchar && c=='*') {
-	      myLocos[loco].functionToggles |= 1UL<<fkeys;
-	      firstchar=false;
-	    } 
-	    else {
-	      firstchar=false;
-	      stream->write(c);
-	    }
-	  }
-	  StringFormatter::send(stream,F("\n"));
-	}
-        
-#endif
-	
-	for(int fKey=0; fKey<fkeys; fKey++) { 
-                      int fstate=DCC::getFn(locoid,fKey);
-                      if (fstate>=0) StringFormatter::send(stream,F("M%cA%c%d<;>F%d%d\n"),throttleChar,cmd[3],locoid,fstate,fKey);                     
-	}
-	//speed and direction will be published at next broadcast cycle
-	StringFormatter::send(stream, F("M%cA%c%d<;>s1\n"), throttleChar, cmd[3], locoid); //default speed step 128
-	return;
+      if (myLocos[loco].throttle=='\0') {
+	      myLocos[loco].throttle=throttleChar;
+	      myLocos[loco].cab=locoid; 
+	      myLocos[loco].functionMap=DCC::getFunctionMap(locoid); 
+	      myLocos[loco].broadcastPending=true; // means speed/dir will be sent later
+	      mostRecentCab=locoid;
+	      StringFormatter::send(stream, F("M%c+%c%d<;>\n"), throttleChar, cmd[3] ,locoid); //tell client to add loco
+	      sendFunctions(stream,loco);
+	      //speed and direction will be published at next broadcast cycle
+	      StringFormatter::send(stream, F("M%cA%c%d<;>s1\n"), throttleChar, cmd[3], locoid); //default speed step 128
+	      return;
       }
     }
     StringFormatter::send(stream, F("HMMax locos (%d) exceeded, %d not added!\n"), MAX_MY_LOCO ,locoid);                    
@@ -540,8 +379,6 @@ void WiThrottle::loop(RingStream * stream) {
   // for each WiThrottle, check the heartbeat and broadcast needed
   for (WiThrottle* wt=firstThrottle; wt!=NULL ; wt=wt->nextThrottle) 
     wt->checkHeartbeat(stream);
-  
-
 }
 
 void WiThrottle::checkHeartbeat(RingStream * stream) {
@@ -555,8 +392,8 @@ void WiThrottle::checkHeartbeat(RingStream * stream) {
 	heartBeat=millis(); // We have just stopped everyting, we don't need to do that again at next loop.
       }
     }
-    //haba no, not necessary the only throttle and it may come back
-    //delete this;
+    // if it does come back, the throttle should re-acquire 
+    delete this;
     return;
   }
    
@@ -656,5 +493,120 @@ void WiThrottle::getLocoCallback(int16_t locoid) {
   DIAG(F("LocoCallback commit success"));
   stashStream->commit();
   CommandDistributor::broadcastPower();
-
 }
+
+void WiThrottle::sendIntro(Print* stream) {
+  introSent=true; 
+  StringFormatter::send(stream,F("VN2.0\nHTDCC-EX\nRL0\n"));
+	StringFormatter::send(stream,F("HtDCC-EX v%S, %S, %S, %S\n"), F(VERSION), F(ARDUINO_TYPE), DCC::getMotorShieldName(), F(GITHUB_SHA));
+	StringFormatter::send(stream,F("PTT]\\[Turnouts}|{Turnout]\\[THROW}|{2]\\[CLOSE}|{4\n"));
+	StringFormatter::send(stream,F("PPA%x\n"),TrackManager::getMainPower()==POWERMODE::ON);     
+	// set heartbeat to 2 seconds because we need to sync the metadata (1 second is too short!)
+  StringFormatter::send(stream,F("*%d\nHMConnecting..\n"), HEARTBEAT_PRELOAD);
+}
+
+void WiThrottle::sendTurnouts(Print* stream) {
+     turnoutsSent=true;
+      StringFormatter::send(stream,F("PTL"));
+      for(Turnout *tt=Turnout::first();tt!=NULL;tt=tt->next()){
+          if (tt->isHidden()) continue;
+          int id=tt->getId();
+          const FSH * tdesc=NULL;
+          #ifdef EXRAIL_ACTIVE
+          tdesc=RMFT2::getTurnoutDescription(id);
+          #endif
+          char tchar=Turnout::isClosed(id)?'2':'4';
+          if (tdesc==NULL) // turnout with no description
+              StringFormatter::send(stream,F("]\\[%d}|{T%d}|{T%c"), id,id,tchar);
+	        else 
+              StringFormatter::send(stream,F("]\\[%d}|{%S}|{%c"), id,tdesc,tchar);
+      }
+      StringFormatter::send(stream,F("\n"));
+}
+void WiThrottle::sendRoster(Print* stream) {
+  rosterSent=true;
+  #ifdef EXRAIL_ACTIVE
+  StringFormatter::send(stream,F("RL%d"), RMFT2::rosterNameCount);
+  for (int16_t r=0;r<RMFT2::rosterNameCount;r++) {
+      int16_t cabid=GETHIGHFLASHW(RMFT2::rosterIdList,r*2);
+      StringFormatter::send(stream,F("]\\[%S}|{%d}|{%c"),
+      RMFT2::getRosterName(cabid),cabid,cabid<128?'S':'L');
+  }
+  StringFormatter::send(stream,F("\n"));       
+#endif
+}
+void WiThrottle::sendRoutes(Print* stream) {
+  routesSent=true; 
+  #ifdef EXRAIL_ACTIVE
+   StringFormatter::send(stream,F("PRT]\\[Routes}|{Route]\\[Set}|{2]\\[Handoff}|{4\nPRL"));
+    // first pass automations
+    for (int ix=0;;ix+=2) {
+        int16_t id =GETHIGHFLASHW(RMFT2::automationIdList,ix);
+        if (id==0) break;
+        const FSH * desc=RMFT2::getRouteDescription(id);
+        StringFormatter::send(stream,F("]\\[A%d}|{%S}|{4"),id,desc);
+    }
+    // second pass routes.
+    for (int ix=0;;ix+=2) {
+        int16_t id=GETHIGHFLASHW(RMFT2::routeIdList,ix);
+        if (id==0) break;
+        const FSH * desc=RMFT2::getRouteDescription(id);
+        StringFormatter::send(stream,F("]\\[R%d}|{%S}|{2"),id,desc);
+    }
+   StringFormatter::send(stream,F("\n"));
+    
+#endif
+}
+
+void WiThrottle::sendFunctions(Print* stream, byte loco) {
+  int16_t locoid=myLocos[loco].cab;
+  int fkeys=29;
+	myLocos[loco].functionToggles=1<<2; // F2 (HORN)  is a non-toggle
+        
+#ifdef EXRAIL_ACTIVE
+	const char * functionNames=(char *) RMFT2::getRosterFunctions(locoid);
+	if (!functionNames) {
+	  // no roster, use non-exrail presets as above 
+	}
+	else if (GETFLASH(functionNames)=='\0') {
+	  // "" = Roster but no functions given
+	  fkeys=0;
+	}  
+	else {
+	  // we have function names... 
+	  // scan names list emitting names, counting functions and 
+	  // flagging non-toggling things like horn.
+	  myLocos[loco].functionToggles =0;
+	  StringFormatter::send(stream, F("M%cL%c%d<;>]\\["), myLocos[loco].throttle,LorS(locoid),locoid);   
+	  fkeys=0;
+	  bool firstchar=true;
+	  for (int fx=0;;fx++) {
+	    char c=GETFLASH(functionNames+fx);
+	    if (c=='\0') {
+	      fkeys++;
+	      break;
+	    }
+	    if (c=='/') {
+	      fkeys++;
+	      StringFormatter::send(stream,F("]\\["));
+	      firstchar=true;
+	    }
+	    else if (firstchar && c=='*') {
+	      myLocos[loco].functionToggles |= 1UL<<fkeys;
+	      firstchar=false;
+	    } 
+	    else {
+	      firstchar=false;
+	      stream->write(c);
+	    }
+	  }
+	  StringFormatter::send(stream,F("\n"));
+	}
+        
+#endif
+	
+	for(int fKey=0; fKey<fkeys; fKey++) { 
+      int fstate=DCC::getFn(locoid,fKey);
+      if (fstate>=0) StringFormatter::send(stream,F("M%cA%c%d<;>F%d%d\n"),myLocos[loco].throttle,LorS(locoid),locoid,fstate,fKey);                     
+	}
+}

WiThrottle.h

@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ class WiThrottle {
     ~WiThrottle();
    
       static const int MAX_MY_LOCO=10;      // maximum number of locos assigned to a single client
-      static const int HEARTBEAT_SECONDS=10; // heartbeat at 4secs to provide messaging transport
+      static const int HEARTBEAT_SECONDS=10; // heartbeat at 10 secs to provide messaging transport
+      static const int HEARTBEAT_PRELOAD=2; // request fast callback when connecting multiple messages
       static const int ESTOP_SECONDS=20;     // eStop if no incoming messages for more than 8secs
       static WiThrottle* firstThrottle;
       static int getInt(byte * cmd);
@@ -61,10 +62,12 @@ class WiThrottle {
       MYLOCO myLocos[MAX_MY_LOCO];   
       bool heartBeatEnable;
       unsigned long heartBeat;
-      bool initSent; // valid connection established
-      bool exRailSent; // valid connection established
+      bool introSent=false; 
+      bool turnoutsSent=false; 
+      bool rosterSent=false; 
+      bool routesSent=false; 
+      bool heartrateSent=false;
       uint16_t mostRecentCab;
-      int turnoutListHash;  // used to check for changes to turnout list
       bool lastPowerState;  // last power state sent to this client
 
       int DCCToWiTSpeed(int DCCSpeed);
@@ -74,6 +77,11 @@ class WiThrottle {
       void accessory(RingStream *, byte* cmd);
       void checkHeartbeat(RingStream * stream); 
       void markForBroadcast2(int cab);
+      void sendIntro(Print * stream);
+      void sendTurnouts(Print * stream);
+      void sendRoster(Print * stream);
+      void sendRoutes(Print * stream);
+      void sendFunctions(Print* stream, byte loco);
        // callback stuff to support prog track acquire
        static RingStream * stashStream;
        static WiThrottle * stashInstance;

WifiInboundHandler.cpp

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ void WifiInboundHandler::loop1() {
      }
     
 
-    if (pendingCipsend) {
+    if (pendingCipsend && millis()-lastCIPSEND > CIPSENDgap) {
          if (Diag::WIFI) DIAG( F("WiFi: [[CIPSEND=%d,%d]]"), clientPendingCIPSEND, currentReplySize);
          StringFormatter::send(wifiStream, F("AT+CIPSEND=%d,%d\r\n"),  clientPendingCIPSEND, currentReplySize);
          pendingCipsend=false;
@@ -131,11 +131,13 @@ WifiInboundHandler::INBOUND_STATE WifiInboundHandler::loop2() {
        
         if (ch=='S') { // SEND OK probably 
           loopState=SKIPTOEND;
+          lastCIPSEND=0; // no need to wait next time 
           break;
         }
         
         if (ch=='b') {   // This is a busy indicator... probabaly must restart a CIPSEND  
            pendingCipsend=(clientPendingCIPSEND>=0);
+           if (pendingCipsend) lastCIPSEND=millis(); // forces a gap to next CIPSEND
            loopState=SKIPTOEND; 
            break; 
         }

WifiInboundHandler.h

@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ class WifiInboundHandler {
    Stream * wifiStream;
    
    static const int INBOUND_RING = 512;
-   static const int OUTBOUND_RING = 2048;
+   static const int OUTBOUND_RING = sizeof(void*)==2?2048:8192;
+ 
+   static const int CIPSENDgap=100; // millis() between retries of cipsend. 
  
    RingStream * inboundRing;
    RingStream * outboundRing;
@@ -79,5 +81,7 @@ class WifiInboundHandler {
   int clientPendingCIPSEND=-1;
   int currentReplySize;
   bool pendingCipsend;
+  uint32_t lastCIPSEND=0; // millis() of previous cipsend
+  
 };
 #endif

WifiInterface.cpp

@@ -344,11 +344,10 @@ void WifiInterface::ATCommand(HardwareSerial * stream,const byte * command) {
       while (wifiStream->available()) stream->write(wifiStream->read());
       if (stream->available()) {
         int cx=stream->read();
-        // A newline followed by !!! is an exit
+        // A newline followed by ! is an exit
         if (cx=='\n' || cx=='\r') startOfLine=true; 
         else if (startOfLine && cx=='!')  break;
         else startOfLine=false; 
-        stream->write(cx);
         wifiStream->write(cx);  
       }
     }
@@ -377,11 +376,12 @@ bool WifiInterface::checkForOK( const unsigned int timeout, const FSH * waitfor,
   char *locator = (char *)waitfor;
   DIAG(F("Wifi Check: [%E]"), waitfor);
   while ( millis() - startTime < timeout) {
-    while (wifiStream->available()) {
-      int ch = wifiStream->read();
+    int nextchar;
+    while (wifiStream->available() && (nextchar = wifiStream->read()) > -1) {
+      char ch = (char)nextchar;
       if (echo) {
         if (escapeEcho) StringFormatter::printEscape( ch); /// THIS IS A DIAG IN DISGUISE
-        else USB_SERIAL.print((char)ch); 
+        else USB_SERIAL.print(ch);
       }
       if (ch != GETFLASH(locator)) locator = (char *)waitfor;
       if (ch == GETFLASH(locator)) {

defines.h

@@ -149,6 +149,12 @@
 #define CPU_TYPE_ERROR
 #endif
 
+// replace board type if provided by compiler
+#ifdef BOARD_NAME
+  #undef ARDUINO_TYPE
+  #define ARDUINO_TYPE BOARD_NAME
+#endif
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //
 // WIFI_ON: All prereqs for running with WIFI are met

platformio.ini

@@ -50,17 +50,18 @@ monitor_speed = 115200
 monitor_echo = yes
 build_flags = -std=c++17
 
-[env:samc21-firebox]
-platform = atmelsam
-board = firebox
-framework = arduino
-upload_protocol = atmel-ice
-lib_deps = 
-	${env.lib_deps}
-	SparkFun External EEPROM Arduino Library
-monitor_speed = 115200
-monitor_echo = yes
-build_flags = -std=c++17
+; Firebox disabled for now
+; [env:samc21-firebox]
+; platform = atmelsam
+; board = firebox
+; framework = arduino
+; upload_protocol = atmel-ice
+; lib_deps = 
+;	${env.lib_deps}
+;	SparkFun External EEPROM Arduino Library
+;monitor_speed = 115200
+;monitor_echo = yes
+;build_flags = -std=c++17
 
 [env:mega2560-debug]
 platform = atmelavr
@@ -108,6 +109,10 @@ lib_deps =
 	SPI
 monitor_speed = 115200
 monitor_echo = yes
+; Example, but v12 does generate bigger binaries
+; platform_packages = toolchain-atmelavr@symlink:///opt/avr-gcc-12.1.0-x64-linux
+; Should make binaries smaller
+build_flags = -mcall-prologues
 
 [env:mega328]
 platform = atmelavr
@@ -155,6 +160,8 @@ lib_deps =
 	SPI
 monitor_speed = 115200
 monitor_echo = yes
+; Should make binaries smaller
+build_flags = -mcall-prologues
 
 [env:nano]
 platform = atmelavr
@@ -177,7 +184,7 @@ platform = ststm32
 board = nucleo_f411re
 framework = arduino
 lib_deps = ${env.lib_deps}
-build_flags = -std=c++17 -DDISABLE_EEPROM -Os -g2
+build_flags = -std=c++17  -Os -g2
 monitor_speed = 115200
 monitor_echo = yes
 
@@ -185,7 +192,7 @@ monitor_echo = yes
 platform = teensy
 board = teensy31
 framework = arduino
-build_flags = -std=c++17 -DDISABLE_EEPROM -Os -g2
+build_flags = -std=c++17  -Os -g2
 lib_deps = ${env.lib_deps}
 lib_ignore = NativeEthernet
 
@@ -193,7 +200,7 @@ lib_ignore = NativeEthernet
 platform = teensy
 board = teensy35
 framework = arduino
-build_flags = -std=c++17 -DDISABLE_EEPROM -Os -g2
+build_flags = -std=c++17  -Os -g2
 lib_deps = ${env.lib_deps}
 lib_ignore = NativeEthernet
 
@@ -201,7 +208,7 @@ lib_ignore = NativeEthernet
 platform = teensy
 board = teensy36
 framework = arduino
-build_flags = -std=c++17 -DDISABLE_EEPROM -Os -g2
+build_flags = -std=c++17  -Os -g2
 lib_deps = ${env.lib_deps}
 lib_ignore = NativeEthernet
 
@@ -209,7 +216,7 @@ lib_ignore = NativeEthernet
 platform = teensy
 board = teensy40
 framework = arduino
-build_flags = -std=c++17 -DDISABLE_EEPROM -Os -g2
+build_flags = -std=c++17  -Os -g2
 lib_deps = ${env.lib_deps}
 lib_ignore = NativeEthernet
 
@@ -217,6 +224,6 @@ lib_ignore = NativeEthernet
 platform = teensy
 board = teensy41
 framework = arduino
-build_flags = -std=c++17 -DDISABLE_EEPROM -Os -g2
+build_flags = -std=c++17  -Os -g2
 lib_deps = ${env.lib_deps}
 lib_ignore =

version.h

@@ -4,7 +4,14 @@
 #include "StringFormatter.h"
 
 
-#define VERSION "4.2.5"
+#define VERSION "4.2.8pre1"
+// 4.2.8 HIGHMEM (EXRAIL support beyond 64kb)
+//       Withrottle connect/disconnect improvements
+//       Report BOARD_TYPE if provided by compiler
+// 4.2.7 FIX: Static IP addr
+//       FIX: Reuse WiThrottle list entries
+// 4.2.6 FIX: Remove RAM thief
+//       FIX: ADC port 8-15 fix
 // 4.2.5 Make GETFLASHW code more universal
 //       FIX: Withrottle roster index
 //       Ethernet start improvement and link detection