CommandStation-EX/DCCWaveform.cpp

/*
 *  © 2020, Chris Harlow. All rights reserved.
 *  
 *  This file is part of Asbelos DCC API
 *
 *  This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with CommandStation.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
#include <Arduino.h>
#include "Hardware.h"
#include "DCCWaveform.h"
#include "DIAG.h"

DCCWaveform  DCCWaveform::mainTrack(PREAMBLE_BITS_MAIN, true,  (int)(MAIN_MAX_MILLIAMPS / MAIN_SENSE_FACTOR));
DCCWaveform  DCCWaveform::progTrack(PREAMBLE_BITS_PROG, false, (int)(PROG_MAX_MILLIAMPS / PROG_SENSE_FACTOR));

const int ACK_MIN_PULSE_RAW=65 / PROG_SENSE_FACTOR;



void DCCWaveform::begin() {
  Hardware::init();
  Hardware::setCallback(58, interruptHandler);
  mainTrack.beginTrack();
  progTrack.beginTrack();
}

void DCCWaveform::loop() {
  mainTrack.checkPowerOverload();
  progTrack.checkPowerOverload();
}


// static //
void DCCWaveform::interruptHandler() {
  // call the timer edge sensitive actions for progtrack and maintrack
  bool mainCall2 = mainTrack.interrupt1();
  bool progCall2 = progTrack.interrupt1();

  // call (if necessary) the procs to get the current bits
  // these must complete within 50microsecs of the interrupt
  // but they are only called ONCE PER BIT TRANSMITTED
  // after the rising edge of the signal
  if (mainCall2) mainTrack.interrupt2();
  if (progCall2) progTrack.interrupt2();
}


// An instance of this class handles the DCC transmissions for one track. (main or prog)
// Interrupts are marshalled via the statics.
// A track has a current transmit buffer, and a pending buffer.
// When the current buffer is exhausted, either the pending buffer (if there is one waiting) or an idle buffer.


// This bitmask has 9 entries as each byte is trasmitted as a zero + 8 bits.
const byte bitMask[] = {0x00, 0x80, 0x40, 0x20, 0x10, 0x08, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01};


DCCWaveform::DCCWaveform( byte preambleBits, bool isMain, int rawCurrentTrip) {
  // establish appropriate pins
  rawCurrentTripValue=rawCurrentTrip;
  isMainTrack = isMain;
  packetPending = false;
  memcpy(transmitPacket, idlePacket, sizeof(idlePacket));
  state = 0;
  // The +1 below is to allow the preamble generator to create the stop bit
  // fpr the previous packet. 
  requiredPreambles = preambleBits+1;  
  bytes_sent = 0;
  bits_sent = 0;
  sampleDelay = 0;
  lastSampleTaken = millis();
  ackPending=false;    
}
void DCCWaveform::beginTrack() {
  setPowerMode(POWERMODE::ON);
   
}

POWERMODE DCCWaveform::getPowerMode() {
  return powerMode;
}

void DCCWaveform::setPowerMode(POWERMODE mode) {
  powerMode = mode;
  Hardware::setPower(isMainTrack, mode == POWERMODE::ON);
  if (mode == POWERMODE::ON) delay(200);
}


void DCCWaveform::checkPowerOverload() {
  if (millis() - lastSampleTaken  < sampleDelay) return;
  lastSampleTaken = millis();
  
  switch (powerMode) {
    case POWERMODE::OFF:
      sampleDelay = POWER_SAMPLE_OFF_WAIT;
      break;
    case POWERMODE::ON:
      // Check current
      lastCurrent = Hardware::getCurrentRaw(isMainTrack);
      if (lastCurrent <= rawCurrentTripValue)  sampleDelay = POWER_SAMPLE_ON_WAIT;
      else {
        setPowerMode(POWERMODE::OVERLOAD);
        unsigned int mA=Hardware::getCurrentMilliamps(isMainTrack,lastCurrent);
        unsigned int maxmA=Hardware::getCurrentMilliamps(isMainTrack,rawCurrentTripValue);
        DIAG(F("\n*** %S TRACK POWER OVERLOAD current=%d max=%d ***\n"), isMainTrack ? F("MAIN") : F("PROG"), mA, maxmA);
        sampleDelay = POWER_SAMPLE_OVERLOAD_WAIT;
      }
      break;
    case POWERMODE::OVERLOAD:
      // Try setting it back on after the OVERLOAD_WAIT
      setPowerMode(POWERMODE::ON);
      sampleDelay = POWER_SAMPLE_ON_WAIT;
      break;
    default:
      sampleDelay = 999; // cant get here..meaningless statement to avoid compiler warning.
  }
}





// process time-edge sensitive part of interrupt
// return true if second level required
bool DCCWaveform::interrupt1() {
  // NOTE: this must consume transmission buffers even if the power is off
  // otherwise can cause hangs in main loop waiting for the pendingBuffer.
  switch (state) {
    case 0:  // start of bit transmission
      Hardware::setSignal(isMainTrack, HIGH);
      state = 1;
      return true; // must call interrupt2 to set currentBit

    case 1:  // 58us after case 0
      if (currentBit) {
        Hardware::setSignal(isMainTrack, LOW);
        state = 0;
      }
      else state = 2;
      break;
    case 2:  // 116us after case 0
      Hardware::setSignal(isMainTrack, LOW);
      state = 3;
      break;
    case 3:  // finished sending zero bit
      state = 0;
      break;
  }

  // ACK check is prog track only and will only be checked if 
  // this is not case(0) which needs  relatively expensive packet change code to be called.
  if (ackPending) checkAck();

  return false;

}


void DCCWaveform::interrupt2() {
  // set currentBit to be the next bit to be sent.

  if (remainingPreambles > 0 ) {
    currentBit = true;
    remainingPreambles--;
    return;
  }

  // beware OF 9-BIT MASK  generating a zero to start each byte
  currentBit = transmitPacket[bytes_sent] & bitMask[bits_sent];
  bits_sent++;

  // If this is the last bit of a byte, prepare for the next byte

  if (bits_sent == 9) { // zero followed by 8 bits of a byte
    //end of Byte
    bits_sent = 0;
    bytes_sent++;
    // if this is the last byte, prepere for next packet
    if (bytes_sent >= transmitLength) {
      // end of transmission buffer... repeat or switch to next message
      bytes_sent = 0;
      remainingPreambles = requiredPreambles;

      if (transmitRepeats > 0) {
        transmitRepeats--;
      }
      else if (packetPending) {
        // Copy pending packet to transmit packet
        for (int b = 0; b < pendingLength; b++) transmitPacket[b] = pendingPacket[b];
        transmitLength = pendingLength;
        transmitRepeats = pendingRepeats;
        packetPending = false;
        sentResetsSincePacket=0;
      }
      else {
        // Fortunately reset and idle packets are the same length
        memcpy( transmitPacket, isMainTrack ? idlePacket : resetPacket, sizeof(idlePacket));
        transmitLength = sizeof(idlePacket);
        transmitRepeats = 0;
        if (sentResetsSincePacket<250) sentResetsSincePacket++;
      }
    }
  }  
}



// Wait until there is no packet pending, then make this pending
void DCCWaveform::schedulePacket(const byte buffer[], byte byteCount, byte repeats) {
  if (byteCount >= MAX_PACKET_SIZE) return; // allow for chksum
  while (packetPending);

  byte checksum = 0;
  for (int b = 0; b < byteCount; b++) {
    checksum ^= buffer[b];
    pendingPacket[b] = buffer[b];
  }
  pendingPacket[byteCount] = checksum;
  pendingLength = byteCount + 1;
  pendingRepeats = repeats;
  packetPending = true;
  sentResetsSincePacket=0;
}

int DCCWaveform::getLastCurrent() {
   return lastCurrent;
}

// Operations applicable to PROG track ONLY.
// (yes I know I could have subclassed the main track but...) 

void DCCWaveform::setAckBaseline(bool debug) {
      if (isMainTrack) return; 
      ackThreshold=Hardware::getCurrentRaw(false) + ACK_MIN_PULSE_RAW;
      if (debug) DIAG(F("\nACK-BASELINE %d/%dmA"),ackThreshold,Hardware::getCurrentMilliamps(false,ackThreshold));
}

void DCCWaveform::setAckPending(bool debug) {
      if (isMainTrack) return; 
      (void)debug;
      ackMaxCurrent=0;
      ackPulseStart=0;
      ackPulseDuration=0;
      ackDetected=false;
      ackCheckStart=millis();
      ackPending=true;  // interrupt routines will now take note
}

byte DCCWaveform::getAck(bool debug) {
      if (ackPending) return (2);  // still waiting
      if (debug) DIAG(F("\nACK-%S after %dmS max=%d/%dmA pulse=%duS"),ackDetected?F("OK"):F("FAIL"), ackCheckDuration, 
           ackMaxCurrent,Hardware::getCurrentMilliamps(false,ackMaxCurrent), ackPulseDuration);
      if (ackDetected) return (1); // Yes we had an ack
      return(0);  // pending set off but not detected means no ACK.   
}

void DCCWaveform::checkAck() {
    // This function operates in interrupt() time so must be fast and can't DIAG 
    
    if (sentResetsSincePacket > 6) {  //ACK timeout
        ackCheckDuration=millis()-ackCheckStart;
        ackPending = false;
        return; 
    }
      
    lastCurrent=Hardware::getCurrentRaw(false);
    if (lastCurrent > ackMaxCurrent) ackMaxCurrent=lastCurrent;
    // An ACK is a pulse lasting between MIN_ACK_PULSE_DURATION and MAX_ACK_PULSE_DURATION uSecs (refer @haba)
        
    if (lastCurrent>ackThreshold) {
       if (ackPulseStart==0) ackPulseStart=micros();    // leading edge of pulse detected
       return;
    }
    
    // not in pulse
    if (ackPulseStart==0) return; // keep waiting for leading edge 
    
    // detected trailing edge of pulse
    ackPulseDuration=micros()-ackPulseStart;
               
    if (ackPulseDuration>=MIN_ACK_PULSE_DURATION && ackPulseDuration<=MAX_ACK_PULSE_DURATION) {
        ackCheckDuration=millis()-ackCheckStart;
        ackDetected=true;
        ackPending=false;
        transmitRepeats=0;  // shortcut remaining repeat packets 
        return;  // we have a genuine ACK result
    }      
    ackPulseStart=0;  // We have detected a too-short or too-long pulse so ignore and wait for next leading edge 
}