version tag

* Update WifiESP32.cpp

Fix SSID for AP from DCC_ to DCCEX_

* Update version.h to 4.2.59

.gitignore

@@ -7,16 +7,9 @@ Release/*
 .pio/
 .vscode/
 config.h
-.vscode/*
-# mySetup.h
 mySetup.cpp
 myHal.cpp
-# myAutomation.h
 myFilter.cpp
-# myAutomation.h
-# myLayout.h
 my*.h
 !my*.example.h
-.vscode/extensions.json
-.vscode/extensions.json
 compile_commands.json

.vscode/extensions.json

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-{
-    // See http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=827846
-    // for the documentation about the extensions.json format
-    "recommendations": [
-        "platformio.platformio-ide"
-    ],
-    "unwantedRecommendations": [
-        "ms-vscode.cpptools-extension-pack"
-    ]
-}

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "files.associations": {
-        "array": "cpp",
-        "deque": "cpp",
-        "string": "cpp",
-        "unordered_map": "cpp",
-        "vector": "cpp",
-        "string_view": "cpp",
-        "initializer_list": "cpp",
-        "cstdint": "cpp"
-    }
-}

CommandDistributor.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  *  © 2022 Harald Barth
  *  © 2020-2021 Chris Harlow
  *  © 2020 Gregor Baues
+ *  © 2022 Colin Murdoch
  *  All rights reserved.
  *
  *  This file is part of CommandStation-EX
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ void  CommandDistributor::broadcastClockTime(int16_t time, int8_t rate) {
   // be safe for both types.
   broadcastReply(COMMAND_TYPE, F("<jC %d %d>\n"),time, rate);
 #ifdef CD_HANDLE_RING
-  broadcastReply(WITHROTTLE_TYPE, F("PFT%d<;>%d\n"), time*60, rate);
+  broadcastReply(WITHROTTLE_TYPE, F("PFT%l<;>%d\n"), (int32_t)time*60, rate);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -204,6 +205,39 @@ int16_t CommandDistributor::retClockTime() {
 void  CommandDistributor::broadcastLoco(byte slot) {
   DCC::LOCO * sp=&DCC::speedTable[slot];
   broadcastReply(COMMAND_TYPE, F("<l %d %d %d %l>\n"), sp->loco,slot,sp->speedCode,sp->functions);
+#ifdef SABERTOOTH
+  if (Serial2 && sp->loco == SABERTOOTH) {
+    static uint8_t rampingmode = 0;
+    bool direction = (sp->speedCode & 0x80) !=0; // true for forward
+    int32_t speed = sp->speedCode & 0x7f;
+    if (speed == 1) { // emergency stop
+      if (rampingmode != 1) {
+	rampingmode = 1;
+	Serial2.print("R1: 0\r\n");
+	Serial2.print("R2: 0\r\n");
+      }
+      Serial2.print("MD: 0\r\n");
+    } else {
+      if (speed != 0) {
+        // speed is here 2 to 127
+	speed = (speed - 1) * 1625 / 100;
+	speed = speed * (direction ? 1 : -1);
+	// speed is here -2047 to 2047
+      }
+      if (rampingmode != 2) {
+	rampingmode = 2;
+	Serial2.print("R1: 2047\r\n");
+	Serial2.print("R2: 2047\r\n");
+      }
+      Serial2.print("M1: ");
+      Serial2.print(speed);
+      Serial2.print("\r\n");
+      Serial2.print("M2: ");
+      Serial2.print(speed);
+      Serial2.print("\r\n");
+    }
+  }
+#endif
 #ifdef CD_HANDLE_RING
   WiThrottle::markForBroadcast(sp->loco);
 #endif
@@ -227,11 +261,8 @@ void  CommandDistributor::broadcastPower() {
   LCD(2,F("Power %S%S"),state=='1'?F("On"):F("Off"),reason);  
 }
 
-void CommandDistributor::broadcastText(const FSH * msg) {
-  broadcastReply(COMMAND_TYPE, F("<I %S>\n"),msg);
-#ifdef CD_HANDLE_RING
-  broadcastReply(WITHROTTLE_TYPE, F("Hm%S\n"), msg);
-#endif
+void CommandDistributor::broadcastRaw(clientType type, char * msg) {
+  broadcastReply(type, F("%s"),msg);
 }
 
 void CommandDistributor::broadcastTrackState(const FSH* format,byte trackLetter,int16_t dcAddr) {

CommandDistributor.h

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
  *  © 2022 Harald Barth
  *  © 2020-2021 Chris Harlow
  *  © 2020 Gregor Baues
+ *  © 2022 Colin Murdoch
+ * 
  *  All rights reserved.
  *
  *  This file is part of CommandStation-EX
@@ -33,8 +35,9 @@
 #endif 
 
 class CommandDistributor {
-private:
+public:
   enum clientType: byte {NONE_TYPE,COMMAND_TYPE,WITHROTTLE_TYPE};
+private:
   static void broadcastToClients(clientType type);
   static StringBuffer * broadcastBufferWriter;
   #ifdef CD_HANDLE_RING
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ public :
   static void setClockTime(int16_t time, int8_t rate, byte opt);
   static int16_t retClockTime();
   static void broadcastPower();
-  static void broadcastText(const FSH * msg);
+  static void broadcastRaw(clientType type,char * msg);
   static void broadcastTrackState(const FSH* format,byte trackLetter,int16_t dcAddr);
   template<typename... Targs> static void broadcastReply(clientType type, Targs... msg);
   static void forget(byte clientId);

CommandStation-EX.ino

@@ -75,6 +75,15 @@ void setup()
 
   DIAG(F("License GPLv3 fsf.org (c) dcc-ex.com"));
 
+// Initialise HAL layer before reading EEprom or setting up MotorDrivers 
+  IODevice::begin();
+
+  // As the setup of a motor shield may require a read of the current sense input from the ADC,
+  // let's make sure to initialise the ADCee class!
+  ADCee::begin();
+  // Set up MotorDrivers early to initialize all pins
+  TrackManager::Setup(MOTOR_SHIELD_TYPE);
+
   DISPLAY_START (
     // This block is still executed for DIAGS if display not in use
     LCD(0,F("DCC-EX v%S"),F(VERSION));
@@ -96,19 +105,9 @@ void setup()
 #if ETHERNET_ON
   EthernetInterface::setup();
 #endif // ETHERNET_ON
-
-  // Initialise HAL layer before reading EEprom or setting up MotorDrivers 
-  IODevice::begin();
-
-  // As the setup of a motor shield may require a read of the current sense input from the ADC,
-  // let's make sure to initialise the ADCee class!
-  ADCee::begin();
+  
   // Responsibility 3: Start the DCC engine.
-  // Note: this provides DCC with two motor drivers, main and prog, which handle the motor shield(s)
-  // Standard supported devices have pre-configured macros but custome hardware installations require
-  //  detailed pin mappings and may also require modified subclasses of the MotorDriver to implement specialist logic.
-  // STANDARD_MOTOR_SHIELD, POLOLU_MOTOR_SHIELD, FIREBOX_MK1, FIREBOX_MK1S are pre defined in MotorShields.h
-  TrackManager::Setup(MOTOR_SHIELD_TYPE);
+  DCC::begin();
 
   // Start RMFT aka EX-RAIL (ignored if no automnation)
   RMFT::begin();

DCC.cpp

@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ const byte FN_GROUP_5=0x10;
 FSH* DCC::shieldName=NULL;
 byte DCC::globalSpeedsteps=128;
 
-void DCC::begin(const FSH * motorShieldName) {
-  shieldName=(FSH *)motorShieldName;
+void DCC::begin() {
   StringFormatter::send(&USB_SERIAL,F("<iDCC-EX V-%S / %S / %S G-%S>\n"), F(VERSION), F(ARDUINO_TYPE), shieldName, F(GITHUB_SHA));
 #ifndef DISABLE_EEPROM
   // Load stuff from EEprom
@@ -693,7 +692,7 @@ void  DCC::updateLocoReminder(int loco, byte speedCode) {
 
   if (loco==0) {
      // broadcast stop/estop but dont change direction
-     for (int reg = 0; reg < highestUsedReg; reg++) {
+     for (int reg = 0; reg <= highestUsedReg; reg++) {
        if (speedTable[reg].loco==0) continue;
        byte newspeed=(speedTable[reg].speedCode & 0x80) |  (speedCode & 0x7f);
        if (speedTable[reg].speedCode != newspeed) {

DCC.h

@@ -51,7 +51,10 @@ const byte MAX_LOCOS = 30;
 class DCC
 {
 public:
-  static void begin(const FSH * motorShieldName);
+  static inline void setShieldName(const FSH * motorShieldName) {
+    shieldName=(FSH *)motorShieldName;
+  };
+  static void begin();
   static void loop();
 
   // Public DCC API functions

DCCACK.cpp

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ byte DCCACK::getAck() {
       return(0);  // pending set off but not detected means no ACK.   
 }
 
-
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
 void DCCACK::loop() {
   while (ackManagerProg) {
     byte opcode=GETFLASH(ackManagerProg);
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ void DCCACK::callback(int value) {
           (ackManagerCallback)( value);
     }
 }
-
+#endif
 
 void DCCACK::checkAck(byte sentResetsSincePacket) {
     if (!ackPending) return; 

DCCEXParser.cpp

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
  *  © 2021 Neil McKechnie
  *  © 2021 Mike S
  *  © 2021 Herb Morton
- *  © 2020-2022 Harald Barth
+ *  © 2020-2023 Harald Barth
  *  © 2020-2021 M Steve Todd
  *  © 2020-2021 Fred Decker
  *  © 2020-2021 Chris Harlow
+ *  © 2022 Colin Murdoch
  *  All rights reserved.
  *  
  *  This file is part of CommandStation-EX
@@ -46,16 +47,14 @@
 #define SENDFLASHLIST(stream,flashList)                 \
     for (int16_t i=0;;i+=sizeof(flashList[0])) {                            \
         int16_t value=GETHIGHFLASHW(flashList,i);       \
-        if (value==0) break;                            \
-        StringFormatter::send(stream,F(" %d"),value);   \
+        if (value==INT16_MAX) break;                            \
+        if (value != 0) StringFormatter::send(stream,F(" %d"),value);	\
     }                                   
 
 
 // These keywords are used in the <1> command. The number is what you get if you use the keyword as a parameter.
 // To discover new keyword numbers , use the <$ YOURKEYWORD> command
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_PROG = -29718;
 const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_MAIN = 11339;
-const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_JOIN = -30750;
 const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_CABS = -11981;
 const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_RAM = 25982;
 const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_CMD = 9962;
@@ -63,7 +62,11 @@ const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_ACK = 3113;
 const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_ON = 2657;
 const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_DCC = 6436;
 const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_SLOW = -17209;
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
+const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_JOIN = -30750;
+const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_PROG = -29718;
 const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_PROGBOOST = -6353;
+#endif
 #ifndef DISABLE_EEPROM
 const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_EEPROM = -7168;
 #endif
@@ -285,6 +288,8 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
 
         if (direction < 0 || direction > 1)
             break; // invalid direction code
+	if (cab > 10239 || cab < 0)
+	    break; // beyond DCC range
 
         DCC::setThrottle(cab, tspeed, direction);
         if (params == 4) // send obsolete format T response
@@ -344,6 +349,20 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
             return;
         break;
 
+    case 'z':  // direct pin manipulation
+        if (p[0]==0) break; 
+        if (params==1) {  // <z vpin | -vpin> 
+            if (p[0]>0) IODevice::write(p[0],HIGH);
+            else IODevice::write(-p[0],LOW);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (params>=2 && params<=4) { // <z vpin ana;og profile duration> 
+            // unused params default to 0           
+            IODevice::writeAnalogue(p[0],p[1],p[2],p[3]);
+            return;
+        }
+        break; 
+
     case 'Z': // OUTPUT <Z ...>
         if (parseZ(stream, params, p))
             return;
@@ -354,6 +373,7 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
             return;
         break;
 
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
     case 'w': // WRITE CV on MAIN <w CAB CV VALUE>
         DCC::writeCVByteMain(p[0], p[1], p[2]);
         return;
@@ -361,9 +381,12 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
     case 'b': // WRITE CV BIT ON MAIN <b CAB CV BIT VALUE>
         DCC::writeCVBitMain(p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3]);
         return;
+#endif
 
     case 'M': // WRITE TRANSPARENT DCC PACKET MAIN <M REG X1 ... X9>
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
     case 'P': // WRITE TRANSPARENT DCC PACKET PROG <P REG X1 ... X9>
+#endif
         // NOTE: this command was parsed in HEX instead of decimal
         params--; // drop REG
         if (params<1) break;
@@ -378,6 +401,7 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
         }
         return;
         
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
     case 'W': // WRITE CV ON PROG <W CV VALUE CALLBACKNUM CALLBACKSUB>
             if (!stashCallback(stream, p, ringStream))
                 break;
@@ -435,6 +459,7 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
             return;
         }
         break;
+#endif
 
     case '1': // POWERON <1   [MAIN|PROG|JOIN]>
         {
@@ -442,22 +467,24 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
         bool prog=false;
         bool join=false;
         if (params > 1) break;
-        if (params==0 || MotorDriver::commonFaultPin) { // <1> or tracks can not be handled individually
+        if (params==0) { // All
             main=true;
             prog=true;
         }
 	if (params==1) {
-	  if (p[0] == HASH_KEYWORD_JOIN) {  // <1 JOIN>
+	  if (p[0]==HASH_KEYWORD_MAIN) { // <1 MAIN>
+            main=true;
+	  }
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
+	  else if (p[0] == HASH_KEYWORD_JOIN) {  // <1 JOIN>
             main=true;
             prog=true;
             join=true;
 	  }
-	  else if (p[0]==HASH_KEYWORD_MAIN) { // <1 MAIN>
-            main=true;
-	  }
 	  else if (p[0]==HASH_KEYWORD_PROG) { // <1 PROG>
             prog=true;
 	  }
+#endif
 	  else break; // will reply <X>
 	}
         if (main) TrackManager::setMainPower(POWERMODE::ON);
@@ -473,7 +500,7 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
         bool main=false;
         bool prog=false;
         if (params > 1) break;
-        if (params==0 || MotorDriver::commonFaultPin) { // <0> or tracks can not be handled individually
+        if (params==0) { // All
 	  main=true;
 	  prog=true;
         }
@@ -481,9 +508,11 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
 	  if (p[0]==HASH_KEYWORD_MAIN) { // <0 MAIN>
 	    main=true;
 	  }
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
 	  else if (p[0]==HASH_KEYWORD_PROG) { // <0 PROG>
 	    prog=true;
 	  }
+#endif
 	  else break; // will reply <X>
 	}
 
@@ -516,9 +545,7 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
         StringFormatter::send(stream, F("<iDCC-EX V-%S / %S / %S G-%S>\n"), F(VERSION), F(ARDUINO_TYPE), DCC::getMotorShieldName(), F(GITHUB_SHA));
         CommandDistributor::broadcastPower(); // <s> is the only "get power status" command we have
         Turnout::printAll(stream); //send all Turnout states
-        Output::printAll(stream);  //send all Output  states
         Sensor::printAll(stream);  //send all Sensor  states
-        // TODO Send stats of  speed reminders table
         return;       
 
 #ifndef DISABLE_EEPROM
@@ -625,8 +652,12 @@ void DCCEXParser::parseOne(Print *stream, byte *com, RingStream * ringStream)
                 if (params==1) {
                     SENDFLASHLIST(stream,RMFT2::rosterIdList)
                 }
-                else StringFormatter::send(stream,F(" %d \"%S\" \"%S\""), 
-                    id, RMFT2::getRosterName(id), RMFT2::getRosterFunctions(id));
+                else {
+		  const FSH * functionNames= RMFT2::getRosterFunctions(id);
+		  StringFormatter::send(stream,F(" %d \"%S\" \"%S\""), 
+					id, RMFT2::getRosterName(id),
+					functionNames == NULL ? RMFT2::getRosterFunctions(0) : functionNames);
+		}
 #endif          
                 StringFormatter::send(stream, F(">\n"));      
                 return; 
@@ -880,6 +911,7 @@ bool DCCEXParser::parseD(Print *stream, int16_t params, int16_t p[])
         StringFormatter::send(stream, F("Free memory=%d\n"), DCCTimer::getMinimumFreeMemory());
         break;
 
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
     case HASH_KEYWORD_ACK: // <D ACK ON/OFF> <D ACK [LIMIT|MIN|MAX|RETRY] Value>
 	if (params >= 3) {
 	    if (p[1] == HASH_KEYWORD_LIMIT) {
@@ -900,6 +932,7 @@ bool DCCEXParser::parseD(Print *stream, int16_t params, int16_t p[])
 	  Diag::ACK = onOff;
 	}
         return true;
+#endif
 
     case HASH_KEYWORD_CMD: // <D CMD ON/OFF>
         Diag::CMD = onOff;
@@ -922,11 +955,11 @@ bool DCCEXParser::parseD(Print *stream, int16_t params, int16_t p[])
         Diag::LCN = onOff;
         return true;
 #endif
-
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
     case HASH_KEYWORD_PROGBOOST:
         TrackManager::progTrackBoosted=true;
 	    return true;
-
+#endif
     case HASH_KEYWORD_RESET:
         DCCTimer::reset();
         break; // and <X> if we didnt restart 
@@ -955,7 +988,7 @@ bool DCCEXParser::parseD(Print *stream, int16_t params, int16_t p[])
         break;
 
     case HASH_KEYWORD_ANIN:   // <D ANIN vpin>  Display analogue input value
-        DIAG(F("VPIN=%d value=%d"), p[1], IODevice::readAnalogue(p[1]));
+        DIAG(F("VPIN=%u value=%d"), p[1], IODevice::readAnalogue(p[1]));
         break;
 
 #if !defined(IO_NO_HAL)

DCCTimer.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
- *  © 2022 Paul M. Antoine
+ *  © 2022-2023 Paul M. Antoine
  *  © 2021 Mike S
- *  © 2021-2022 Harald Barth
+ *  © 2021-2023 Harald Barth
  *  © 2021 Fred Decker
  *  All rights reserved.
  *  
@@ -62,6 +62,9 @@ class DCCTimer {
   static bool isPWMPin(byte pin);
   static void setPWM(byte pin, bool high);
   static void clearPWM();
+  static void DCCEXanalogWriteFrequency(uint8_t pin, uint32_t frequency);
+  static void DCCEXanalogWrite(uint8_t pin, int value);
+
 // Update low ram level.  Allow for extra bytes to be specified
 // by estimation or inspection, that may be used by other 
 // called subroutines.  Must be called with interrupts disabled.
@@ -102,9 +105,14 @@ private:
 // that an offset can be initialized.
 class ADCee {
 public:
-  // init does add the pin to the list of scanned pins (if this
+  // begin is called for any setup that must be done before
+  // **init** can be called. On some architectures this involves ADC
+  // initialisation and clock routing, sampling times etc.
+  static void begin();
+  // init adds the pin to the list of scanned pins (if this
   // platform's implementation scans pins) and returns the first
-  // read value. It is called before the regular scan is started.
+  // read value (which is why it required begin to have been called first!)
+  // It must be called before the regular scan is started.
   static int init(uint8_t pin);
   // read does read the pin value from the scanned cache or directly
   // if this is a platform that does not scan. fromISR is a hint if
@@ -113,19 +121,15 @@ public:
   static int read(uint8_t pin, bool fromISR=false);
   // returns possible max value that the ADC can return
   static int16_t ADCmax();
-  // begin is called for any setup that must be done before
-  // scan can be called.
-  static void begin();
 private:
   // On platforms that scan, it is called from waveform ISR
   // only on a regular basis.
   static void scan();
   // bit array of used pins (max 16)
   static uint16_t usedpins;
+  static uint8_t highestPin;
   // cached analog values (malloc:ed to actual number of ADC channels)
   static int *analogvals;
-  // ids to scan (new way)
-  static byte *idarr;
   // friend so that we can call scan() and begin()
   friend class DCCWaveform;
   };

DCCTimerAVR.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  *  © 2021 Mike S
- *  © 2021-2022 Harald Barth
+ *  © 2021-2023 Harald Barth
  *  © 2021 Fred Decker
  *  © 2021 Chris Harlow
  *  © 2021 David Cutting
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@
 #include <avr/boot.h> 
 #include <avr/wdt.h>
 #include "DCCTimer.h"
+#ifdef DEBUG_ADC
+#include "TrackManager.h"
+#endif
 INTERRUPT_CALLBACK interruptHandler=0;
 
   // Arduino nano, uno, mega etc
@@ -128,8 +131,8 @@ void DCCTimer::reset() {
 #define NUM_ADC_INPUTS 8
 #endif
 uint16_t ADCee::usedpins = 0;
+uint8_t ADCee::highestPin = 0;
 int * ADCee::analogvals = NULL;
-byte *ADCee::idarr = NULL;
 static bool ADCusesHighPort = false;
 
 /*
@@ -139,28 +142,17 @@ static bool ADCusesHighPort = false;
  */
 int ADCee::init(uint8_t pin) {
   uint8_t id = pin - A0;
-  byte n;
   if (id >= NUM_ADC_INPUTS)
     return -1023;
   if (id > 7)
     ADCusesHighPort = true;
   pinMode(pin, INPUT);
   int value = analogRead(pin);
-  if (analogvals == NULL) {
+  if (analogvals == NULL)
     analogvals = (int *)calloc(NUM_ADC_INPUTS, sizeof(int));
-    for (n=0 ; n < NUM_ADC_INPUTS; n++) // set unreasonable value at startup as marker
-      analogvals[n] = -32768;           // 16 bit int min value
-    idarr = (byte *)calloc(NUM_ADC_INPUTS+1, sizeof(byte));  // +1 for terminator value
-    for (n=0 ; n <= NUM_ADC_INPUTS; n++)
-      idarr[n] = 255;                   // set 255 as end of array marker
-  }
-  analogvals[id] = value; // store before enable by idarr[n]
-  for (n=0 ; n <= NUM_ADC_INPUTS; n++) {
-    if (idarr[n] == 255) {
-      idarr[n] = id;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
+  analogvals[id] = value;
+  usedpins |= (1<<id);
+  if (id > highestPin) highestPin = id;
   return value;
 }
 int16_t ADCee::ADCmax() {
@@ -170,14 +162,14 @@ int16_t ADCee::ADCmax() {
  * Read function ADCee::read(pin) to get value instead of analogRead(pin)
  */
 int ADCee::read(uint8_t pin, bool fromISR) {
-  (void)fromISR; // AVR does ignore this arg
   uint8_t id = pin - A0;
-  int a;
+  if ((usedpins & (1<<id) ) == 0)
+    return -1023;
   // we do not need to check (analogvals == NULL)
   // because usedpins would still be 0 in that case
-  noInterrupts();
-  a = analogvals[id];
-  interrupts();
+  if (!fromISR) noInterrupts();
+  int a = analogvals[id];
+  if (!fromISR) interrupts();
   return a;
 }
 /*
@@ -186,7 +178,8 @@ int ADCee::read(uint8_t pin, bool fromISR) {
 #pragma GCC push_options
 #pragma GCC optimize ("-O3")
 void ADCee::scan() {
-  static byte num = 0;       // index into id array
+  static byte id = 0;       // id and mask are the same thing but it is faster to
+  static uint16_t mask = 1; // increment and shift instead to calculate mask from id
   static bool waiting = false;
 
   if (waiting) {
@@ -198,26 +191,49 @@ void ADCee::scan() {
     low = ADCL; //must read low before high
     high = ADCH;
     bitSet(ADCSRA, ADIF);
-    analogvals[idarr[num]] = (high << 8) | low;
+    analogvals[id] = (high << 8) | low;
+    // advance at least one track
+#ifdef DEBUG_ADC
+    if (id == 1) TrackManager::track[1]->setBrake(0);
+#endif
     waiting = false;
+    id++;
+    mask = mask << 1;
+    if (id > highestPin) {
+      id = 0;
+      mask = 1;
+    }
   }
   if (!waiting) {
-    // cycle around in-use analogue pins
-    num++;
-    if (idarr[num] == 255)
-      num = 0;
-    // start new ADC aquire on id
+    if (usedpins == 0) // otherwise we would loop forever
+      return;
+    // look for a valid track to sample or until we are around
+    while (true) {
+      if (mask  & usedpins) {
+	// start new ADC aquire on id
 #if defined(ADCSRB) && defined(MUX5)
-    if (ADCusesHighPort) {     // if we ever have started to use high pins)
-      if (idarr[num] > 7)              // if we use a high ADC pin
-	bitSet(ADCSRB, MUX5);  // set MUX5 bit
-      else
-	bitClear(ADCSRB, MUX5);
-    }
+	if (ADCusesHighPort) { // if we ever have started to use high pins)
+	  if (id > 7)          // if we use a high ADC pin
+	    bitSet(ADCSRB, MUX5); // set MUX5 bit
+	  else
+	    bitClear(ADCSRB, MUX5);
+	}
 #endif
-    ADMUX = (1 << REFS0) | (idarr[num] & 0x07); // select AVCC as reference and set MUX
-    bitSet(ADCSRA, ADSC);               // start conversion
-    waiting = true;
+	ADMUX=(1<<REFS0)|(id & 0x07); //select AVCC as reference and set MUX
+	bitSet(ADCSRA,ADSC); // start conversion
+#ifdef DEBUG_ADC
+	if (id == 1) TrackManager::track[1]->setBrake(1);
+#endif
+	waiting = true;
+	return;
+      }
+      id++;
+      mask = mask << 1;
+      if (id > highestPin) {
+      	id = 0;
+	      mask = 1;
+      }
+    }
   }
 }
 #pragma GCC pop_options
@@ -231,4 +247,4 @@ void ADCee::begin() {
   //bitSet(ADCSRA, ADSC); //do not start the ADC yet. Done when we have set the MUX
   interrupts();
 }
-#endif
+#endif

DCCTimerESP.cpp

@@ -150,6 +150,45 @@ int DCCTimer::freeMemory() {
 void DCCTimer::reset() {
    ESP.restart();
 }
+
+#include "esp32-hal.h"
+#include "soc/soc_caps.h"
+
+
+#ifdef SOC_LEDC_SUPPORT_HS_MODE
+#define LEDC_CHANNELS           (SOC_LEDC_CHANNEL_NUM<<1)
+#else
+#define LEDC_CHANNELS           (SOC_LEDC_CHANNEL_NUM)
+#endif
+
+static int8_t pin_to_channel[SOC_GPIO_PIN_COUNT] = { 0 };
+static int cnt_channel = LEDC_CHANNELS;
+
+void DCCTimer::DCCEXanalogWriteFrequency(uint8_t pin, uint32_t frequency) {
+  if (pin < SOC_GPIO_PIN_COUNT) {
+    if (pin_to_channel[pin] != 0) {
+      ledcSetup(pin_to_channel[pin], frequency, 8);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DCCTimer::DCCEXanalogWrite(uint8_t pin, int value) {
+  if (pin < SOC_GPIO_PIN_COUNT) {
+    if (pin_to_channel[pin] == 0) {
+      if (!cnt_channel) {
+          log_e("No more PWM channels available! All %u already used", LEDC_CHANNELS);
+          return;
+      }
+      pin_to_channel[pin] = --cnt_channel;
+      ledcAttachPin(pin, cnt_channel);
+      ledcSetup(cnt_channel, 1000, 8);
+    } else {
+      ledcAttachPin(pin, pin_to_channel[pin]);
+    }
+    ledcWrite(pin_to_channel[pin], value);
+  }
+}
+
 int ADCee::init(uint8_t pin) {
   pinMode(pin, ANALOG);
   adc1_config_width(ADC_WIDTH_BIT_12);

DCCTimerSAMD.cpp

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ uint16_t ADCee::usedpins = 0;
 int * ADCee::analogvals = NULL;
 
 int ADCee::init(uint8_t pin) {
-  uint id = pin - A0;
+  uint8_t id = pin - A0;
   int value = 0;
 
   if (id > NUM_ADC_INPUTS)
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ int ADCee::read(uint8_t pin, bool fromISR) {
 #pragma GCC push_options
 #pragma GCC optimize ("-O3")
 void ADCee::scan() {
-  static uint id = 0;        // id and mask are the same thing but it is faster to 
+  static uint8_t id = 0;        // id and mask are the same thing but it is faster to 
   static uint16_t mask = 1;  // increment and shift instead to calculate mask from id
   static bool waiting = false;
 

DCCTimerSTM32.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /*
  *  © 2023 Neil McKechnie
- *  © 2022 Paul M. Antoine
+ *  © 2022-23 Paul M. Antoine
  *  © 2021 Mike S
- *  © 2021 Harald Barth
+ *  © 2021, 2023 Harald Barth
  *  © 2021 Fred Decker
  *  © 2021 Chris Harlow
  *  © 2021 David Cutting
@@ -30,37 +30,137 @@
 #ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32
 
 #include "DCCTimer.h"
+#ifdef DEBUG_ADC
+#include "TrackManager.h"
+#endif
+#include "DIAG.h"
 
 #if defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F411RE)
-// Nucleo-64 boards don't have Serial1 defined by default
+// Nucleo-64 boards don't have additional serial ports defined by default
 HardwareSerial Serial1(PB7, PA15);  // Rx=PB7, Tx=PA15 -- CN7 pins 17 and 21 - F411RE
 // Serial2 is defined to use USART2 by default, but is in fact used as the diag console
 // via the debugger on the Nucleo-64. It is therefore unavailable for other DCC-EX uses like WiFi, DFPlayer, etc.
 // Let's define Serial6 as an additional serial port (the only other option for the Nucleo-64s)
 HardwareSerial Serial6(PA12, PA11);  // Rx=PA12, Tx=PA11 -- CN10 pins 12 and 14 - F411RE
 #elif defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F446RE)
-// Nucleo-64 boards don't have Serial1 defined by default
-HardwareSerial Serial1(PA10, PB6);  // Rx=PA10, Tx=PB6 -- CN10 pins 33 and 17 - F446RE 
+// Nucleo-64 boards don't have additional serial ports defined by default
+// On the F446RE, Serial1 isn't really useable as it's Rx/Tx pair sit on already used D2/D10 pins
+// HardwareSerial Serial1(PA10, PB6);  // Rx=PA10 (D2), Tx=PB6 (D10) -- CN10 pins 17 and 9 - F446RE 
 // Serial2 is defined to use USART2 by default, but is in fact used as the diag console
 // via the debugger on the Nucleo-64. It is therefore unavailable for other DCC-EX uses like WiFi, DFPlayer, etc.
+// On the F446RE, Serial3 and Serial5 are easy to use:
+HardwareSerial Serial3(PC11, PC10);  // Rx=PC11, Tx=PC10 -- USART3 - F446RE
+HardwareSerial Serial5(PD2, PC12);  // Rx=PC7, Tx=PC6 -- UART5 - F446RE
+// On the F446RE, Serial4 and Serial6 also use pins we can't readily map while using the Arduino pins
 #elif defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F412ZG) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F429ZI) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F446ZE)
 // Nucleo-144 boards don't have Serial1 defined by default
-HardwareSerial Serial1(PG9, PG14);  // Rx=PG9, Tx=PG14 -- D0, D1 - F412ZG/F446ZE
+HardwareSerial Serial6(PG9, PG14);  // Rx=PG9, Tx=PG14 -- USART6
+// Serial3 is defined to use USART3 by default, but is in fact used as the diag console
+// via the debugger on the Nucleo-144. It is therefore unavailable for other DCC-EX uses like WiFi, DFPlayer, etc.
 #else
-#warning Serial1 not defined
+#error STM32 board selected is not yet explicitly supported - so Serial1 peripheral is not defined
 #endif
 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Experimental code for High Accuracy (HA) DCC Signal mode
+// Warning - use of TIM2 and TIM3 can affect the use of analogWrite() function on certain pins,
+// which is used by the DC motor types.
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// INTERRUPT_CALLBACK interruptHandler=0;
+// // Let's use STM32's timer #2 which supports hardware pulse generation on pin D13.
+// // Also, timer #3 will do hardware pulses on pin D12. This gives
+// // accurate timing, independent of the latency of interrupt handling.
+// // We only need to interrupt on one of these (TIM2), the other will just generate
+// // pulses.
+// HardwareTimer timer(TIM2);
+// HardwareTimer timerAux(TIM3);
+// static bool tim2ModeHA = false;
+// static bool tim3ModeHA = false;
+
+// // Timer IRQ handler
+// void Timer_Handler() {
+//   interruptHandler();
+// }
+
+// void DCCTimer::begin(INTERRUPT_CALLBACK callback) {
+//   interruptHandler=callback;
+//   noInterrupts();
+
+//   // adc_set_sample_rate(ADC_SAMPLETIME_480CYCLES);
+//   timer.pause();
+//   timerAux.pause();
+//   timer.setPrescaleFactor(1);
+//   timer.setOverflow(DCC_SIGNAL_TIME, MICROSEC_FORMAT);
+//   timer.attachInterrupt(Timer_Handler);
+//   timer.refresh();
+//   timerAux.setPrescaleFactor(1);
+//   timerAux.setOverflow(DCC_SIGNAL_TIME, MICROSEC_FORMAT);
+//   timerAux.refresh();
+  
+//   timer.resume();
+//   timerAux.resume();
+
+//   interrupts();
+// }
+
+// bool DCCTimer::isPWMPin(byte pin) {
+//   // Timer 2 Channel 1 controls pin D13, and Timer3 Channel 1 controls D12.
+//   //  Enable the appropriate timer channel.
+//   switch (pin) {
+//     case 12:
+//       return true;
+//     case 13:
+//       return true;
+//     default:
+//       return false;
+//   }
+// }
+
+// void DCCTimer::setPWM(byte pin, bool high) {
+//   // Set the timer so that, at the next counter overflow, the requested
+//   // pin state is activated automatically before the interrupt code runs.
+//   // TIM2 is timer, TIM3 is timerAux.
+//   switch (pin) {
+//     case 12:
+//       if (!tim3ModeHA) {
+//         timerAux.setMode(1, TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_INACTIVE, D12);
+//         tim3ModeHA = true;
+//       }
+//       if (high) 
+//         TIM3->CCMR1 = (TIM3->CCMR1 & ~TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_Msk) | TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_0;
+//       else
+//         TIM3->CCMR1 = (TIM3->CCMR1 & ~TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_Msk) | TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_1;
+//       break;
+//     case 13:
+//       if (!tim2ModeHA) {
+//         timer.setMode(1, TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_INACTIVE, D13);
+//         tim2ModeHA = true;
+//       }
+//       if (high) 
+//         TIM2->CCMR1 = (TIM2->CCMR1 & ~TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_Msk) | TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_0;
+//       else
+//         TIM2->CCMR1 = (TIM2->CCMR1 & ~TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_Msk) | TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_1;
+//       break;
+//   }   
+// }
+
+// void DCCTimer::clearPWM() {
+//   timer.setMode(1, TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_INACTIVE, NC);
+//   tim2ModeHA = false;
+//   timerAux.setMode(1, TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_INACTIVE, NC);  
+//   tim3ModeHA = false;
+// }
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
 INTERRUPT_CALLBACK interruptHandler=0;
-// Let's use STM32's timer #2 which supports hardware pulse generation on pin D13.
-// Also, timer #3 will do hardware pulses on pin D12. This gives
-// accurate timing, independent of the latency of interrupt handling.
-// We only need to interrupt on one of these (TIM2), the other will just generate
-// pulses.
-HardwareTimer timer(TIM2);
-HardwareTimer timerAux(TIM3);
+// Let's use STM32's timer #11 until disabused of this notion
+// Timer #11 is used for "servo" library, but as DCC-EX is not using
+// this libary, we should be free and clear.
+HardwareTimer timer(TIM11);
 
 // Timer IRQ handler
-void Timer_Handler() {
+void Timer11_Handler() {
   interruptHandler();
 }
 
@@ -70,59 +170,31 @@ void DCCTimer::begin(INTERRUPT_CALLBACK callback) {
 
   // adc_set_sample_rate(ADC_SAMPLETIME_480CYCLES);
   timer.pause();
-  timerAux.pause();
   timer.setPrescaleFactor(1);
+//  timer.setOverflow(CLOCK_CYCLES * 2);
   timer.setOverflow(DCC_SIGNAL_TIME, MICROSEC_FORMAT);
-  timer.attachInterrupt(Timer_Handler);
+  timer.attachInterrupt(Timer11_Handler);
   timer.refresh();
-  timerAux.setPrescaleFactor(1);
-  timerAux.setOverflow(DCC_SIGNAL_TIME, MICROSEC_FORMAT);
-  timerAux.refresh();
-  
   timer.resume();
-  timerAux.resume();
 
   interrupts();
 }
 
 bool DCCTimer::isPWMPin(byte pin) {
-  // Timer 2 Channel 1 controls pin D13, and Timer3 Channel 1 controls D12.
-  //  Enable the appropriate timer channel.
-  switch (pin) {
-    case 12:
-      timerAux.setMode(1, TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_INACTIVE, D12);
-      return true;
-    case 13:
-      timer.setMode(1, TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_INACTIVE, D13);
-      return true;
-    default:
-      return false;
-  }
+  //TODO: SAMD whilst this call to digitalPinHasPWM will reveal which pins can do PWM,
+  //      there's no support yet for High Accuracy, so for now return false
+  //  return digitalPinHasPWM(pin);
+  return false;
 }
 
 void DCCTimer::setPWM(byte pin, bool high) {
-  // Set the timer so that, at the next counter overflow, the requested
-  // pin state is activated automatically before the interrupt code runs.
-  // TIM2 is timer, TIM3 is timerAux.
-  switch (pin) {
-    case 12:
-      if (high) 
-        TIM3->CCMR1 = (TIM3->CCMR1 & ~TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_Msk) | TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_0;
-      else
-        TIM3->CCMR1 = (TIM3->CCMR1 & ~TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_Msk) | TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_1;
-      break;
-    case 13:
-      if (high) 
-        TIM2->CCMR1 = (TIM2->CCMR1 & ~TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_Msk) | TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_0;
-      else
-        TIM2->CCMR1 = (TIM2->CCMR1 & ~TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_Msk) | TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_1;
-      break;
-  }   
+    // TODO: High Accuracy mode is not supported as yet, and may never need to be
+    (void) pin;
+    (void) high;
 }
 
 void DCCTimer::clearPWM() {
-  timer.setMode(1, TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_INACTIVE, NC);
-  timerAux.setMode(1, TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_INACTIVE, NC);  
+  return;
 }
 
 void   DCCTimer::getSimulatedMacAddress(byte mac[6]) {
@@ -163,10 +235,16 @@ void DCCTimer::reset() {
     while(true) {};
 }
 
-#define NUM_ADC_INPUTS NUM_ANALOG_INPUTS
-
 // TODO: may need to use uint32_t on STMF4xx variants with > 16 analog inputs!
+#if defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F446RE) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F429ZI) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F446ZE)
+#warning STM32 board selected not fully supported - only use ADC1 inputs 0-15 for current sensing!
+#endif
+// For now, define the max of 16 ports - some variants have more, but this not **yet** supported
+#define NUM_ADC_INPUTS 16
+// #define NUM_ADC_INPUTS NUM_ANALOG_INPUTS
+
 uint16_t ADCee::usedpins = 0;
+uint8_t ADCee::highestPin = 0;
 int * ADCee::analogvals = NULL;
 uint32_t * analogchans = NULL;
 bool adc1configured = false;
@@ -176,10 +254,13 @@ int16_t ADCee::ADCmax() {
 }
 
 int ADCee::init(uint8_t pin) {
-  uint id = pin - A0;
+
   int value = 0;
-  PinName stmpin = digitalPin[analogInputPin[id]];
-  uint32_t stmgpio = stmpin / 16; // 16-bits per GPIO port group on STM32
+  PinName stmpin = analogInputToPinName(pin);
+  if (stmpin == NC) // do not continue if this is not an analog pin at all
+    return -1024;   // some silly value as error
+
+  uint32_t stmgpio = STM_PORT(stmpin); // converts to the GPIO port (16-bits per port group on STM32)
   uint32_t adcchan =  STM_PIN_CHANNEL(pinmap_function(stmpin, PinMap_ADC)); // find ADC channel (only valid for ADC1!)
   GPIO_TypeDef * gpioBase;
 
@@ -197,12 +278,20 @@ int ADCee::init(uint8_t pin) {
         RCC->AHB1ENR |= RCC_AHB1ENR_GPIOCEN; //Power up PORTC
         gpioBase = GPIOC;
         break;
+    default:
+      return -1023; // some silly value as error
   }
 
-  // Set pin mux mode to analog input
-  gpioBase->MODER |= (0b011 << (stmpin << 1)); // Set pin mux to analog mode
+  // Set pin mux mode to analog input, the 32 bit port mode register has 2 bits per pin
+  gpioBase->MODER |= (0b011 << (STM_PIN(stmpin) << 1)); // Set pin mux to analog mode (binary 11)
 
   // Set the sampling rate for that analog input
+  // This is F411x specific! Different on for example F334
+  // STM32F11xC/E Reference manual
+  // 11.12.4 ADC sample time register 1 (ADC_SMPR1) (channels 10 to 18)
+  // 11.12.5 ADC sample time register 2 (ADC_SMPR2) (channels 0 to 9)
+  if (adcchan > 18)
+    return -1022; // silly value as error
   if (adcchan < 10)
     ADC1->SMPR2 |= (0b111 << (adcchan * 3)); // Channel sampling rate 480 cycles
   else
@@ -214,14 +303,21 @@ int ADCee::init(uint8_t pin) {
   while(!(ADC1->SR & (1 << 1)));  // Wait until conversion is complete
   value = ADC1->DR;               // Read value from register
 
-  if (analogvals == NULL)
-  {
+  uint8_t id = pin - PNUM_ANALOG_BASE;
+  if (id > 15) { // today we have not enough bits in the mask to support more
+    return -1021;
+  }
+
+  if (analogvals == NULL) {  // allocate analogvals and analogchans if this is the first invocation of init.
     analogvals = (int *)calloc(NUM_ADC_INPUTS+1, sizeof(int));
     analogchans = (uint32_t *)calloc(NUM_ADC_INPUTS+1, sizeof(uint32_t));
   }
   analogvals[id] = value;     // Store sampled value
   analogchans[id] = adcchan;  // Keep track of which ADC channel is used for reading this pin
   usedpins |= (1 << id);      // This pin is now ready
+  if (id > highestPin) highestPin = id; // Store our highest pin in use
+
+  DIAG(F("ADCee::init(): value=%d, channel=%d, id=%d"), value, adcchan, id);
 
   return value;
 }
@@ -230,7 +326,7 @@ int ADCee::init(uint8_t pin) {
  * Read function ADCee::read(pin) to get value instead of analogRead(pin)
  */
 int ADCee::read(uint8_t pin, bool fromISR) {
-  uint8_t id = pin - A0;
+  uint8_t id = pin - PNUM_ANALOG_BASE;
   // Was this pin initialised yet?
   if ((usedpins & (1<<id) ) == 0)
     return -1023;
@@ -245,7 +341,7 @@ int ADCee::read(uint8_t pin, bool fromISR) {
 #pragma GCC push_options
 #pragma GCC optimize ("-O3")
 void ADCee::scan() {
-  static uint id = 0;        // id and mask are the same thing but it is faster to 
+  static uint8_t id = 0;     // id and mask are the same thing but it is faster to
   static uint16_t mask = 1;  // increment and shift instead to calculate mask from id
   static bool waiting = false;
 
@@ -256,11 +352,13 @@ void ADCee::scan() {
     // found value
     analogvals[id] = ADC1->DR;
     // advance at least one track
-    // for scope debug TrackManager::track[1]->setBrake(0);
+#ifdef DEBUG_ADC
+    if (id == 1) TrackManager::track[1]->setBrake(0);
+#endif
     waiting = false;
     id++;
     mask = mask << 1;
-    if (id == NUM_ADC_INPUTS+1) {
+    if (id > highestPin) { // the 1 has been shifted out
       id = 0;
       mask = 1;
     }
@@ -271,18 +369,20 @@ void ADCee::scan() {
     // look for a valid track to sample or until we are around
     while (true) {
       if (mask  & usedpins) {
-    	  // start new ADC aquire on id
+	// start new ADC aquire on id
         ADC1->SQR3 = analogchans[id]; //1st conversion in regular sequence
         ADC1->CR2 |= (1 << 30); //Start 1st conversion SWSTART
-	      // for scope debug TrackManager::track[1]->setBrake(1);
-	      waiting = true;
-	      return;
+#ifdef DEBUG_ADC
+	if (id == 1) TrackManager::track[1]->setBrake(1);
+#endif
+	waiting = true;
+	return;
       }
       id++;
       mask = mask << 1;
-      if (id == NUM_ADC_INPUTS+1) {
-	      id = 0;
-	      mask = 1;
+      if (id > highestPin) {
+      	id = 0;
+      	mask = 1;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -307,4 +407,4 @@ void ADCee::begin() {
   ADC1->CR2 |= (1 << 0); // Switch on ADC1
   interrupts();
 }
-#endif
+#endif

Display.cpp

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
  *     not held up significantly.  The exception to this is when 
  *     the loop2() function is called with force=true, where 
  *     a screen update is executed to completion.  This is normally
- *     only noMoreRowsToDisplay during start-up.
+ *     only done during start-up.
  *  The scroll mode is selected by defining SCROLLMODE as 0, 1 or 2
  *  in the config.h.
  *  #define SCROLLMODE 0 is scroll continuous (fill screen if poss),
@@ -51,11 +51,10 @@
 Display::Display(DisplayDevice *deviceDriver) {
   _deviceDriver = deviceDriver;
   // Get device dimensions in characters (e.g. 16x2).
-  numCharacterColumns = _deviceDriver->getNumCols();
-  numCharacterRows = _deviceDriver->getNumRows();;
+  numScreenColumns = _deviceDriver->getNumCols();
+  numScreenRows = _deviceDriver->getNumRows();
   for (uint8_t row = 0; row < MAX_CHARACTER_ROWS; row++) 
     rowBuffer[row][0] = '\0';
-  topRow = ROW_INITIAL;  // loop2 will fill from row 0
   
   addDisplay(0);  // Add this display as display number 0
 };
@@ -69,20 +68,19 @@ void Display::_clear() {
   _deviceDriver->clearNative();
   for (uint8_t row = 0; row < MAX_CHARACTER_ROWS; row++) 
     rowBuffer[row][0] = '\0';
-  topRow = ROW_INITIAL;  // loop2 will fill from row 0
 }
 
 void Display::_setRow(uint8_t line) {
   hotRow = line;
   hotCol = 0;
-  rowBuffer[hotRow][0] = 0;  // Clear existing text
+  rowBuffer[hotRow][0] = '\0';  // Clear existing text
 }
 
 size_t Display::_write(uint8_t b) {
   if (hotRow >= MAX_CHARACTER_ROWS || hotCol >= MAX_CHARACTER_COLS) return -1;
   rowBuffer[hotRow][hotCol] = b;
   hotCol++;
-  rowBuffer[hotRow][hotCol] = 0;
+  rowBuffer[hotRow][hotCol] = '\0';
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -109,8 +107,8 @@ Display *Display::loop2(bool force) {
       return NULL;
   } else {
     // force full screen update from the beginning.
-    rowFirst = ROW_INITIAL;
-    rowNext = ROW_INITIAL;
+    rowFirst = 0;
+    rowCurrent = 0;
     bufferPointer = 0;
     noMoreRowsToDisplay = false;
     slot = 0;
@@ -118,15 +116,20 @@ Display *Display::loop2(bool force) {
 
   do {
     if (bufferPointer == 0) {
-      // Find a line of data to write to the screen.
-      if (rowFirst == ROW_INITIAL) rowFirst = rowNext;
-      if (findNextNonBlankRow()) {
+      // Search for non-blank row
+      while (!noMoreRowsToDisplay) {
+        if (!isCurrentRowBlank()) break;
+        moveToNextRow();
+        if (rowCurrent == rowFirst) noMoreRowsToDisplay = true;  
+      }
+
+      if (noMoreRowsToDisplay) {
+        // No non-blank lines left, so draw blank line
+        buffer[0] = '\0';
+      } else {
         // Non-blank line found, so copy it (including terminator)
         for (uint8_t i = 0; i <= MAX_CHARACTER_COLS; i++)
-          buffer[i] = rowBuffer[rowNext][i];
-      } else {
-        // No non-blank lines left, so draw a blank line
-        buffer[0] = 0;
+          buffer[i] = rowBuffer[rowCurrent][i];
       }
       _deviceDriver->setRowNative(slot);  // Set position for display
       charIndex = 0;
@@ -142,21 +145,49 @@ Display *Display::loop2(bool force) {
       }
 
       if (++charIndex >= MAX_CHARACTER_COLS) {
-        // Screen slot completed, move to next slot on screen
+        // Screen slot completed, move to next nonblank row
         bufferPointer = 0;
+        for (;;) {
+          moveToNextRow();
+          if (rowCurrent == rowFirst) {
+            noMoreRowsToDisplay = true;
+            break;
+          }  
+          if (!isCurrentRowBlank()) break;
+        }
+        // Move to next screen slot, if available
         slot++;
-        if (slot >= numCharacterRows) {
-          // Last slot on screen written, reset ready for next screen update.
-#if SCROLLMODE==2
-          if (!noMoreRowsToDisplay) {
-            // On next refresh, restart one row on from previous start.
-            rowNext = rowFirst;
-            findNextNonBlankRow();
+        if (slot >= numScreenRows) {
+          // Last slot on screen written, so get ready for next screen update.
+#if SCROLLMODE==0
+          // Scrollmode 0 scrolls continuously.  If the rows fit on the screen,
+          // then restart at row 0, but otherwise continue with the row
+          // after the last one displayed.
+          if (countNonBlankRows() <= numScreenRows)
+            rowCurrent = 0;
+          rowFirst = rowCurrent;
+#elif SCROLLMODE==1
+          // Scrollmode 1 scrolls by page, so if the last page has just completed then
+          // next time restart with row 0.
+          if (noMoreRowsToDisplay) 
+            rowFirst = rowCurrent = 0;
+#else
+          // Scrollmode 2 scrolls by row.  If the rows don't fit on the screen,
+          // then start one row further on next time.  If they do fit, then 
+          // show them in order and start next page at row 0.
+          if (countNonBlankRows() <= numScreenRows) {
+            rowFirst = rowCurrent = 0;
+          } else {
+            // Find first non-blank row after the previous first row
+            rowCurrent = rowFirst;
+            do {
+              moveToNextRow();
+            } while (isCurrentRowBlank());
+            rowFirst = rowCurrent;
           }
 #endif
           noMoreRowsToDisplay = false;
           slot = 0;
-          rowFirst = ROW_INITIAL;
           lastScrollTime = currentMillis;
           return NULL;
         }
@@ -167,30 +198,22 @@ Display *Display::loop2(bool force) {
   return NULL;
 }
 
-bool Display::findNextNonBlankRow() {
-  while (!noMoreRowsToDisplay) {
-    if (rowNext == ROW_INITIAL)
-      rowNext = 0;
-    else
-      rowNext = rowNext + 1;
-    if (rowNext >= MAX_CHARACTER_ROWS) rowNext = ROW_INITIAL;
-#if SCROLLMODE == 1
-    // Finished if we've looped back to start
-    if (rowNext == ROW_INITIAL) {
-      noMoreRowsToDisplay = true;
-      return false;
-    }
-#else
-    // Finished if we're back to the first one shown
-    if (rowNext == rowFirst) {
-      noMoreRowsToDisplay = true;
-      return false;
-    }
-#endif
-    if (rowBuffer[rowNext][0] != 0) {
-      // Found non-blank row
-      return true;
-    }
+bool Display::isCurrentRowBlank() {
+  return (rowBuffer[rowCurrent][0] == '\0');
+}
+
+void Display::moveToNextRow() {
+  // Skip blank rows
+  if (++rowCurrent >= MAX_CHARACTER_ROWS) 
+      rowCurrent = 0;
+}
+
+uint8_t Display::countNonBlankRows() {
+  uint8_t count = 0;
+  for (uint8_t rowNumber=0; rowNumber<MAX_CHARACTER_ROWS; rowNumber++) {
+    if (rowBuffer[rowNumber][0] != '\0')
+      count++;
   }
-  return false;
-}
+  return count;
+}
+  

Display.h

@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ public:
   static const int MAX_CHARACTER_ROWS = 8;
   static const int MAX_CHARACTER_COLS = MAX_MSG_SIZE;
   static const long DISPLAY_SCROLL_TIME = 3000;  // 3 seconds
-  static const uint8_t ROW_INITIAL = 255;
 
 private:
   DisplayDevice *_deviceDriver;
@@ -48,16 +47,15 @@ private:
   unsigned long lastScrollTime = 0;
   uint8_t hotRow = 0;
   uint8_t hotCol = 0;
-  uint8_t topRow = 0;
   uint8_t slot = 0;
-  uint8_t rowFirst = ROW_INITIAL;
-  uint8_t rowNext = ROW_INITIAL;
+  uint8_t rowFirst = 0;
+  uint8_t rowCurrent = 0;
   uint8_t charIndex = 0;
   char buffer[MAX_CHARACTER_COLS + 1];
   char* bufferPointer = 0;
   bool noMoreRowsToDisplay = false;
-  uint16_t numCharacterRows;
-  uint16_t numCharacterColumns = MAX_CHARACTER_COLS;
+  uint16_t numScreenRows;
+  uint16_t numScreenColumns = MAX_CHARACTER_COLS;
 
   char rowBuffer[MAX_CHARACTER_ROWS][MAX_CHARACTER_COLS+1];
 
@@ -69,7 +67,10 @@ public:
   void _refresh() override;
   void _displayLoop() override;
   Display *loop2(bool force);
-  bool findNextNonBlankRow();
+  bool findNonBlankRow();
+  bool isCurrentRowBlank();
+  void moveToNextRow();
+  uint8_t countNonBlankRows();
 
 };
 

ESP32-fixes.cpp

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *  © 2022 Harald Barth
- *  All rights reserved.
- *  
- *  This file is part of CommandStation-EX
- *
- *  This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- *  (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *  It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *  GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *  along with CommandStation.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-#ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#include "ESP32-fixes.h"
-
-#include "esp32-hal.h"
-#include "soc/soc_caps.h"
-
-
-#ifdef SOC_LEDC_SUPPORT_HS_MODE
-#define LEDC_CHANNELS           (SOC_LEDC_CHANNEL_NUM<<1)
-#else
-#define LEDC_CHANNELS           (SOC_LEDC_CHANNEL_NUM)
-#endif
-
-static int8_t pin_to_channel[SOC_GPIO_PIN_COUNT] = { 0 };
-static int cnt_channel = LEDC_CHANNELS;
-
-void DCCEXanalogWriteFrequency(uint8_t pin, uint32_t frequency) {
-  if (pin < SOC_GPIO_PIN_COUNT) {
-    if (pin_to_channel[pin] != 0) {
-      ledcSetup(pin_to_channel[pin], frequency, 8);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void DCCEXanalogWrite(uint8_t pin, int value) {
-  if (pin < SOC_GPIO_PIN_COUNT) {
-    if (pin_to_channel[pin] == 0) {
-      if (!cnt_channel) {
-          log_e("No more PWM channels available! All %u already used", LEDC_CHANNELS);
-          return;
-      }
-      pin_to_channel[pin] = --cnt_channel;
-      ledcAttachPin(pin, cnt_channel);
-      ledcSetup(cnt_channel, 1000, 8);
-    } else {
-      ledcAttachPin(pin, pin_to_channel[pin]);
-    }
-    ledcWrite(pin_to_channel[pin], value);
-  }
-}
-#endif

ESP32-fixes.h

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *  © 2022 Harald Barth
- *  All rights reserved.
- *  
- *  This file is part of CommandStation-EX
- *
- *  This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- *  (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *  It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *  GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *  along with CommandStation.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-#ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
-#pragma once
-#include <Arduino.h>
-void DCCEXanalogWriteFrequency(uint8_t pin, uint32_t frequency);
-void DCCEXanalogWrite(uint8_t pin, int value);
-#endif
-

EXRAIL2.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 /*
  *  © 2021 Neil McKechnie
  *  © 2021-2023 Harald Barth
- *  © 2020-2022 Chris Harlow
+ *  © 2020-2023 Chris Harlow
+ *  © 2022 Colin Murdoch
  *  All rights reserved.
  *  
  *  This file is part of CommandStation-EX
@@ -24,8 +25,8 @@
    F1. [DONE] DCC accessory packet opcodes (short and long form)
    F2. [DONE] ONAccessory catchers 
    F3. [DONE] Turnout descriptions for Withrottle
-   F4. Oled announcements (depends on HAL)
-   F5. Withrottle roster info
+   F4. [DONE] Oled announcements (depends on HAL)
+   F5. [DONE] Withrottle roster info
    F6. Multi-occupancy semaphore
    F7. [DONE see AUTOSTART] Self starting sequences
    F8. Park/unpark
@@ -105,12 +106,9 @@ uint16_t RMFT2::getOperand(byte n) {
 // getOperand static version, must be provided prog counter from loop etc.
 uint16_t RMFT2::getOperand(int progCounter,byte n) {
   int offset=progCounter+1+(n*3);
-  if (offset&1) {
-       byte lsb=GETHIGHFLASH(RouteCode,offset);
-       byte msb=GETHIGHFLASH(RouteCode,offset+1);
-       return msb<<8|lsb;
-  }
-  return GETHIGHFLASHW(RouteCode,offset);
+  byte lsb=GETHIGHFLASH(RouteCode,offset);
+  byte msb=GETHIGHFLASH(RouteCode,offset+1);
+  return msb<<8|lsb;
 }
 
 LookList::LookList(int16_t size) {
@@ -201,7 +199,7 @@ LookList* RMFT2::LookListLoader(OPCODE op1, OPCODE op2, OPCODE op3) {
     case OPCODE_IFNOT: {
       int16_t pin = (int16_t)operand;
       if (pin<0) pin = -pin;
-      DIAG(F("EXRAIL input vpin %d"),pin);
+      DIAG(F("EXRAIL input VPIN %u"),pin);
       IODevice::configureInput((VPIN)pin,true);
       break;
     }
@@ -211,7 +209,7 @@ LookList* RMFT2::LookListLoader(OPCODE op1, OPCODE op2, OPCODE op3) {
     case OPCODE_IFGTE:
     case OPCODE_IFLT:
     case OPCODE_DRIVE: {
-      DIAG(F("EXRAIL analog input vpin %d"),(VPIN)operand);
+      DIAG(F("EXRAIL analog input VPIN %u"),(VPIN)operand);
       IODevice::configureAnalogIn((VPIN)operand);
       break;
     }
@@ -243,8 +241,9 @@ LookList* RMFT2::LookListLoader(OPCODE op1, OPCODE op2, OPCODE op3) {
         
     case OPCODE_AUTOSTART:
       // automatically create a task from here at startup.
-      // but we will do one at 0 anyway by default.
-      if (progCounter>0) new RMFT2(progCounter);
+      // Removed if (progCounter>0) check 4.2.31 because 
+      // default start it top of file is now removed. .   
+      new RMFT2(progCounter);
       break;
       
     default: // Ignore
@@ -255,7 +254,7 @@ LookList* RMFT2::LookListLoader(OPCODE op1, OPCODE op2, OPCODE op3) {
 
   DIAG(F("EXRAIL %db, fl=%d"),progCounter,MAX_FLAGS);
 
-  new RMFT2(0); // add the startup route
+  // Removed for 4.2.31  new RMFT2(0); // add the startup route
   diag=saved_diag;
 }
 
@@ -267,16 +266,17 @@ void RMFT2::setTurnoutHiddenState(Turnout * t) {
 char RMFT2::getRouteType(int16_t id) {
   for (int16_t i=0;;i+=2) {
     int16_t rid= GETHIGHFLASHW(routeIdList,i);
+    if (rid==INT16_MAX) break;
     if (rid==id) return 'R';
-    if (rid==0) break;
   }
   for (int16_t i=0;;i+=2) {
     int16_t rid= GETHIGHFLASHW(automationIdList,i);
+    if (rid==INT16_MAX) break;
     if (rid==id) return 'A';
-    if (rid==0) break;
   }
   return 'X';
-}   
+}
+
 // This filter intercepts <> commands to do the following:
 // - Implement RMFT specific commands/diagnostics
 // - Reject/modify JMRI commands that would interfere with RMFT processing
@@ -610,6 +610,7 @@ void RMFT2::loop2() {
       break;
       
   case OPCODE_SPEED:
+    forward=DCC::getThrottleDirection(loco)^invert;
     driveLoco(operand);
     break;
     
@@ -704,11 +705,11 @@ void RMFT2::loop2() {
     DCC::setThrottle(0,1,true);  // pause all locos on the track
     pausingTask=this;
     break;
-    
+
   case OPCODE_POM:
     if (loco) DCC::writeCVByteMain(loco, operand, getOperand(1));
     break;
-    
+
   case OPCODE_POWEROFF:
     TrackManager::setPower(POWERMODE::OFF);
     TrackManager::setJoin(false);
@@ -883,23 +884,18 @@ void RMFT2::loop2() {
     while(loopTask) loopTask->kill(F("KILLALL"));
     return;
 
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
   case OPCODE_JOIN:
     TrackManager::setPower(POWERMODE::ON);
     TrackManager::setJoin(true);
     CommandDistributor::broadcastPower();
     break;
-    
-  case OPCODE_POWERON:
-    TrackManager::setMainPower(POWERMODE::ON);
-    TrackManager::setJoin(false);
-    CommandDistributor::broadcastPower();
-    break;
-    
+
   case OPCODE_UNJOIN:
     TrackManager::setJoin(false);
     CommandDistributor::broadcastPower();
     break;
-    
+
   case OPCODE_READ_LOCO1: // READ_LOCO is implemented as 2 separate opcodes
     progtrackLocoId=LOCO_ID_WAITING;  // Nothing found yet
     DCC::getLocoId(readLocoCallback);
@@ -920,6 +916,13 @@ void RMFT2::loop2() {
     forward=true;
     invert=false;
     break;
+#endif
+
+  case OPCODE_POWERON:
+    TrackManager::setMainPower(POWERMODE::ON);
+    TrackManager::setJoin(false);
+    CommandDistributor::broadcastPower();
+    break;
     
   case OPCODE_START:
     {
@@ -1131,7 +1134,10 @@ void RMFT2::clockEvent(int16_t clocktime, bool change) {
   // Hunt for an ONTIME for this time
   if (Diag::CMD)
    DIAG(F("Looking for clock event at : %d"), clocktime);
-  if (change)  handleEvent(F("CLOCK"),onClockLookup,clocktime);
+  if (change) {
+    handleEvent(F("CLOCK"),onClockLookup,clocktime);
+    handleEvent(F("CLOCK"),onClockLookup,25*60+clocktime%60);
+  }
 } 
 
 void RMFT2::handleEvent(const FSH* reason,LookList* handlers, int16_t id) {
@@ -1239,7 +1245,10 @@ void RMFT2::thrungeString(uint32_t strfar, thrunger mode, byte id) {
       DCCEXParser::parseOne(&USB_SERIAL,(byte*)buffer->getString(),NULL);
       break;
     case thrunge_broadcast:
-  // TODO     CommandDistributor::broadcastText(buffer->getString());
+      CommandDistributor::broadcastRaw(CommandDistributor::COMMAND_TYPE,buffer->getString());
+      break;
+    case thrunge_withrottle:
+      CommandDistributor::broadcastRaw(CommandDistributor::WITHROTTLE_TYPE,buffer->getString());
       break;
     case thrunge_lcd:
          LCD(id,F("%s"),buffer->getString());

EXRAIL2.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*
  *  © 2021 Neil McKechnie
  *  © 2020-2022 Chris Harlow
+ *  © 2022 Colin Murdoch
  *  © 2023 Harald Barth
  *  All rights reserved.
  *  
@@ -44,7 +45,10 @@ enum OPCODE : byte {OPCODE_THROW,OPCODE_CLOSE,
              OPCODE_RED,OPCODE_GREEN,OPCODE_AMBER,OPCODE_DRIVE,
              OPCODE_SERVO,OPCODE_SIGNAL,OPCODE_TURNOUT,OPCODE_WAITFOR,
              OPCODE_PAD,OPCODE_FOLLOW,OPCODE_CALL,OPCODE_RETURN,
-             OPCODE_JOIN,OPCODE_UNJOIN,OPCODE_READ_LOCO1,OPCODE_READ_LOCO2,OPCODE_POM,
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
+             OPCODE_JOIN,OPCODE_UNJOIN,OPCODE_READ_LOCO1,OPCODE_READ_LOCO2,
+#endif
+             OPCODE_POM,
              OPCODE_START,OPCODE_SETLOCO,OPCODE_SENDLOCO,OPCODE_FORGET,
              OPCODE_PAUSE, OPCODE_RESUME,OPCODE_POWEROFF,OPCODE_POWERON,
              OPCODE_ONCLOSE, OPCODE_ONTHROW, OPCODE_SERVOTURNOUT, OPCODE_PINTURNOUT,
@@ -76,7 +80,8 @@ enum OPCODE : byte {OPCODE_THROW,OPCODE_CLOSE,
 // Ensure thrunge_lcd is put last as there may be more than one display, 
 // sequentially numbered from thrunge_lcd.
 enum thrunger: byte {
-  thrunge_print, thrunge_broadcast, thrunge_serial,thrunge_parse,
+  thrunge_print, thrunge_broadcast, thrunge_withrottle,
+  thrunge_serial,thrunge_parse,
   thrunge_serial1, thrunge_serial2, thrunge_serial3,
   thrunge_serial4, thrunge_serial5, thrunge_serial6,
   thrunge_lcn, 

EXRAIL2MacroReset.h

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
  *  © 2020-2022 Chris Harlow. All rights reserved.
+ *  © 2022 Colin Murdoch
  *  © 2023 Harald Barth
  *  
  *  This file is part of CommandStation-EX
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@
 #undef ONCLOSE
 #undef ONTIME
 #undef ONCLOCKTIME
+#undef ONCLOCKMINS
 #undef ONGREEN
 #undef ONRED
 #undef ONTHROW 
@@ -99,7 +101,9 @@
 #undef PAUSE
 #undef PIN_TURNOUT 
 #undef PRINT
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
 #undef POM
+#endif
 #undef POWEROFF
 #undef POWERON
 #undef READ_LOCO 
@@ -134,11 +138,13 @@
 #undef STOP 
 #undef THROW  
 #undef TURNOUT 
+#undef TURNOUTL
 #undef UNJOIN
 #undef UNLATCH 
 #undef VIRTUAL_SIGNAL
 #undef VIRTUAL_TURNOUT
 #undef WAITFOR
+#undef WITHROTTLE
 #undef XFOFF
 #undef XFON
 
@@ -208,6 +214,7 @@
 #define ONAMBER(signal_id) 
 #define ONTIME(value)
 #define ONCLOCKTIME(hours,mins)
+#define ONCLOCKMINS(mins)
 #define ONDEACTIVATE(addr,subaddr)
 #define ONDEACTIVATEL(linear) 
 #define ONCLOSE(turnout_id)
@@ -219,7 +226,9 @@
 #define PIN_TURNOUT(id,pin,description...) 
 #define PRINT(msg) 
 #define PARSE(msg)
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
 #define POM(cv,value)
+#endif
 #define POWEROFF
 #define POWERON
 #define READ_LOCO 
@@ -254,11 +263,13 @@
 #define STOP 
 #define THROW(id)  
 #define TURNOUT(id,addr,subaddr,description...) 
+#define TURNOUTL(id,addr,description...) 
 #define UNJOIN 
 #define UNLATCH(sensor_id) 
 #define VIRTUAL_SIGNAL(id) 
 #define VIRTUAL_TURNOUT(id,description...) 
 #define WAITFOR(pin)
+#define WITHROTTLE(msg)
 #define XFOFF(cab,func)
 #define XFON(cab,func)
 #endif

EXRAILMacros.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*
  *  © 2021 Neil McKechnie
  *  © 2020-2022 Chris Harlow
+ *  © 2022 Colin Murdoch
  *  © 2023 Harald Barth
  *  All rights reserved.
  *  
@@ -80,14 +81,14 @@ void exrailHalSetup() {
 #define ROUTE(id, description) id,
 const int16_t HIGHFLASH RMFT2::routeIdList[]= {
     #include "myAutomation.h"
-    0}; 
+    INT16_MAX};
 // Pass 2a create throttle automation list 
 #include "EXRAIL2MacroReset.h"
 #undef AUTOMATION
 #define AUTOMATION(id, description) id,
 const int16_t HIGHFLASH RMFT2::automationIdList[]= {
     #include "myAutomation.h"
-    0}; 
+    INT16_MAX};
 
 // Pass 3 Create route descriptions:
 #undef ROUTE
@@ -152,6 +153,8 @@ const int StringMacroTracker1=__COUNTER__;
          lcdid=id;\
          break;\
       } 
+#undef WITHROTTLE
+#define WITHROTTLE(msg) THRUNGE(msg,thrunge_withrottle)
 
 void  RMFT2::printMessage(uint16_t id) { 
   thrunger tmode;
@@ -187,7 +190,7 @@ const FSH * RMFT2::getTurnoutDescription(int16_t turnoutid) {
 // Pass 6: Roster IDs (count)
 #include "EXRAIL2MacroReset.h"
 #undef ROSTER
-#define ROSTER(cabid,name,funcmap...) +1
+#define ROSTER(cabid,name,funcmap...) +(cabid <= 0 ? 0 : 1)
 const byte RMFT2::rosterNameCount=0
    #include "myAutomation.h"
    ;
@@ -198,7 +201,7 @@ const byte RMFT2::rosterNameCount=0
 #define ROSTER(cabid,name,funcmap...) cabid,
 const int16_t HIGHFLASH  RMFT2::rosterIdList[]={
    #include "myAutomation.h"
-   0};
+   INT16_MAX};
 
 // Pass 7: Roster names getter
 #include "EXRAIL2MacroReset.h"
@@ -220,7 +223,7 @@ const FSH * RMFT2::getRosterFunctions(int16_t id) {
       #include "myAutomation.h"
    default: break; 
    }   
-   return F("");
+   return NULL;
 } 
 
 // Pass 8 Signal definitions
@@ -316,6 +319,7 @@ const  HIGHFLASH  int16_t RMFT2::SignalDefinitions[] = {
 #define ONCLOSE(turnout_id) OPCODE_ONCLOSE,V(turnout_id),
 #define ONTIME(value) OPCODE_ONTIME,V(value),  
 #define ONCLOCKTIME(hours,mins) OPCODE_ONTIME,V((STRIP_ZERO(hours)*60)+STRIP_ZERO(mins)),
+#define ONCLOCKMINS(mins) ONCLOCKTIME(25,mins)
 #define ONDEACTIVATE(addr,subaddr) OPCODE_ONDEACTIVATE,V(addr<<2|subaddr),
 #define ONDEACTIVATEL(linear) OPCODE_ONDEACTIVATE,V(linear+3),
 #define ONGREEN(signal_id) OPCODE_ONGREEN,V(signal_id),
@@ -323,8 +327,10 @@ const  HIGHFLASH  int16_t RMFT2::SignalDefinitions[] = {
 #define ONTHROW(turnout_id) OPCODE_ONTHROW,V(turnout_id),
 #define ONCHANGE(sensor_id) OPCODE_ONCHANGE,V(sensor_id),
 #define PAUSE OPCODE_PAUSE,0,0,
-#define PIN_TURNOUT(id,pin,description...) OPCODE_PINTURNOUT,V(id),OPCODE_PAD,V(pin), 
+#define PIN_TURNOUT(id,pin,description...) OPCODE_PINTURNOUT,V(id),OPCODE_PAD,V(pin),
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
 #define POM(cv,value) OPCODE_POM,V(cv),OPCODE_PAD,V(value),
+#endif
 #define POWEROFF OPCODE_POWEROFF,0,0,
 #define POWERON OPCODE_POWERON,0,0,
 #define PRINT(msg) OPCODE_PRINT,V(__COUNTER__ - StringMacroTracker2),
@@ -361,10 +367,12 @@ const  HIGHFLASH  int16_t RMFT2::SignalDefinitions[] = {
 #define STOP OPCODE_SPEED,V(0), 
 #define THROW(id)  OPCODE_THROW,V(id),
 #define TURNOUT(id,addr,subaddr,description...) OPCODE_TURNOUT,V(id),OPCODE_PAD,V(addr),OPCODE_PAD,V(subaddr),
+#define TURNOUTL(id,addr,description...) TURNOUT(id,(addr-1)/4+1,(addr-1)%4, description)
 #define UNJOIN OPCODE_UNJOIN,0,0,
 #define UNLATCH(sensor_id) OPCODE_UNLATCH,V(sensor_id),
 #define VIRTUAL_SIGNAL(id) 
 #define VIRTUAL_TURNOUT(id,description...) OPCODE_PINTURNOUT,V(id),OPCODE_PAD,V(0), 
+#define WITHROTTLE(msg) PRINT(msg)
 #define WAITFOR(pin) OPCODE_WAITFOR,V(pin),
 #define XFOFF(cab,func) OPCODE_XFOFF,V(cab),OPCODE_PAD,V(func),
 #define XFON(cab,func) OPCODE_XFON,V(cab),OPCODE_PAD,V(func),

GITHUB_SHA.h

@@ -1 +1 @@
-#define GITHUB_SHA "devel-202303101548Z"
+#define GITHUB_SHA "devel-202306231154Z"

I2CManager.cpp

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ void I2CManagerClass::begin(void) {
     _beginCompleted = true;
 
     // Check for short-circuit or floating lines (no pull-up) on I2C before enabling I2C
-    const FSH *message = F("WARNING: Possible short-circuit or inadequate pullup on I2C %S line");
+    const FSH *message = F("WARNING: Check I2C %S line for short/pullup");
     pinMode(SDA, INPUT);
     if (!digitalRead(SDA))
       DIAG(message, F("SDA"));

IODevice.cpp

@@ -63,15 +63,31 @@ void IODevice::begin() {
   if (exrailHalSetup)
     exrailHalSetup();
 
-  // Predefine two PCA9685 modules 0x40-0x41
+  // Predefine two PCA9685 modules 0x40-0x41 if no conflicts
   // Allocates 32 pins 100-131
-  PCA9685::create(100, 16, 0x40);
-  PCA9685::create(116, 16, 0x41);
+  if (checkNoOverlap(100, 16, 0x40)) {
+    PCA9685::create(100, 16, 0x40);
+  } else {
+    DIAG(F("Default PCA9685 at I2C 0x40 disabled due to configured user device"));
+  }
+  if (checkNoOverlap(116, 16, 0x41)) {
+    PCA9685::create(116, 16, 0x41);
+  } else {
+    DIAG(F("Default PCA9685 at I2C 0x41 disabled due to configured user device"));
+  }
   
-  // Predefine two MCP23017 module 0x20/0x21
+  // Predefine two MCP23017 module 0x20/0x21 if no conflicts
   // Allocates 32 pins 164-195
-  MCP23017::create(164, 16, 0x20);
-  MCP23017::create(180, 16, 0x21);
+  if (checkNoOverlap(164, 16, 0x20)) {
+    MCP23017::create(164, 16, 0x20);
+  } else {
+    DIAG(F("Default MCP23017 at I2C 0x20 disabled due to configured user device"));
+  }
+  if (checkNoOverlap(180, 16, 0x21)) {
+    MCP23017::create(180, 16, 0x21);
+  } else {
+    DIAG(F("Default MCP23017 at I2C 0x21 disabled due to configured user device"));
+  }
 }
 
 // reset() function to reinitialise all devices
@@ -169,7 +185,7 @@ bool IODevice::hasCallback(VPIN vpin) {
 
 // Display (to diagnostics) details of the device.
 void IODevice::_display() {
-  DIAG(F("Unknown device Vpins:%d-%d %S"), 
+  DIAG(F("Unknown device Vpins:%u-%u %S"), 
     (int)_firstVpin, (int)_firstVpin+_nPins-1, _deviceState==DEVSTATE_FAILED ? F("OFFLINE") : F(""));
 }
 
@@ -179,7 +195,7 @@ bool IODevice::configure(VPIN vpin, ConfigTypeEnum configType, int paramCount, i
   IODevice *dev = findDevice(vpin);
   if (dev) return dev->_configure(vpin, configType, paramCount, params);
 #ifdef DIAG_IO
-  DIAG(F("IODevice::configure(): Vpin ID %d not found!"), (int)vpin);
+  DIAG(F("IODevice::configure(): VPIN %u not found!"), (int)vpin);
 #endif
   return false;
 }
@@ -191,7 +207,7 @@ int IODevice::read(VPIN vpin) {
       return dev->_read(vpin);
   }
 #ifdef DIAG_IO
-  DIAG(F("IODevice::read(): Vpin %d not found!"), (int)vpin);
+  DIAG(F("IODevice::read(): VPIN %u not found!"), (int)vpin);
 #endif
   return false;
 }
@@ -203,7 +219,7 @@ int IODevice::readAnalogue(VPIN vpin) {
       return dev->_readAnalogue(vpin);
   }
 #ifdef DIAG_IO
-  DIAG(F("IODevice::readAnalogue(): Vpin %d not found!"), (int)vpin);
+  DIAG(F("IODevice::readAnalogue(): VPIN %u not found!"), (int)vpin);
 #endif
   return -1023;
 }
@@ -213,7 +229,7 @@ int IODevice::configureAnalogIn(VPIN vpin) {
       return dev->_configureAnalogIn(vpin);
   }
 #ifdef DIAG_IO
-  DIAG(F("IODevice::configureAnalogIn(): Vpin %d not found!"), (int)vpin);
+  DIAG(F("IODevice::configureAnalogIn(): VPIN %u not found!"), (int)vpin);
 #endif
   return -1023;
 }
@@ -227,7 +243,7 @@ void IODevice::write(VPIN vpin, int value) {
     return;
   }
 #ifdef DIAG_IO
-  DIAG(F("IODevice::write(): Vpin ID %d not found!"), (int)vpin);
+  DIAG(F("IODevice::write(): VPIN %u not found!"), (int)vpin);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -246,7 +262,7 @@ void IODevice::writeAnalogue(VPIN vpin, int value, uint8_t param1, uint16_t para
     return;
   }
 #ifdef DIAG_IO
-  DIAG(F("IODevice::writeAnalogue(): Vpin ID %d not found!"), (int)vpin);
+  DIAG(F("IODevice::writeAnalogue(): VPIN %u not found!"), (int)vpin);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -314,9 +330,11 @@ IODevice *IODevice::findDeviceFollowing(VPIN vpin) {
 
 // Private helper function to check for vpin overlap. Run during setup only.
 // returns true if pins DONT overlap with existing device
+// TODO: Move the I2C address reservation and checks into the I2CManager code.
+// That will enable non-HAL devices to reserve I2C addresses too.
 bool IODevice::checkNoOverlap(VPIN firstPin, uint8_t nPins, I2CAddress i2cAddress) {
 #ifdef DIAG_IO
-  DIAG(F("Check no overlap %d %d %s"), firstPin,nPins,i2cAddress.toString());
+  DIAG(F("Check no overlap %u %u %s"), firstPin,nPins,i2cAddress.toString());
 #endif
   VPIN lastPin=firstPin+nPins-1;
   for (IODevice *dev = _firstDevice; dev != 0; dev = dev->_nextDevice) {
@@ -327,7 +345,7 @@ bool IODevice::checkNoOverlap(VPIN firstPin, uint8_t nPins, I2CAddress i2cAddres
       VPIN lastDevPin=firstDevPin+dev->_nPins-1;
       bool noOverlap= firstPin>lastDevPin || lastPin<firstDevPin;
       if (!noOverlap) {
-          DIAG(F("WARNING HAL Overlap definition of pins  %d to %d ignored."),
+          DIAG(F("WARNING HAL Overlap, redefinition of Vpins %u to %u ignored."),
               firstPin, lastPin);
           return false;
       } 
@@ -374,7 +392,7 @@ void IODevice::begin() { DIAG(F("NO HAL CONFIGURED!")); }
 bool IODevice::configure(VPIN pin, ConfigTypeEnum configType, int nParams, int p[]) {
   if (configType!=CONFIGURE_INPUT || nParams!=1 || pin >= NUM_DIGITAL_PINS) return false;
   #ifdef DIAG_IO
-  DIAG(F("Arduino _configurePullup Pin:%d Val:%d"), pin, p[0]);
+  DIAG(F("Arduino _configurePullup pin:%d Val:%d"), pin, p[0]);
   #endif
   pinMode(pin, p[0] ? INPUT_PULLUP : INPUT);
   return true;
@@ -528,7 +546,7 @@ int ArduinoPins::_configureAnalogIn(VPIN vpin) {
 }
 
 void ArduinoPins::_display() {
-  DIAG(F("Arduino Vpins:%d-%d"), (int)_firstVpin, (int)_firstVpin+_nPins-1);
+  DIAG(F("Arduino Vpins:%u-%u"), (int)_firstVpin, (int)_firstVpin+_nPins-1);
 }
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

IODevice.h

@@ -467,6 +467,75 @@ protected:
   }
 };
 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// 
+// This HAL device driver is intended for communication in automation
+// sequences.  A VPIN can be SET or RESET within a sequence, and its
+// current state checked elsewhere using IF, IFNOT, AT etc. or monitored
+// from JMRI using a Sensor object (DCC-EX <S ...> command).
+// Alternatively, the flag can be set from JMRI and other interfaces
+// using the <Z ...> command, to enable or disable actions within a sequence.
+// 
+// Example of configuration in halSetup.h:
+// 
+//  FLAGS::create(32000, 128);
+// 
+// or in myAutomation.h:
+//  
+//  HAL(FLAGS, 32000, 128);
+// 
+// Both create 128 flags numbered with VPINs 32000-32127.
+// 
+//
+
+class FLAGS : IODevice {
+private:
+  uint8_t *_states = NULL;
+
+public:
+  static void create(VPIN firstVpin, unsigned int nPins) {
+    if (checkNoOverlap(firstVpin, nPins))
+        new FLAGS(firstVpin, nPins);
+  }
+
+protected:
+  // Constructor performs static initialisation of the device object
+  FLAGS (VPIN firstVpin, int nPins) {
+    _firstVpin = firstVpin;
+    _nPins = nPins;
+    _states = (uint8_t *)calloc(1, (_nPins+7)/8);
+    if (!_states) {
+      DIAG(F("FLAGS: ERROR Memory Allocation Failure"));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    addDevice(this);
+  }
+
+  int _read(VPIN vpin) override {
+    int pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
+    if (pin >= _nPins || pin < 0) return 0;
+    uint8_t mask = 1 << (pin & 7);
+    return (_states[pin>>3] & mask) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+
+  void _write(VPIN vpin, int value) override {
+    int pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
+    if (pin >= _nPins || pin < 0) return;
+    uint8_t mask = 1 << (pin & 7);
+    if (value) 
+      _states[pin>>3] |= mask;
+    else
+      _states[pin>>3] &= ~mask;
+  }
+
+  void _display() override {
+    DIAG(F("FLAGS configured on VPINs %u-%u"),
+      _firstVpin, _firstVpin+_nPins-1);
+  }
+
+};
+
 #include "IO_MCP23008.h"
 #include "IO_MCP23017.h"
 #include "IO_PCF8574.h"

IO_AnalogueInputs.h

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ private:
         case STATE_GETVALUE:
           _value[_currentPin] = ((uint16_t)_inBuffer[0] << 8) + (uint16_t)_inBuffer[1];
           #ifdef IO_ANALOGUE_SLOW
-          DIAG(F("ADS111x pin:%d value:%d"), _currentPin, _value[_currentPin]);
+          DIAG(F("ADS111x VPIN:%u value:%d"), _currentPin, _value[_currentPin]);
           #endif
 
           // Move to next pin
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ private:
   }
   
   void _display() override {
-    DIAG(F("ADS111x I2C:%s Configured on Vpins:%d-%d %S"), _I2CAddress.toString(), _firstVpin, _firstVpin+_nPins-1,
+    DIAG(F("ADS111x I2C:%s Configured on Vpins:%u-%u %S"), _I2CAddress.toString(), _firstVpin, _firstVpin+_nPins-1,
       _deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED ? F("OFFLINE") : F(""));
   }
 

IO_DCCAccessory.cpp

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ void DCCAccessoryDecoder::_write(VPIN id, int state) {
 
 void DCCAccessoryDecoder::_display() {
   int endAddress = _packedAddress + _nPins - 1;
-  DIAG(F("DCCAccessoryDecoder Configured on Vpins:%d-%d Addresses %d/%d-%d/%d)"), _firstVpin, _firstVpin+_nPins-1,
+  DIAG(F("DCCAccessoryDecoder Configured on Vpins:%u-%u Addresses %d/%d-%d/%d)"), _firstVpin, _firstVpin+_nPins-1,
       ADDRESS(_packedAddress), SUBADDRESS(_packedAddress), ADDRESS(endAddress), SUBADDRESS(endAddress));
 }
 

IO_DFPlayer.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- *  © 2022, Neil McKechnie. All rights reserved.
+ *  © 2023, Neil McKechnie. All rights reserved.
  *  
  *  This file is part of DCC++EX API
  *
@@ -33,10 +33,13 @@
  *   and Serialn is the name of the Serial port connected to the DFPlayer (e.g. Serial1).
  * 
  * Example:
- *   In mySetup function within mySetup.cpp:
+ *   In halSetup function within myHal.cpp:
  *       DFPlayer::create(3500, 5, Serial1);
+ *   or in myAutomation.h:
+ *       HAL(DFPlayer, 3500, 5, Serial1)
  * 
- * Writing an analogue value 1-2999 to the first pin (3500) will play the numbered file from the SD card;
+ * Writing an analogue value 1-2999 to the first pin (3500) will play the numbered file from the
+ * SD card; e.g. a value of 1 will play the first file, 2 for the second file etc.
  * Writing an analogue value 0 to the first pin (3500) will stop the file playing;
  * Writing an analogue value 0-30 to the second pin (3501) will set the volume;
  * Writing a digital value of 1 to a pin will play the file corresponding to that pin, e.g.
@@ -61,6 +64,10 @@
  * card (as listed by the DIR command in Windows).  This may not match the order of the files 
  * as displayed by Windows File Manager, which sorts the file names.  It is suggested that
  * files be copied into an empty SDcard in the desired order, one at a time.
+ * 
+ * The driver now polls the device for its current status every second.  Should the device
+ * fail to respond it will be marked off-line and its busy indicator cleared, to avoid
+ * lock-ups in automation scripts that are executing for a WAITFOR().
  */
 
 #ifndef IO_DFPlayer_h
@@ -74,21 +81,13 @@ private:
   HardwareSerial *_serial;
   bool _playing = false;
   uint8_t _inputIndex = 0;
-  unsigned long _commandSendTime; // Allows timeout processing
-  uint8_t _lastVolumeLevel = MAXVOLUME;
-
-  // When two commands are sent in quick succession, the device sometimes 
-  // fails to execute one.  A delay is required between successive commands.
-  // This could be implemented by buffering commands and outputting them
-  // from the loop() function, but it would somewhat complicate the 
-  // driver.  A simpler solution is to output a number of NUL pad characters
-  // between successive command strings if there isn't sufficient elapsed time
-  // between them.  At 9600 baud, each pad character takes approximately
-  // 1ms to complete.  Experiments indicate that the minimum number of pads
-  // for reliable operation is 17.  This gives 17.7ms between the end of one
-  // command and the beginning of the next, or 28ms between successive commands
-  // being completed.  I've allowed 20 characters, which is almost 21ms.
-  const int numPadCharacters = 20;  // Number of pad characters between commands
+  unsigned long _commandSendTime; // Time (us) that last transmit took place.
+  unsigned long _timeoutTime;
+  uint8_t _recvCMD;  // Last received command code byte
+  bool _awaitingResponse = false;
+  uint8_t _requestedVolumeLevel = MAXVOLUME;
+  uint8_t _currentVolume = MAXVOLUME;
+  int _requestedSong = -1;  // -1=none, 0=stop, >0=file number
   
 public:
  
@@ -113,66 +112,151 @@ protected:
 
     // Send a query to the device to see if it responds
     sendPacket(0x42); 
-    _commandSendTime = micros();
+    _timeoutTime = micros() + 5000000UL;  // 5 second timeout
+    _awaitingResponse = true;
   }
 
   void _loop(unsigned long currentMicros) override {
-    // Check for incoming data on _serial, and update busy flag accordingly.
-    // Expected message is in the form "7E FF 06 3D xx xx xx xx xx EF"
-    while (_serial->available()) {
-      int c = _serial->read();
-      if (c == 0x7E && _inputIndex == 0) 
-        _inputIndex = 1;
-      else if ((c==0xFF && _inputIndex==1)
-            || (c==0x3D && _inputIndex==3) 
-            || (_inputIndex >=4 && _inputIndex <= 8))
-        _inputIndex++;
-      else if (c==0x06 && _inputIndex==2) { 
-        // Valid message prefix, so consider the device online
-        if (_deviceState==DEVSTATE_INITIALISING) {
-          _deviceState = DEVSTATE_NORMAL;
-          #ifdef DIAG_IO
-          _display();
-          #endif
-        }
-        _inputIndex++;
-      } else if (c==0xEF && _inputIndex==9) {
-        // End of play
-        if (_playing) {
-          #ifdef DIAG_IO
-          DIAG(F("DFPlayer: Finished"));
-          #endif
-          _playing = false;
-        }
-        _inputIndex = 0;
-      } else 
-        _inputIndex = 0;  // Unrecognised character sequence, start again!
-    }
-    // Check if the initial prompt to device has timed out.  Allow 5 seconds
-    if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_INITIALISING && currentMicros - _commandSendTime > 5000000UL) {
+
+    // Read responses from device
+    processIncoming();
+
+    // Check if a command sent to device has timed out.  Allow 0.5 second for response
+    if (_awaitingResponse && (int32_t)(currentMicros - _timeoutTime) > 0) {
       DIAG(F("DFPlayer device not responding on serial port"));
       _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
+      _awaitingResponse = false;
+      _playing = false;
     }
+
+    // Send any commands that need to go.
+    processOutgoing(currentMicros);
+
     delayUntil(currentMicros + 10000); // Only enter every 10ms
   }
 
+  // Check for incoming data on _serial, and update busy flag and other state accordingly
+  void processIncoming() {
+    // Expected message is in the form "7E FF 06 3D xx xx xx xx xx EF"
+    bool ok = false;
+    while (_serial->available()) {
+      int c = _serial->read();
+      switch (_inputIndex) {
+        case 0:
+          if (c == 0x7E) ok = true;
+          break;
+        case 1:
+          if (c == 0xFF) ok = true;
+          break;
+        case 2:
+          if (c== 0x06) ok = true;
+          break;
+        case 3:
+          _recvCMD = c; // CMD byte
+          ok = true;
+          break;
+        case 6:
+          switch (_recvCMD) {
+            case 0x42:
+              // Response to status query
+              _playing = (c != 0);
+              // Mark the device online and cancel timeout
+              if (_deviceState==DEVSTATE_INITIALISING) {
+                _deviceState = DEVSTATE_NORMAL;
+                #ifdef DIAG_IO
+                _display();
+                #endif
+              }
+              _awaitingResponse = false;
+              break;
+            case 0x3d:
+              // End of play
+              if (_playing) {
+                #ifdef DIAG_IO
+                DIAG(F("DFPlayer: Finished"));
+                #endif
+                _playing = false;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 0x40:
+              // Error code
+              DIAG(F("DFPlayer: Error %d returned from device"), c);
+              _playing = false;
+              break;
+          }
+          ok = true;
+          break;
+        case 4: case 5: case 7: case 8: 
+          ok = true;  // Skip over these bytes in message.
+          break;
+        case 9:
+          if (c==0xef) {
+            // Message finished
+          }
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+      if (ok)
+        _inputIndex++;  // character as expected, so increment index
+      else
+        _inputIndex = 0;  // otherwise reset.
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Send any commands that need to be sent
+  void processOutgoing(unsigned long currentMicros) {
+
+    // When two commands are sent in quick succession, the device will often fail to 
+    // execute one.  Testing has indicated that a delay of 100ms or more is required
+    // between successive commands to get reliable operation.
+    // If 100ms has elapsed since the last thing sent, then check if there's some output to do.
+    if (((int32_t)currentMicros - _commandSendTime) > 100000) {
+      if (_currentVolume > _requestedVolumeLevel) {
+        // Change volume before changing song if volume is reducing.
+        _currentVolume = _requestedVolumeLevel;
+        sendPacket(0x06, _currentVolume);
+      } else if (_requestedSong > 0) {
+        // Change song
+        sendPacket(0x03, _requestedSong);
+        _requestedSong = -1;
+      } else if (_requestedSong == 0) {
+        sendPacket(0x16);  // Stop playing
+        _requestedSong = -1;
+      } else if (_currentVolume < _requestedVolumeLevel) {
+        // Change volume after changing song if volume is increasing.
+        _currentVolume = _requestedVolumeLevel;
+        sendPacket(0x06, _currentVolume);
+      } else if ((int32_t)currentMicros - _commandSendTime > 1000000) {
+        // Poll device every second that other commands aren't being sent,
+        // to check if it's still connected and responding.
+        sendPacket(0x42); 
+        if (!_awaitingResponse) {
+          _timeoutTime = currentMicros + 5000000UL;  // Timeout if no response within 5 seconds
+          _awaitingResponse = true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   // Write with value 1 starts playing a song.  The relative pin number is the file number.
   // Write with value 0 stops playing.
   void _write(VPIN vpin, int value) override {
+    if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return;
     int pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
     if (value) {
       // Value 1, start playing
       #ifdef DIAG_IO
       DIAG(F("DFPlayer: Play %d"), pin+1);
       #endif
-      sendPacket(0x03, pin+1);
+      _requestedSong = pin+1;
       _playing = true;
     } else {
       // Value 0, stop playing
       #ifdef DIAG_IO
       DIAG(F("DFPlayer: Stop"));
       #endif
-      sendPacket(0x16);
+      _requestedSong = 0;  // No song
       _playing = false;
     }
   }
@@ -181,16 +265,13 @@ protected:
   // Volume may be specified as second parameter to writeAnalogue.
   // If value is zero, the player stops playing.  
   // WriteAnalogue on second pin sets the output volume.
-  // If starting a new file and setting volume, then avoid a short burst of loud noise by 
-  // the following strategy:
-  //    - If the volume is increasing, start playing the song before setting the volume,
-  //    - If the volume is decreasing, decrease it and then start playing.
   //
   void _writeAnalogue(VPIN vpin, int value, uint8_t volume=0, uint16_t=0) override { 
+    if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return;
     uint8_t pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
  
     #ifdef DIAG_IO
-    DIAG(F("DFPlayer: VPIN:%d FileNo:%d Volume:%d"), vpin, value, volume);
+    DIAG(F("DFPlayer: VPIN:%u FileNo:%d Volume:%d"), vpin, value, volume);
     #endif
 
     // Validate parameter.
@@ -199,37 +280,28 @@ protected:
     if (pin == 0) {
       // Play track 
       if (value > 0) {
-        if (volume != 0) {
-          if (volume <= _lastVolumeLevel)
-            sendPacket(0x06, volume);  // Set volume before starting
-          sendPacket(0x03, value); // Play track
-          _playing = true;
-          if (volume > _lastVolumeLevel) 
-            sendPacket(0x06, volume); // Set volume after starting
-          _lastVolumeLevel = volume;
-        } else {
-          // Volume not changed, just play
-          sendPacket(0x03, value); 
-          _playing = true;
-        }
+        if (volume > 0)
+          _requestedVolumeLevel = volume;
+        _requestedSong = value;
+        _playing = true;
       } else {
-        sendPacket(0x16); // Stop play
+        _requestedSong = 0; // stop playing
         _playing = false;
       }
     } else if (pin == 1) {
       // Set volume (0-30)
-      sendPacket(0x06, value);    
-      _lastVolumeLevel = volume;  
+      _requestedVolumeLevel = value;  
     }
   }
 
   // A read on any pin indicates whether the player is still playing.
   int _read(VPIN) override {
+    if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return false;
     return _playing;
   }
 
   void _display() override {
-    DIAG(F("DFPlayer Configured on Vpins:%d-%d %S"), _firstVpin, _firstVpin+_nPins-1,
+    DIAG(F("DFPlayer Configured on Vpins:%u-%u %S"), _firstVpin, _firstVpin+_nPins-1,
       (_deviceState==DEVSTATE_FAILED) ? F("OFFLINE") : F(""));
   }
   
@@ -246,7 +318,6 @@ private:
 
   void sendPacket(uint8_t command, uint16_t arg = 0)
   {
-    unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
     uint8_t out[] = { 0x7E,
         0xFF,
         06,
@@ -260,19 +331,10 @@ private:
 
     setChecksum(out);
 
-    // Check how long since the last command was sent.
-    // Each character takes approx 1ms at 9600 baud
-    unsigned long minimumGap = numPadCharacters + sizeof(out);
-    if (currentMillis - _commandSendTime < minimumGap) {
-      // Output some pad characters to add an
-      // artificial delay between commands
-      for (int i=0; i<numPadCharacters; i++) 
-        _serial->write((uint8_t)0);
-    }
-
-    // Now output the command
+    // Output the command
     _serial->write(out, sizeof(out));
-    _commandSendTime = currentMillis;
+
+    _commandSendTime = micros();
   }
 
   uint16_t calcChecksum(uint8_t* packet)

IO_EXIOExpander.h

@@ -34,11 +34,16 @@
 * device in use. There is no way for the device driver to sanity check pins are used for the
 * correct purpose, however the EX-IOExpander device's pin map will prevent pins being used
 * incorrectly (eg. A6/7 on Nano cannot be used for digital input/output).
+*
+* The total number of pins cannot exceed 256 because of the communications packet format.
+* The number of analogue inputs cannot exceed 16 because of a limit on the maximum
+* I2C packet size of 32 bytes (in the Wire library).
 */
 
 #ifndef IO_EX_IOEXPANDER_H
 #define IO_EX_IOEXPANDER_H
 
+#include "IODevice.h"
 #include "I2CManager.h"
 #include "DIAG.h"
 #include "FSH.h"
@@ -64,116 +69,209 @@ public:
     if (checkNoOverlap(vpin, nPins, i2cAddress)) new EXIOExpander(vpin, nPins, i2cAddress);
   }
 
-private:  
+private:
   // Constructor
   EXIOExpander(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, I2CAddress i2cAddress) {
     _firstVpin = firstVpin;
+    // Number of pins cannot exceed 256 (1 byte) because of I2C message structure.
+    if (nPins > 256) nPins = 256;
     _nPins = nPins;
-    _i2cAddress = i2cAddress;
+    _I2CAddress = i2cAddress;
     addDevice(this);
   }
 
   void _begin() {
+    uint8_t status;
     // Initialise EX-IOExander device
     I2CManager.begin();
-    if (I2CManager.exists(_i2cAddress)) {
-      _command4Buffer[0] = EXIOINIT;
-      _command4Buffer[1] = _nPins;
-      _command4Buffer[2] = _firstVpin & 0xFF;
-      _command4Buffer[3] = _firstVpin >> 8;
+    if (I2CManager.exists(_I2CAddress)) {
       // Send config, if EXIOPINS returned, we're good, setup pin buffers, otherwise go offline
-      I2CManager.read(_i2cAddress, _receive3Buffer, 3, _command4Buffer, 4, &_i2crb);
-      if (_receive3Buffer[0] == EXIOPINS) {
-        _numDigitalPins = _receive3Buffer[1];
-        _numAnaloguePins = _receive3Buffer[2];
-        _digitalPinBytes = (_numDigitalPins + 7)/8;
-        _digitalInputStates=(byte*) calloc(_digitalPinBytes,1);
-        _analoguePinBytes = _numAnaloguePins * 2;
-        _analogueInputStates = (byte*) calloc(_analoguePinBytes, 1);
-        _analoguePinMap = (uint8_t*) calloc(_numAnaloguePins, 1);
-      } else {
-        DIAG(F("ERROR configuring EX-IOExpander device, I2C:%s"), _i2cAddress.toString());
-        _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
-        return;
-      }
+      // NB The I2C calls here are done as blocking calls, as they're not time-critical
+      // during initialisation and the reads require waiting for a response anyway.
+      // Hence we can allocate I/O buffers from the stack.
+      uint8_t receiveBuffer[3];
+      uint8_t commandBuffer[4] = {EXIOINIT, (uint8_t)_nPins, (uint8_t)(_firstVpin & 0xFF), (uint8_t)(_firstVpin >> 8)};
+      status = I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, receiveBuffer, sizeof(receiveBuffer), commandBuffer, sizeof(commandBuffer));
+      if (status == I2C_STATUS_OK) {
+        if (receiveBuffer[0] == EXIOPINS) {
+          _numDigitalPins = receiveBuffer[1];
+          _numAnaloguePins = receiveBuffer[2];
+
+          // See if we already have suitable buffers assigned
+          size_t digitalBytesNeeded = (_numDigitalPins + 7) / 8;
+          if (_digitalPinBytes < digitalBytesNeeded) {
+            // Not enough space, free any existing buffer and allocate a new one
+            if (_digitalPinBytes > 0) free(_digitalInputStates);
+            _digitalInputStates = (byte*) calloc(_digitalPinBytes, 1);
+            _digitalPinBytes = digitalBytesNeeded;
+          }
+          size_t analogueBytesNeeded = _numAnaloguePins * 2;
+          if (_analoguePinBytes < analogueBytesNeeded) {
+            // Free any existing buffers and allocate new ones.
+            if (_analoguePinBytes > 0) {
+              free(_analogueInputBuffer);
+              free(_analogueInputStates);
+              free(_analoguePinMap);
+            }
+            _analogueInputStates = (uint8_t*) calloc(analogueBytesNeeded, 1);
+            _analogueInputBuffer = (uint8_t*) calloc(analogueBytesNeeded, 1);
+            _analoguePinMap = (uint8_t*) calloc(_numAnaloguePins, 1);
+            _analoguePinBytes = analogueBytesNeeded;
+          }
+        } else {
+          DIAG(F("EX-IOExpander I2C:%s ERROR configuring device"), _I2CAddress.toString());
+          _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
+          return;
+        }
+      } 
       // We now need to retrieve the analogue pin map
-      _command1Buffer[0] = EXIOINITA;
-      I2CManager.read(_i2cAddress, _analoguePinMap, _numAnaloguePins, _command1Buffer, 1, &_i2crb);
-      // Attempt to get version, if we don't get it, we don't care, don't go offline
-      _command1Buffer[0] = EXIOVER;
-      I2CManager.read(_i2cAddress, _versionBuffer, 3, _command1Buffer, 1, &_i2crb);
-      _majorVer = _versionBuffer[0];
-      _minorVer = _versionBuffer[1];
-      _patchVer = _versionBuffer[2];
-      DIAG(F("EX-IOExpander device found, I2C:%s, Version v%d.%d.%d"),
-          _i2cAddress.toString(), _versionBuffer[0], _versionBuffer[1], _versionBuffer[2]);
+      if (status == I2C_STATUS_OK) {
+        commandBuffer[0] = EXIOINITA;
+        status = I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, _analoguePinMap, _numAnaloguePins, commandBuffer, 1);
+      }
+      if (status == I2C_STATUS_OK) {
+        // Attempt to get version, if we don't get it, we don't care, don't go offline
+        uint8_t versionBuffer[3];
+        commandBuffer[0] = EXIOVER;
+        if (I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, versionBuffer, sizeof(versionBuffer), commandBuffer, 1) == I2C_STATUS_OK) {
+          _majorVer = versionBuffer[0];
+          _minorVer = versionBuffer[1];
+          _patchVer = versionBuffer[2];
+        }
+        DIAG(F("EX-IOExpander device found, I2C:%s, Version v%d.%d.%d"),
+            _I2CAddress.toString(), _majorVer, _minorVer, _patchVer);
+
 #ifdef DIAG_IO
-      _display();
+        _display();
 #endif
+      }
+      if (status != I2C_STATUS_OK)
+        reportError(status);
+
     } else {
-      DIAG(F("EX-IOExpander device not found, I2C:%s"), _i2cAddress.toString());
+      DIAG(F("EX-IOExpander I2C:%s device not found"), _I2CAddress.toString());
       _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
     }
   }
 
-  // Digital input pin configuration, used to enable on EX-IOExpander device and set pullups if in use
+  // Digital input pin configuration, used to enable on EX-IOExpander device and set pullups if requested.
+  // Configuration isn't done frequently so we can use blocking I2C calls here, and so buffers can
+  // be allocated from the stack to reduce RAM allocation.
   bool _configure(VPIN vpin, ConfigTypeEnum configType, int paramCount, int params[]) override {
     if (paramCount != 1) return false;
     int pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
     if (configType == CONFIGURE_INPUT) {
-      bool pullup = params[0];
-      _digitalOutBuffer[0] = EXIODPUP;
-      _digitalOutBuffer[1] = pin;
-      _digitalOutBuffer[2] = pullup;
-      I2CManager.read(_i2cAddress, _command1Buffer, 1, _digitalOutBuffer, 3, &_i2crb);
-      if (_command1Buffer[0] == EXIORDY) {
-        return true;
-      } else {
-        DIAG(F("Vpin %d cannot be used as a digital input pin"), (int)vpin);
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else {
+      uint8_t pullup = params[0];
+      uint8_t outBuffer[] = {EXIODPUP, (uint8_t)pin, pullup};
+      uint8_t responseBuffer[1];
+      uint8_t status = I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, responseBuffer, sizeof(responseBuffer),
+                                outBuffer, sizeof(outBuffer));
+      if (status == I2C_STATUS_OK) {
+        if (responseBuffer[0] == EXIORDY) {
+          return true;
+        } else {
+          DIAG(F("EXIOVpin %u cannot be used as a digital input pin"), (int)vpin);
+        }
+      } else
+        reportError(status);
+    } else if (configType == CONFIGURE_ANALOGINPUT) {
+      // TODO:  Consider moving code from _configureAnalogIn() to here and remove _configureAnalogIn
+      // from IODevice class definition.  Not urgent, but each virtual function defined
+      // means increasing the RAM requirement of every HAL device driver, whether it's relevant
+      // to the driver or not.
       return false;
     }
+    return false;
   }
 
-  // Analogue input pin configuration, used to enable on EX-IOExpander device
+  // Analogue input pin configuration, used to enable an EX-IOExpander device.
+  // Use I2C blocking calls and allocate buffers from stack to save RAM.
   int _configureAnalogIn(VPIN vpin) override {
     int pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
-    _command2Buffer[0] = EXIOENAN;
-    _command2Buffer[1] = pin;
-    I2CManager.read(_i2cAddress, _command1Buffer, 1, _command2Buffer, 2, &_i2crb);
-    if (_command1Buffer[0] == EXIORDY) {
-      return true;
-    } else {
-      DIAG(F("Vpin %d cannot be used as an analogue input pin"), (int)vpin);
-      return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+    uint8_t commandBuffer[] = {EXIOENAN, (uint8_t)pin};
+    uint8_t responseBuffer[1];
+    uint8_t status = I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, responseBuffer, sizeof(responseBuffer),
+                                  commandBuffer, sizeof(commandBuffer));
+    if (status == I2C_STATUS_OK) {
+      if (responseBuffer[0] == EXIORDY) {
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        DIAG(F("EX-IOExpander: Vpin %u cannot be used as an analogue input pin"), (int)vpin);
+      }
+    } else
+      reportError(status);
+
+    return false;
   }
 
   // Main loop, collect both digital and analogue pin states continuously (faster sensor/input reads)
   void _loop(unsigned long currentMicros) override {
-    (void)currentMicros; // remove warning
-    if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return;
-    _command1Buffer[0] = EXIORDD;
-    I2CManager.read(_i2cAddress, _digitalInputStates, _digitalPinBytes, _command1Buffer, 1, &_i2crb);
-    _command1Buffer[0] = EXIORDAN;
-    I2CManager.read(_i2cAddress, _analogueInputStates, _analoguePinBytes, _command1Buffer, 1, &_i2crb);
+    if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return;    // If device failed, return
+
+    // Request block is used for analogue and digital reads from the IOExpander, which are performed
+    // on a cyclic basis.  Writes are performed synchronously as and when requested.
+
+    if (_readState != RDS_IDLE) {
+      if (_i2crb.isBusy()) return;                // If I2C operation still in progress, return
+
+      uint8_t status = _i2crb.status;
+      if (status == I2C_STATUS_OK) {             // If device request ok, read input data
+
+        // First check if we need to process received data
+        if (_readState == RDS_ANALOGUE) {
+          // Read of analogue values was in progress, so process received values
+          // Here we need to copy the values from input buffer to the analogue value array.  We need to 
+          // do this to avoid tearing of the values (i.e. one byte of a two-byte value being changed
+          // while the value is being read).
+          memcpy(_analogueInputStates, _analogueInputBuffer, _analoguePinBytes); // Copy I2C input buffer to states
+
+        } else if (_readState == RDS_DIGITAL) {
+          // Read of digital states was in progress, so process received values 
+          // The received digital states are placed directly into the digital buffer on receipt, 
+          // so don't need any further processing at this point (unless we want to check for
+          // changes and notify them to subscribers, to avoid the need for polling - see IO_GPIOBase.h).
+        }
+      } else
+        reportError(status, false);   // report eror but don't go offline.
+
+      _readState = RDS_IDLE;
+    }
+
+    // If we're not doing anything now, check to see if a new input transfer is due.
+    if (_readState == RDS_IDLE) {
+      if (currentMicros - _lastDigitalRead > _digitalRefresh) { // Delay for digital read refresh
+        // Issue new read request for digital states.  As the request is non-blocking, the buffer has to
+        // be allocated from heap (object state).
+        _readCommandBuffer[0] = EXIORDD;
+        I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, _digitalInputStates, (_numDigitalPins+7)/8, _readCommandBuffer, 1, &_i2crb);
+                                                                // non-blocking read
+        _lastDigitalRead = currentMicros;
+        _readState = RDS_DIGITAL;
+      } else if (currentMicros - _lastAnalogueRead > _analogueRefresh) { // Delay for analogue read refresh
+        // Issue new read for analogue input states
+        _readCommandBuffer[0] = EXIORDAN;
+        I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, _analogueInputBuffer,
+            _numAnaloguePins * 2, _readCommandBuffer, 1, &_i2crb);
+        _lastAnalogueRead = currentMicros;
+        _readState = RDS_ANALOGUE;
+      }
+    }
   }
 
+  // Obtain the correct analogue input value, with reference to the analogue
+  // pin map.  
   // Obtain the correct analogue input value
   int _readAnalogue(VPIN vpin) override {
     if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return 0;
     int pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
-    uint8_t _pinLSBByte;
     for (uint8_t aPin = 0; aPin < _numAnaloguePins; aPin++) {
       if (_analoguePinMap[aPin] == pin) {
-        _pinLSBByte = aPin * 2;
+        uint8_t _pinLSBByte = aPin * 2;
+        uint8_t _pinMSBByte = _pinLSBByte + 1;
+        return (_analogueInputStates[_pinMSBByte] << 8) + _analogueInputStates[_pinLSBByte];
       }
     }
-    uint8_t _pinMSBByte = _pinLSBByte + 1;
-    return (_analogueInputStates[_pinMSBByte] << 8) + _analogueInputStates[_pinLSBByte];
+    return -1;  // pin not found in table
   }
 
   // Obtain the correct digital input value
@@ -185,65 +283,103 @@ private:
     return value;
   }
 
+  // Write digital value.  We could have an output buffer of states, that is periodically
+  // written to the device if there are any changes; this would reduce the I2C overhead
+  // if lots of output requests are being made.  We could also cache the last value 
+  // sent so that we don't write the same value over and over to the output.  
+  // However, for the time being, we just write the current value (blocking I2C) to the
+  // IOExpander node.  As it is a blocking request, we can use buffers allocated from
+  // the stack to save RAM allocation.
   void _write(VPIN vpin, int value) override {
+    uint8_t digitalOutBuffer[3];
+    uint8_t responseBuffer[1];
     if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return;
     int pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
-    _digitalOutBuffer[0] = EXIOWRD;
-    _digitalOutBuffer[1] = pin;
-    _digitalOutBuffer[2] = value;
-    I2CManager.read(_i2cAddress, _command1Buffer, 1, _digitalOutBuffer, 3, &_i2crb);
-    if (_command1Buffer[0] != EXIORDY) {
-      DIAG(F("Vpin %d cannot be used as a digital output pin"), (int)vpin);
+    digitalOutBuffer[0] = EXIOWRD;
+    digitalOutBuffer[1] = pin;
+    digitalOutBuffer[2] = value;
+    uint8_t status = I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, responseBuffer, 1, digitalOutBuffer, 3);
+    if (status != I2C_STATUS_OK) {
+      reportError(status);
+    } else {
+      if (responseBuffer[0] != EXIORDY) {
+        DIAG(F("Vpin %u cannot be used as a digital output pin"), (int)vpin);
+      }
     }
   }
 
+  // Write analogue (integer) value.  Write the parameters (blocking I2C) to the
+  // IOExpander node.  As it is a blocking request, we can use buffers allocated from
+  // the stack to reduce RAM allocation.
   void _writeAnalogue(VPIN vpin, int value, uint8_t profile, uint16_t duration) override {
+    uint8_t servoBuffer[7];
+    uint8_t responseBuffer[1];
+
     if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return;
     int pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
 #ifdef DIAG_IO
-    DIAG(F("Servo: WriteAnalogue Vpin:%d Value:%d Profile:%d Duration:%d %S"), 
+    DIAG(F("Servo: WriteAnalogue Vpin:%u Value:%d Profile:%d Duration:%d %S"), 
       vpin, value, profile, duration, _deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED?F("DEVSTATE_FAILED"):F(""));
 #endif
-    _servoBuffer[0] = EXIOWRAN;
-    _servoBuffer[1] = pin;
-    _servoBuffer[2] = value & 0xFF;
-    _servoBuffer[3] = value >> 8;
-    _servoBuffer[4] = profile;
-    _servoBuffer[5] = duration & 0xFF;
-    _servoBuffer[6] = duration >> 8;
-    I2CManager.read(_i2cAddress, _command1Buffer, 1, _servoBuffer, 7, &_i2crb);
-    if (_command1Buffer[0] != EXIORDY) {
-      DIAG(F("Vpin %d cannot be used as a servo/PWM pin"), (int)vpin);
+    servoBuffer[0] = EXIOWRAN;
+    servoBuffer[1] = pin;
+    servoBuffer[2] = value & 0xFF;
+    servoBuffer[3] = value >> 8;
+    servoBuffer[4] = profile;
+    servoBuffer[5] = duration & 0xFF;
+    servoBuffer[6] = duration >> 8;
+    uint8_t status = I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, responseBuffer, 1, servoBuffer, 7);
+    if (status != I2C_STATUS_OK) {
+      DIAG(F("EX-IOExpander I2C:%s Error:%d %S"), _I2CAddress.toString(), status, I2CManager.getErrorMessage(status));
+      _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
+    } else {
+      if (responseBuffer[0] != EXIORDY) {
+        DIAG(F("Vpin %u cannot be used as a servo/PWM pin"), (int)vpin);
+      }
     }
   }
 
+  // Display device information and status.
   void _display() override {
-    DIAG(F("EX-IOExpander I2C:%s v%d.%d.%d Vpins %d-%d %S"),
-              _i2cAddress.toString(), _majorVer, _minorVer, _patchVer,
+    DIAG(F("EX-IOExpander I2C:%s v%d.%d.%d Vpins %u-%u %S"),
+              _I2CAddress.toString(), _majorVer, _minorVer, _patchVer,
               (int)_firstVpin, (int)_firstVpin+_nPins-1,
               _deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED ? F("OFFLINE") : F(""));
   }
 
-  I2CAddress _i2cAddress;
+  // Helper function for error handling
+  void reportError(uint8_t status, bool fail=true) {
+    DIAG(F("EX-IOExpander I2C:%s Error:%d (%S)"), _I2CAddress.toString(), 
+      status, I2CManager.getErrorMessage(status));
+    if (fail)
+    _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
+  }
+
   uint8_t _numDigitalPins = 0;
   uint8_t _numAnaloguePins = 0;
-  byte _digitalOutBuffer[3];
-  uint8_t _versionBuffer[3];
+
   uint8_t _majorVer = 0;
   uint8_t _minorVer = 0;
   uint8_t _patchVer = 0;
-  byte* _digitalInputStates;
-  byte* _analogueInputStates;
-  uint8_t _digitalPinBytes = 0;
-  uint8_t _analoguePinBytes = 0;
-  byte _command1Buffer[1];
-  byte _command2Buffer[2];
-  byte _command4Buffer[4];
-  byte _receive3Buffer[3];
-  byte _servoBuffer[7];
+
+  uint8_t* _digitalInputStates;
+  uint8_t* _analogueInputStates;
+  uint8_t* _analogueInputBuffer;  // buffer for I2C input transfers
+  uint8_t _readCommandBuffer[1];
+
+  uint8_t _digitalPinBytes = 0;  // Size of allocated memory buffer (may be longer than needed)
+  uint8_t _analoguePinBytes = 0;  // Size of allocated memory buffers (may be longer than needed)
   uint8_t* _analoguePinMap;
   I2CRB _i2crb;
 
+  enum {RDS_IDLE, RDS_DIGITAL, RDS_ANALOGUE};  // Read operation states
+  uint8_t _readState = RDS_IDLE;
+  
+  unsigned long _lastDigitalRead = 0;
+  unsigned long _lastAnalogueRead = 0;
+  const unsigned long _digitalRefresh = 10000UL;    // Delay refreshing digital inputs for 10ms
+  const unsigned long _analogueRefresh = 50000UL;   // Delay refreshing analogue inputs for 50ms
+
   // EX-IOExpander protocol flags
   enum {
     EXIOINIT = 0xE0,    // Flag to initialise setup procedure

IO_EXTurntable.h

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ void EXTurntable::_writeAnalogue(VPIN vpin, int value, uint8_t activity, uint16_
   uint8_t stepsMSB = value >> 8;
   uint8_t stepsLSB = value & 0xFF;
 #ifdef DIAG_IO
-  DIAG(F("EX-Turntable WriteAnalogue Vpin:%d Value:%d Activity:%d Duration:%d"),
+  DIAG(F("EX-Turntable WriteAnalogue VPIN:%u Value:%d Activity:%d Duration:%d"),
     vpin, value, activity, duration);
   DIAG(F("I2CManager write I2C Address:%d stepsMSB:%d stepsLSB:%d activity:%d"),
     _I2CAddress.toString(), stepsMSB, stepsLSB, activity);
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ void EXTurntable::_writeAnalogue(VPIN vpin, int value, uint8_t activity, uint16_
 
 // Display Turnetable-EX device driver info.
 void EXTurntable::_display() {
-  DIAG(F("EX-Turntable I2C:%s Configured on Vpins:%d-%d %S"), _I2CAddress.toString(), (int)_firstVpin, 
+  DIAG(F("EX-Turntable I2C:%s Configured on Vpins:%u-%u %S"), _I2CAddress.toString(), (int)_firstVpin, 
     (int)_firstVpin+_nPins-1, (_deviceState==DEVSTATE_FAILED) ? F("OFFLINE") : F(""));
 }
 

IO_ExampleSerial.h

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ protected:
   void _write(VPIN vpin, int value) {
     int pin = vpin -_firstVpin;
     #ifdef DIAG_IO
-    DIAG(F("IO_ExampleSerial::_write Pin:%d Value:%d"), (int)vpin, value);
+    DIAG(F("IO_ExampleSerial::_write VPIN:%u Value:%d"), (int)vpin, value);
     #endif
     // Send a command string over the serial line
     _serial->print('#');
@@ -153,10 +153,10 @@ protected:
   // Display information about the device, and perhaps its current condition (e.g. active, disabled etc).
   // Here we display the current values held for the pins.
   void _display() {
-    DIAG(F("IO_ExampleSerial Configured on VPins:%d-%d"), (int)_firstVpin, 
+    DIAG(F("IO_ExampleSerial Configured on Vpins:%u-%u"), (int)_firstVpin, 
       (int)_firstVpin+_nPins-1);
     for (int i=0; i<_nPins; i++)
-      DIAG(F("  VPin %2d: %d"), _firstVpin+i, _pinValues[i]);
+      DIAG(F("  VPin %2u: %d"), _firstVpin+i, _pinValues[i]);
   }
 
 

IO_GPIOBase.h

@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ void GPIOBase<T>::_loop(unsigned long currentMicros) {
 
 template <class T>
 void GPIOBase<T>::_display() {
-  DIAG(F("%S I2C:%s Configured on Vpins:%d-%d %S"), _deviceName, _I2CAddress.toString(), 
+  DIAG(F("%S I2C:%s Configured on Vpins:%u-%u %S"), _deviceName, _I2CAddress.toString(), 
     _firstVpin, _firstVpin+_nPins-1, (_deviceState==DEVSTATE_FAILED) ? F("OFFLINE") : F(""));
 }
 

IO_HCSR04.h

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
  *
  * This driver polls the HC-SR04 by sending the trigger pulse and then measuring
  * the length of the received pulse.  If the calculated distance is less than
- * the threshold, the output state returned by a read() call changes to 1.  If
+ * the threshold, the output _state returned by a read() call changes to 1.  If
  * the distance is greater than the threshold plus a hysteresis margin, the
  * output changes to 0. The device also supports readAnalogue(), which returns
  * the measured distance in cm, or 32767 if the distance exceeds the
@@ -48,6 +48,20 @@
  * Note: The timing accuracy required for measuring the pulse length means that
  * the pins have to be direct Arduino pins; GPIO pins on an IO Extender cannot
  * provide the required accuracy.
+ * 
+ * Example configuration:
+ *  HCSR04::create(23000, 32, 33, 80, 85);
+ * 
+ * Where 23000 is the VPIN allocated,
+ *       32 is the pin connected to the HCSR04 trigger terminal,
+ *       33 is the pin connected to the HCSR04 echo terminal,
+ *       80 is the distance in cm below which pin 23000 will be active,
+ *   and 85 is the distance in cm above which pin 23000 will be inactive.
+ * 
+ * Alternative configuration, which hogs the processor until the measurement is complete
+ * (old behaviour, more accurate but higher impact on other CS tasks):
+ *  HCSR04::create(23000, 32, 33, 80, 85, HCSR04::LOOP);
+ * 
  */
 
 #ifndef IO_HCSR04_H
@@ -61,38 +75,52 @@ private:
   // pins must be arduino GPIO pins, not extender pins or HAL pins.
   int _trigPin = -1;
   int _echoPin = -1;
-  // Thresholds for setting active state in cm.
+  // Thresholds for setting active _state in cm.
   uint8_t _onThreshold;  // cm
   uint8_t _offThreshold; // cm
   // Last measured distance in cm.
   uint16_t _distance;
-  // Active=1/inactive=0 state 
+  // Active=1/inactive=0 _state 
   uint8_t _value = 0;
-  // Factor for calculating the distance (cm) from echo time (ms).
+  // Factor for calculating the distance (cm) from echo time (us).
   //  Based on a speed of sound of 345 metres/second.
-  const uint16_t factor = 58; // ms/cm
+  const uint16_t factor = 58; // us/cm
+  // Limit the time spent looping by dropping out when the expected
+  // worst case threshold value is greater than an arbitrary value.
+  const uint16_t maxPermittedLoopTime = 10 * factor; // max in us
+  unsigned long _startTime = 0;
+  unsigned long _maxTime = 0;
+  enum {DORMANT, MEASURING}; // _state values
+  uint8_t _state = DORMANT;
+  uint8_t _counter = 0;
+  uint16_t _options = 0;
 
 public:
+  enum Options {
+    LOOP = 1,  // Option HCSR04::LOOP reinstates old behaviour, i.e. complete measurement in one loop entry.
+  };
  
   // Static create function provides alternative way to create object
-  static void create(VPIN vpin, int trigPin, int echoPin, uint16_t onThreshold, uint16_t offThreshold) {
+  static void create(VPIN vpin, int trigPin, int echoPin, uint16_t onThreshold, uint16_t offThreshold, uint16_t options = 0) {
     if (checkNoOverlap(vpin))
-        new HCSR04(vpin, trigPin, echoPin, onThreshold, offThreshold);
+        new HCSR04(vpin, trigPin, echoPin, onThreshold, offThreshold, options);
   }
 
 protected:
-  // Constructor perfroms static initialisation of the device object
-  HCSR04 (VPIN vpin, int trigPin, int echoPin, uint16_t onThreshold, uint16_t offThreshold) {
+  // Constructor performs static initialisation of the device object
+  HCSR04 (VPIN vpin, int trigPin, int echoPin, uint16_t onThreshold, uint16_t offThreshold, uint16_t options) {
     _firstVpin = vpin;
     _nPins = 1;
     _trigPin = trigPin;
     _echoPin = echoPin;
     _onThreshold = onThreshold;
     _offThreshold = offThreshold;
+    _options = options;
     addDevice(this);
   }
  // _begin function called to perform dynamic initialisation of the device
   void _begin() override {
+    _state = 0;
     pinMode(_trigPin, OUTPUT);
     pinMode(_echoPin, INPUT);
     ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_trigPin, 0);
@@ -112,78 +140,104 @@ protected:
     return _distance;
   }
 
-  // _loop function - read HC-SR04 once every 50 milliseconds.
+  // _loop function - read HC-SR04 once every 100 milliseconds.
   void _loop(unsigned long currentMicros) override {
-    read_HCSR04device();
-    // Delay next loop entry until 50ms have elapsed.
-    delayUntil(currentMicros + 50000UL);
+    unsigned long waitTime;
+    switch(_state) {
+      case DORMANT: // Issue pulse
+        // If receive pin is still set on from previous call, do nothing till next entry.
+        if (ArduinoPins::fastReadDigital(_echoPin)) return;
+
+        // Send 10us pulse to trigger transmitter
+        ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_trigPin, 1);
+        delayMicroseconds(10);
+        ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_trigPin, 0);
+
+        // Wait, with timeout, for echo pin to become set.
+        // Measured time delay is just under 500us, so 
+        // wait for max of 1000us.
+        _startTime = micros();
+        _maxTime = 1000;
+
+        while (!ArduinoPins::fastReadDigital(_echoPin)) {
+          // Not set yet, see if we've timed out.
+          waitTime = micros() - _startTime;
+          if (waitTime > _maxTime) {
+            // Timeout waiting for pulse start, abort the read and start again
+            _state = DORMANT;
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Echo pulse started, so wait for echo pin to reset, and measure length of pulse
+        _startTime = micros();
+        _maxTime = factor * _offThreshold;
+        _state = MEASURING;
+        // If maximum measurement time is high, then skip until next loop entry before 
+        // starting to look for pulse end.
+        // This gives better accuracy at shorter distance thresholds but without extending 
+        // loop execution time for longer thresholds.  If LOOP option is set on, then
+        // the entire measurement will be done in one loop entry, i.e. the code will fall
+        // through into the measuring phase.
+        if (!(_options & LOOP) && _maxTime > maxPermittedLoopTime) break;
+        /* fallthrough */
+
+      case MEASURING: // Check if echo pulse has finished
+        do {
+          waitTime = micros() - _startTime;
+          if (!ArduinoPins::fastReadDigital(_echoPin)) {
+            // Echo pulse completed; check if pulse length is below threshold and if so set value.
+            if (waitTime <= factor * _onThreshold) {
+              // Measured time is within the onThreshold, so value is one.
+              _value = 1;
+              // If the new distance value is less than the current, use it immediately.
+              // But if the new distance value is longer, then it may be erroneously long
+              // (because of extended loop times delays), so apply a delay to distance increases.
+              uint16_t estimatedDistance = waitTime / factor;
+              if (estimatedDistance < _distance) 
+                _distance = estimatedDistance;
+              else
+                _distance += 1;  // Just increase distance slowly.
+              _counter = 0;
+              //DIAG(F("HCSR04: Pulse Len=%l Distance=%d"), waitTime, _distance);
+            }
+            _state = DORMANT;
+          } else {
+            // Echo pulse hasn't finished, so check if maximum time has elapsed
+            // If pulse is too long then set return value to zero,
+            //  and finish without waiting for end of pulse.
+            if (waitTime > _maxTime) {
+              // Pulse length longer than maxTime, value is provisionally zero.
+              // But don't change _value unless provisional value is zero for 10 consecutive measurements
+              if (_value == 1) {
+                if (++_counter >= 10) {
+                  _value = 0;
+                  _distance = 32767;
+                  _counter = 0;
+                }
+              }
+              _state = DORMANT; // start again
+            }
+          }
+          // If there's lots of time remaining before the expected completion time,
+          // then exit and wait for next loop entry.  Otherwise, loop until we finish.
+          // If option LOOP is set, then we loop until finished anyway.
+          uint32_t remainingTime = _maxTime - waitTime;
+          if (!(_options & LOOP) && remainingTime < maxPermittedLoopTime) return;
+        } while (_state == MEASURING) ;
+        break;
+    }
+    // Datasheet recommends a wait of at least 60ms between measurement cycles
+    if (_state == DORMANT)
+      delayUntil(currentMicros+60000UL); // wait 60ms till next measurement
+
   }
 
   void _display() override {
-    DIAG(F("HCSR04 Configured on Vpin:%d TrigPin:%d EchoPin:%d On:%dcm Off:%dcm"),
+    DIAG(F("HCSR04 Configured on VPIN:%u TrigPin:%d EchoPin:%d On:%dcm Off:%dcm"),
       _firstVpin, _trigPin, _echoPin, _onThreshold, _offThreshold);
   }
 
-private:
-  // This polls the HC-SR04 device by sending a pulse and measuring the duration of
-  //  the pulse observed on the receive pin.  In order to be kind to the rest of the CS
-  //  software, no interrupts are used and interrupts are not disabled.  The pulse duration
-  //  is measured in a loop, using the micros() function.  Therefore, interrupts from other
-  //  sources may affect the result.  However, interrupts response code in CS typically takes
-  //  much less than the 58us frequency for the DCC interrupt, and 58us corresponds to only 1cm
-  //  in the HC-SR04.
-  //  To reduce chatter on the output, hysteresis is applied on reset: the output is set to 1 when the 
-  //  measured distance is less than the onThreshold, and is set to 0 if the measured distance is
-  //  greater than the offThreshold.
-  //
-  void read_HCSR04device() {
-    // uint16 enough to time up to 65ms
-    uint16_t startTime, waitTime = 0, currentTime, maxTime;  
-
-    // If receive pin is still set on from previous call, abort the read.
-    if (ArduinoPins::fastReadDigital(_echoPin))
-      return;
-
-    // Send 10us pulse to trigger transmitter
-    ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_trigPin, 1);
-    delayMicroseconds(10);
-    ArduinoPins::fastWriteDigital(_trigPin, 0);
-
-    // Wait for receive pin to be set
-    startTime = currentTime = micros();
-    maxTime = factor * _offThreshold * 2;
-    while (!ArduinoPins::fastReadDigital(_echoPin)) {
-      // lastTime = currentTime;
-      currentTime = micros();
-      waitTime = currentTime - startTime;
-      if (waitTime > maxTime) {
-        // Timeout waiting for pulse start, abort the read
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Wait for receive pin to reset, and measure length of pulse
-    startTime = currentTime = micros();
-    maxTime = factor * _offThreshold;
-    while (ArduinoPins::fastReadDigital(_echoPin)) {
-      currentTime = micros();
-      waitTime = currentTime - startTime;
-      // If pulse is too long then set return value to zero,
-      //  and finish without waiting for end of pulse.
-      if (waitTime > maxTime) {
-        // Pulse length longer than maxTime, reset value.
-        _value = 0;
-        _distance = 32767;
-        return;
-      }
-    } 
-    // Check if pulse length is below threshold, if so set value.
-    //DIAG(F("HCSR04: Pulse Len=%l Distance=%d"), waitTime, distance);
-    _distance = waitTime / factor; // in centimetres
-    if (_distance < _onThreshold) 
-      _value = 1;
-  }
-
 };
 
 #endif //IO_HCSR04_H

IO_PCA9685.cpp

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ bool PCA9685::_configure(VPIN vpin, ConfigTypeEnum configType, int paramCount, i
   if (configType != CONFIGURE_SERVO) return false;
   if (paramCount != 5) return false;
   #ifdef DIAG_IO
-  DIAG(F("PCA9685 Configure VPIN:%d Apos:%d Ipos:%d Profile:%d Duration:%d state:%d"), 
+  DIAG(F("PCA9685 Configure VPIN:%u Apos:%d Ipos:%d Profile:%d Duration:%d state:%d"), 
     vpin, params[0], params[1], params[2], params[3], params[4]);
   #endif
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ void PCA9685::_begin() {
 // For this function, the configured profile is used.
 void PCA9685::_write(VPIN vpin, int value) {
   #ifdef DIAG_IO
-  DIAG(F("PCA9685 Write Vpin:%d Value:%d"), vpin, value);
+  DIAG(F("PCA9685 Write VPIN:%u Value:%d"), vpin, value);
   #endif
   int pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
   if (value) value = 1;
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ void PCA9685::_write(VPIN vpin, int value) {
 //            
 void PCA9685::_writeAnalogue(VPIN vpin, int value, uint8_t profile, uint16_t duration) {
   #ifdef DIAG_IO
-  DIAG(F("PCA9685 WriteAnalogue Vpin:%d Value:%d Profile:%d Duration:%d %S"), 
+  DIAG(F("PCA9685 WriteAnalogue VPIN:%u Value:%d Profile:%d Duration:%d %S"), 
     vpin, value, profile, duration, _deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED?F("DEVSTATE_FAILED"):F(""));
   #endif
   if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return;
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ void PCA9685::writeDevice(uint8_t pin, int value) {
 
 // Display details of this device.
 void PCA9685::_display() {
-  DIAG(F("PCA9685 I2C:%s Configured on Vpins:%d-%d %S"), _I2CAddress.toString(), (int)_firstVpin, 
+  DIAG(F("PCA9685 I2C:%s Configured on Vpins:%u-%u %S"), _I2CAddress.toString(), (int)_firstVpin, 
     (int)_firstVpin+_nPins-1, (_deviceState==DEVSTATE_FAILED) ? F("OFFLINE") : F(""));
 }
 

IO_PCA9685pwm.h

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ private:
   void _writeAnalogue(VPIN vpin, int value, uint8_t param1, uint16_t param2) override {
     (void)param1; (void)param2;  // suppress compiler warning
     #ifdef DIAG_IO
-    DIAG(F("PCA9685pwm WriteAnalogue Vpin:%d Value:%d %S"), 
+    DIAG(F("PCA9685pwm WriteAnalogue VPIN:%u Value:%d %S"), 
       vpin, value, _deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED?F("DEVSTATE_FAILED"):F(""));
     #endif
     if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return;
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ private:
 
   // Display details of this device.
   void _display() override {
-    DIAG(F("PCA9685pwm I2C:%s Configured on Vpins:%d-%d %S"), _I2CAddress.toString(), (int)_firstVpin, 
+    DIAG(F("PCA9685pwm I2C:%s Configured on Vpins:%u-%u %S"), _I2CAddress.toString(), (int)_firstVpin, 
       (int)_firstVpin+_nPins-1, (_deviceState==DEVSTATE_FAILED) ? F("OFFLINE") : F(""));
   }
 

IO_RotaryEncoder.h

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 /*
+ *  © 2023, Peter Cole. All rights reserved.
  *  © 2022, Peter Cole. All rights reserved.
  *
  *  This file is part of EX-CommandStation
@@ -28,9 +29,23 @@
 * ONCHANGE(vpin) - flag when the rotary encoder position has changed from the previous position
 * IFRE(vpin, position) - test to see if specified rotary encoder position has been received
 *
-* Further to this, feedback can be sent to the rotary encoder by using 2 Vpins, and sending a SET()/RESET() to the second Vpin.
+* Feedback can also be sent to the rotary encoder by using 2 Vpins, and sending a SET()/RESET() to the second Vpin.
 * A SET(vpin) will flag that a turntable (or anything else) is in motion, and a RESET(vpin) that the motion has finished.
 *
+* In addition, defining a third Vpin will allow a position number to be sent so that when an EXRAIL automation or some other
+* activity has moved a turntable, the position can be reflected in the rotary encoder software. This can be accomplished
+* using the EXRAIL SERVO(vpin, position, profile) command, where:
+* - vpin = the third defined Vpin (any other is ignored)
+* - position = the defined position in the DCC-EX Rotary Encoder software, 0 (Home) to 255
+* - profile = Must be defined as per the SERVO() command, but is ignored as it has no relevance
+*
+* Defining in myAutomation.h requires the device driver to be included in addition to the HAL() statement. Examples:
+*
+* #include "IO_RotaryEncoder.h"
+* HAL(RotaryEncoder, 700, 1, 0x70)    // Define single Vpin, no feedback or position sent to rotary encoder software
+* HAL(RotaryEncoder, 700, 2, 0x70)    // Define two Vpins, feedback only sent to rotary encoder software
+* HAL(RotaryEncoder, 700, 3, 0x70)    // Define three Vpins, can send feedback and position update to rotary encoder software
+*
 * Refer to the documentation for further information including the valid activities and examples.
 */
 
@@ -44,50 +59,79 @@
 
 class RotaryEncoder : public IODevice {
 public:
-  // Constructor
-  RotaryEncoder(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, I2CAddress i2cAddress){
-    _firstVpin = firstVpin;
-    _nPins = nPins;
-    _I2CAddress = i2cAddress;
-    addDevice(this);
-  }
+  
   static void create(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, I2CAddress i2cAddress) {
     if (checkNoOverlap(firstVpin, nPins, i2cAddress)) new RotaryEncoder(firstVpin, nPins, i2cAddress);
   }
 
 private:
+  // Constructor
+  RotaryEncoder(VPIN firstVpin, int nPins, I2CAddress i2cAddress){
+    _firstVpin = firstVpin;
+    _nPins = nPins;
+    if (_nPins > 3) {
+      _nPins = 3;
+      DIAG(F("RotaryEncoder WARNING:%d vpins defined, only 3 supported"), _nPins);
+    }
+    _I2CAddress = i2cAddress;
+    addDevice(this);
+  }
+
   // Initiate the device
   void _begin() {
+    uint8_t _status;
+    // Attempt to initilalise device
     I2CManager.begin();
     if (I2CManager.exists(_I2CAddress)) {
-      byte _getVersion[1] = {RE_VER};
-      I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, _versionBuffer, 3, _getVersion, 1);
-      _majorVer = _versionBuffer[0];
-      _minorVer = _versionBuffer[1];
-      _patchVer = _versionBuffer[2];
-      _buffer[0] = RE_OP;
-      I2CManager.write(_I2CAddress, _buffer, 1);
+      // Send RE_RDY, must receive RE_RDY to be online
+      _sendBuffer[0] = RE_RDY;
+      _status = I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, _rcvBuffer, 1, _sendBuffer, 1);
+      if (_status == I2C_STATUS_OK) {
+        if (_rcvBuffer[0] == RE_RDY) {
+          _sendBuffer[0] = RE_VER;
+          if (I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, _versionBuffer, 3, _sendBuffer, 1) == I2C_STATUS_OK) {
+            _majorVer = _versionBuffer[0];
+            _minorVer = _versionBuffer[1];
+            _patchVer = _versionBuffer[2];
+          }
+        } else {
+          DIAG(F("RotaryEncoder I2C:%s garbage received: %d"), _I2CAddress.toString(), _rcvBuffer[0]);
+          _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
+          return;
+        }
+      } else {
+        DIAG(F("RotaryEncoder I2C:%s ERROR connecting"), _I2CAddress.toString());
+        _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
+        return;
+      }
 #ifdef DIAG_IO
       _display();
 #endif
     } else {
-        _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
+      DIAG(F("RotaryEncoder I2C:%s device not found"), _I2CAddress.toString());
+      _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
     }
   }
 
   void _loop(unsigned long currentMicros) override {
-    I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, _buffer, 1);
-    _position = _buffer[0];
-    // This here needs to have a change check, ie. position is a different value.
-  #if defined(EXRAIL_ACTIVE)
+    if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return;  // Return if device has failed
+    if (_i2crb.isBusy()) return;                  // Return if I2C operation still in progress
+
+    if (currentMicros - _lastPositionRead > _positionRefresh) {
+      _lastPositionRead = currentMicros;
+      _sendBuffer[0] = RE_READ;
+      I2CManager.read(_I2CAddress, _rcvBuffer, 1, _sendBuffer, 1, &_i2crb); // Read position from encoder
+      _position = _rcvBuffer[0];
+      // If EXRAIL is active, we need to trigger the ONCHANGE() event handler if it's in use
+#if defined(EXRAIL_ACTIVE)
       if (_position != _previousPosition) {
         _previousPosition = _position;
-        RMFT2::changeEvent(_firstVpin,1);
+        RMFT2::changeEvent(_firstVpin, 1);
       } else {
-        RMFT2::changeEvent(_firstVpin,0);
+        RMFT2::changeEvent(_firstVpin, 0);
       }
-  #endif
-    delayUntil(currentMicros + 100000);
+#endif
+    }
   }
 
   // Device specific read function
@@ -98,27 +142,45 @@ private:
 
   void _write(VPIN vpin, int value) override {
     if (vpin == _firstVpin + 1) {
-      byte _feedbackBuffer[2] = {RE_OP, value};
+      if (value != 0) value = 0x01;
+      byte _feedbackBuffer[2] = {RE_OP, (byte)value};
       I2CManager.write(_I2CAddress, _feedbackBuffer, 2);
     }
   }
+
+  void _writeAnalogue(VPIN vpin, int position, uint8_t profile, uint16_t duration) override {
+    if (vpin == _firstVpin + 2) {
+      if (position >= 0 && position <= 255) {
+        byte newPosition = position & 0xFF;
+        byte _positionBuffer[2] = {RE_MOVE, newPosition};
+        I2CManager.write(_I2CAddress, _positionBuffer, 2);
+      }
+    }
+  }
   
   void _display() override {
-    DIAG(F("Rotary Encoder I2C:%s v%d.%d.%d Configured on Vpin:%d-%d %S"), _I2CAddress.toString(), _majorVer, _minorVer, _patchVer,
+    DIAG(F("Rotary Encoder I2C:%s v%d.%d.%d Configured on VPIN:%u-%d %S"), _I2CAddress.toString(), _majorVer, _minorVer, _patchVer,
       (int)_firstVpin, _firstVpin+_nPins-1, (_deviceState==DEVSTATE_FAILED) ? F("OFFLINE") : F(""));
   }
 
   int8_t _position;
   int8_t _previousPosition = 0;
   uint8_t _versionBuffer[3];
-  uint8_t _buffer[1];
+  uint8_t _sendBuffer[1];
+  uint8_t _rcvBuffer[1];
   uint8_t _majorVer = 0;
   uint8_t _minorVer = 0;
   uint8_t _patchVer = 0;
+  I2CRB _i2crb;
+  unsigned long _lastPositionRead = 0;
+  const unsigned long _positionRefresh = 100000UL;    // Delay refreshing position for 100ms
 
   enum {
-    RE_VER = 0xA0,   // Flag to retrieve rotary encoder version from the device
-    RE_OP = 0xA1,    // Flag for normal operation
+    RE_RDY = 0xA0,   // Flag to check if encoder is ready for operation
+    RE_VER = 0xA1,   // Flag to retrieve rotary encoder software version
+    RE_READ = 0xA2,  // Flag to read the current position of the encoder
+    RE_OP = 0xA3,    // Flag for operation start/end, sent to when sending feedback on move start/end
+    RE_MOVE = 0xA4,  // Flag for sending a position update from the device driver to the encoder
   };
 
 };

IO_Servo.h

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ private:
     if (configType != CONFIGURE_SERVO) return false;
     if (paramCount != 5) return false;
     #ifdef DIAG_IO
-    DIAG(F("Servo: Configure VPIN:%d Apos:%d Ipos:%d Profile:%d Duration:%d state:%d"), 
+    DIAG(F("Servo: Configure VPIN:%u Apos:%d Ipos:%d Profile:%d Duration:%d state:%d"), 
       vpin, params[0], params[1], params[2], params[3], params[4]);
     #endif
 
@@ -140,12 +140,12 @@ private:
     // Get reference to slave device.
     _slaveDevice = findDevice(_firstSlavePin);
     if (!_slaveDevice) {
-      DIAG(F("Servo: Slave device not found on pins %d-%d"), 
+      DIAG(F("Servo: Slave device not found on Vpins %u-%u"), 
         _firstSlavePin, _firstSlavePin+_nPins-1);
       _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
     }      
     if (_slaveDevice != findDevice(_firstSlavePin+_nPins-1)) {
-      DIAG(F("Servo: Slave device does not cover all pins %d-%d"), 
+      DIAG(F("Servo: Slave device does not cover all Vpins %u-%u"), 
         _firstSlavePin, _firstSlavePin+_nPins-1);
       _deviceState = DEVSTATE_FAILED;
     }
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ private:
   void _write(VPIN vpin, int value) override {
     if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return;
     #ifdef DIAG_IO
-    DIAG(F("Servo Write Vpin:%d Value:%d"), vpin, value);
+    DIAG(F("Servo Write VPIN:%u Value:%d"), vpin, value);
     #endif
     int pin = vpin - _firstVpin;
     if (value) value = 1;
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ private:
   //            
   void _writeAnalogue(VPIN vpin, int value, uint8_t profile, uint16_t duration) override {
     #ifdef DIAG_IO
-    DIAG(F("Servo: WriteAnalogue Vpin:%d Value:%d Profile:%d Duration:%d %S"), 
+    DIAG(F("Servo: WriteAnalogue VPIN:%u Value:%d Profile:%d Duration:%d %S"), 
       vpin, value, profile, duration, _deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED?F("DEVSTATE_FAILED"):F(""));
     #endif
     if (_deviceState == DEVSTATE_FAILED) return;
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ private:
 
   // Display details of this device.
   void _display() override {
-    DIAG(F("Servo Configured on Vpins:%d-%d, slave pins:%d-%d %S"),
+    DIAG(F("Servo Configured on Vpins:%u-%u, slave pins:%d-%d %S"),
       (int)_firstVpin, (int)_firstVpin+_nPins-1,
       (int)_firstSlavePin, (int)_firstSlavePin+_nPins-1,
       (_deviceState==DEVSTATE_FAILED) ? F("OFFLINE") : F(""));

IO_TouchKeypad.h

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ protected:
 
   // Display information about the device, and perhaps its current condition (e.g. active, disabled etc).
   void _display() {
-    DIAG(F("TouchKeypad Configured on VPins:%d-%d SCL=%d SDO=%d"), (int)_firstVpin, 
+    DIAG(F("TouchKeypad Configured on Vpins:%u-%u SCL=%d SDO=%d"), (int)_firstVpin, 
       (int)_firstVpin+_nPins-1, _clockPin, _dataPin);
   }
 

IO_VL53L0X.h

@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ protected:
   }
 
   void _display() override {
-    DIAG(F("VL53L0X I2C:%s Configured on Vpins:%d-%d On:%dmm Off:%dmm %S"),
+    DIAG(F("VL53L0X I2C:%s Configured on Vpins:%u-%u On:%dmm Off:%dmm %S"),
       _I2CAddress.toString(), _firstVpin, _firstVpin+_nPins-1, _onThreshold, _offThreshold,
       (_deviceState==DEVSTATE_FAILED) ? F("OFFLINE") : F(""));
   }

IO_duinoNodes.h

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ public:
     pinMode(_clockPin,OUTPUT);
     pinMode(_dataPin,_pinMap?INPUT_PULLUP:OUTPUT);
     _display();
+    if (!_pinMap) _loopOutput();
   }
 
 // loop called by HAL supervisor 
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ void _loopOutput()  {
   }
 
   void _display() override {
-      DIAG(F("IO_duinoNodes %SPUT Configured on VPins:%d-%d shift=%d"), 
+      DIAG(F("IO_duinoNodes %SPUT Configured on Vpins:%u-%u shift=%d"), 
       _pinMap?F("IN"):F("OUT"),
       (int)_firstVpin, 
       (int)_firstVpin+_nPins-1, _nShiftBytes*8);

MotorDriver.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /*
- *  © 2022 Paul M Antoine
+ *  © 2022-2023 Paul M Antoine
  *  © 2021 Mike S
  *  © 2021 Fred Decker
- *  © 2020-2022 Harald Barth
+ *  © 2020-2023 Harald Barth
  *  © 2020-2021 Chris Harlow
  *  All rights reserved.
  *  
@@ -27,19 +27,16 @@
 #include "DCCTimer.h"
 #include "DIAG.h"
 
-#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32)
-#include "ESP32-fixes.h"
-#endif
-
-bool MotorDriver::commonFaultPin=false;
+unsigned long MotorDriver::globalOverloadStart = 0;
 
 volatile portreg_t shadowPORTA;
 volatile portreg_t shadowPORTB;
 volatile portreg_t shadowPORTC;
 
-MotorDriver::MotorDriver(int16_t power_pin, byte signal_pin, byte signal_pin2, int8_t brake_pin,
-                         byte current_pin, float sense_factor, unsigned int trip_milliamps, byte fault_pin) {
-  powerPin=power_pin;
+MotorDriver::MotorDriver(int16_t power_pin, byte signal_pin, byte signal_pin2, int16_t brake_pin,
+                         byte current_pin, float sense_factor, unsigned int trip_milliamps, int16_t fault_pin) {
+  const FSH * warnString = F("** WARNING **");
+
   invertPower=power_pin < 0;
   if (invertPower) {
     powerPin = 0-power_pin;
@@ -95,25 +92,43 @@ MotorDriver::MotorDriver(int16_t power_pin, byte signal_pin, byte signal_pin2, i
   }
   else dualSignal=false; 
   
-  brakePin=brake_pin;
   if (brake_pin!=UNUSED_PIN){
     invertBrake=brake_pin < 0;
-    brakePin=invertBrake ? 0-brake_pin : brake_pin;
+    if (invertBrake)
+      brake_pin = 0-brake_pin;
+    if (brake_pin > MAX_PIN)
+      DIAG(F("%S Brake pin %d > %d"), warnString, brake_pin, MAX_PIN);
+    brakePin=(byte)brake_pin;
     getFastPin(F("BRAKE"),brakePin,fastBrakePin);
     // if brake is used for railcom  cutout we need to do PORTX register trick here as well
     pinMode(brakePin, OUTPUT);
     setBrake(true);  // start with brake on in case we hace DC stuff going on
+  } else {
+    brakePin=UNUSED_PIN;
   }
-  else brakePin=UNUSED_PIN;
   
   currentPin=current_pin;
-  if (currentPin!=UNUSED_PIN) ADCee::init(currentPin);
+  if (currentPin!=UNUSED_PIN) {
+    int ret = ADCee::init(currentPin);
+    if (ret < -1010) { // XXX give value a name later
+      DIAG(F("ADCee::init error %d, disable current pin %d"), ret, currentPin);
+      currentPin = UNUSED_PIN;
+    }
+  }
   senseOffset=0; // value can not be obtained until waveform is activated
 
-  faultPin=fault_pin;
-  if (faultPin != UNUSED_PIN) {
+  if (fault_pin != UNUSED_PIN) {
+    invertFault=fault_pin < 0;
+    if (invertFault)
+      fault_pin =  0-fault_pin;
+    if (fault_pin > MAX_PIN)
+      DIAG(F("%S Fault pin %d > %d"), warnString, fault_pin, MAX_PIN);
+    faultPin=(byte)fault_pin;
+    DIAG(F("Fault pin = %d invert %d"), faultPin, invertFault);
     getFastPin(F("FAULT"),faultPin, 1 /*input*/, fastFaultPin);
     pinMode(faultPin, INPUT);
+  } else {
+      faultPin=UNUSED_PIN;
   }
 
   // This conversion performed at compile time so the remainder of the code never needs
@@ -135,21 +150,16 @@ MotorDriver::MotorDriver(int16_t power_pin, byte signal_pin, byte signal_pin2, i
   }
 
   if (currentPin==UNUSED_PIN) 
-    DIAG(F("** WARNING ** No current or short detection"));
+    DIAG(F("%S No current or short detection"), warnString);
   else  {
-    DIAG(F("CurrentPin=A%d, TripValue=%d"),
-    currentPin-A0, rawCurrentTripValue);
+    DIAG(F("Pin %d Max %dmA (%d)"), currentPin, raw2mA(rawCurrentTripValue), rawCurrentTripValue);
 
     // self testing diagnostic for the non-float converters... may be removed when happy
     //  DIAG(F("senseFactorInternal=%d raw2mA(1000)=%d mA2Raw(1000)=%d"),
     //   senseFactorInternal, raw2mA(1000),mA2raw(1000));
   }
 
-  // prepare values for current detection
-  sampleDelay = 0;
-  lastSampleTaken = millis();
   progTripValue = mA2raw(TRIP_CURRENT_PROG); 
-
 }
 
 bool MotorDriver::isPWMCapable() {
@@ -158,12 +168,13 @@ bool MotorDriver::isPWMCapable() {
 
 
 void MotorDriver::setPower(POWERMODE mode) {
+  if (powerMode == mode) return;
   bool on=mode==POWERMODE::ON;
   if (on) {
     // when switching a track On, we need to check the crrentOffset with the pin OFF
     if (powerMode==POWERMODE::OFF && currentPin!=UNUSED_PIN) {
         senseOffset = ADCee::read(currentPin);
-        DIAG(F("CurrentPin A%d sensOffset=%d"),currentPin-A0,senseOffset);
+        DIAG(F("Track %c sensOffset=%d"),trackLetter,senseOffset);
     }
 
     IODevice::write(powerPin,invertPower ? LOW : HIGH);
@@ -211,12 +222,17 @@ int MotorDriver::getCurrentRaw(bool fromISR) {
   (void)fromISR;
   if (currentPin==UNUSED_PIN) return 0; 
   int current;
-  current = ADCee::read(currentPin, fromISR)-senseOffset;
+  current = ADCee::read(currentPin, fromISR);
+  // here one can diag raw value
+  // if (fromISR == false) DIAG(F("%c: %d"), trackLetter, current);
+  current = current-senseOffset;     // adjust with offset
   if (current<0) current=0-current;
-  if ((faultPin != UNUSED_PIN)  && isLOW(fastFaultPin) && powerMode==POWERMODE::ON)
+  // current >= 0 here, we use negative current as fault pin flag
+  if ((faultPin != UNUSED_PIN) && powerPin) {
+    if (invertFault ? isHIGH(fastFaultPin) : isLOW(fastFaultPin))
       return (current == 0 ? -1 : -current);
+  }
   return current;
-   
 }
 
 #ifdef ANALOG_READ_INTERRUPT
@@ -271,6 +287,7 @@ void MotorDriver::setDCSignal(byte speedcode) {
 #if defined(ARDUINO_AVR_MEGA) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560)
   TCCR2B = (TCCR2B & B11111000) | B00000110; // set divisor on timer 2 to result in (approx) 122.55Hz
   TCCR4B = (TCCR4B & B11111000) | B00000100; // same for timer 4 but maxcount and thus divisor differs
+  TCCR5B = (TCCR5B & B11111000) | B00000100; // same for timer 5 which is like timer 4
 #endif
   // spedcoode is a dcc speed & direction
   byte tSpeed=speedcode & 0x7F; // DCC Speed with 0,1 stop and speed steps 2 to 127
@@ -284,7 +301,7 @@ void MotorDriver::setDCSignal(byte speedcode) {
 	f = taurustones[ (tSpeed-2)/2 ] ;
       }
     }
-    DCCEXanalogWriteFrequency(brakePin, f); // set DC PWM frequency to 100Hz XXX May move to setup
+    DCCTimer::DCCEXanalogWriteFrequency(brakePin, f); // set DC PWM frequency to 100Hz XXX May move to setup
   }
 #endif
   if (tSpeed <= 1) brake = 255;
@@ -293,7 +310,7 @@ void MotorDriver::setDCSignal(byte speedcode) {
   if (invertBrake)
     brake=255-brake;
 #if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32)
-  DCCEXanalogWrite(brakePin,brake);
+  DCCTimer::DCCEXanalogWrite(brakePin,brake);
 #else
   analogWrite(brakePin,brake);
 #endif
@@ -352,63 +369,112 @@ void  MotorDriver::getFastPin(const FSH* type,int pin, bool input, FASTPIN & res
 }
 
 void MotorDriver::checkPowerOverload(bool useProgLimit, byte trackno) {
-  if (millis() - lastSampleTaken  < sampleDelay) return;
-  lastSampleTaken = millis();
   int tripValue= useProgLimit?progTripValue:getRawCurrentTripValue();
-  
-  // Trackname for diag messages later
+
   switch (powerMode) {
     case POWERMODE::OFF:
-      sampleDelay = POWER_SAMPLE_OFF_WAIT;
+      if (overloadNow) {
+	// reset overload condition as we have just turned off power
+	// DIAG(F("OVERLOAD POFF OFF"));
+	overloadNow=false;
+	setLastPowerChange();
+      }
+      if (microsSinceLastPowerChange() > POWER_SAMPLE_ALL_GOOD) {
+	power_sample_overload_wait = POWER_SAMPLE_OVERLOAD_WAIT;
+      }
       break;
     case POWERMODE::ON:
       // Check current
       lastCurrent=getCurrentRaw();
       if (lastCurrent < 0) {
-	  // We have a fault pin condition to take care of
-	  lastCurrent = -lastCurrent;
-	  setPower(POWERMODE::OVERLOAD); // Turn off, decide later how fast to turn on again
-	  if (commonFaultPin) {
-	      if (lastCurrent < tripValue) {
-		      setPower(POWERMODE::ON); // maybe other track
-	      }
-	      // Write this after the fact as we want to turn on as fast as possible
-	      // because we don't know which output actually triggered the fault pin
-	      DIAG(F("COMMON FAULT PIN ACTIVE: POWERTOGGLE TRACK %c"), trackno + 'A');
+	// We have a fault pin condition to take care of
+	if (!overloadNow) {
+	  // turn on overload condition as fault pin has gone active
+	  // DIAG(F("OVERLOAD FPIN ON"));
+	  overloadNow=true;
+	  setLastPowerChangeOverload();
+	}
+	lastCurrent = -lastCurrent;
+	{
+	  if (lastCurrent < tripValue) {
+	    if (power_sample_overload_wait <= (POWER_SAMPLE_OVERLOAD_WAIT * 10) &&    // almost virgin
+		microsSinceLastPowerChange() < POWER_SAMPLE_IGNORE_FAULT_LOW) {
+	      // Ignore 50ms fault pin if no current
+	      DIAG(F("TRACK %c FAULT PIN (50ms ignore)"), trackno + 'A');
+	      break;
+	    }
+	    lastCurrent = tripValue; // exaggerate so condition below (*) is true
 	  } else {
-	    DIAG(F("TRACK %c FAULT PIN ACTIVE - OVERLOAD"), trackno + 'A');
-	      if (lastCurrent < tripValue) {
-		  lastCurrent = tripValue; // exaggerate
-	      }
+	    if (power_sample_overload_wait <= POWER_SAMPLE_OVERLOAD_WAIT &&   // virgin
+		microsSinceLastPowerChange() < POWER_SAMPLE_IGNORE_FAULT_HIGH) {
+              // Ignore 5ms fault pin if we see current
+	      DIAG(F("TRACK %c FAULT PIN (5ms ignore)"), trackno + 'A');
+	      break;
+	    }
 	  }
+	  DIAG(F("TRACK %c FAULT PIN"), trackno + 'A');
+	}
       }
-      if (lastCurrent < tripValue) {
-        sampleDelay = POWER_SAMPLE_ON_WAIT;
-	if(power_good_counter<100)
-	  power_good_counter++;
-	else
-	  if (power_sample_overload_wait>POWER_SAMPLE_OVERLOAD_WAIT) power_sample_overload_wait=POWER_SAMPLE_OVERLOAD_WAIT;
+      // // //
+      // above we looked at fault pin, below we look at current
+      // // //
+      if (lastCurrent < tripValue) { // see above (*)
+	if (overloadNow) {
+	  // current is below trip value, turn off overload condition
+	  // DIAG(F("OVERLOAD PON OFF"));
+	  overloadNow=false;
+	  setLastPowerChange();
+	}
+	if (microsSinceLastPowerChange() > POWER_SAMPLE_ALL_GOOD) {
+	  power_sample_overload_wait = POWER_SAMPLE_OVERLOAD_WAIT;
+	}
       } else {
-        setPower(POWERMODE::OVERLOAD);
-        unsigned int mA=raw2mA(lastCurrent);
-        unsigned int maxmA=raw2mA(tripValue);
-	      power_good_counter=0;
-        sampleDelay = power_sample_overload_wait;
-        DIAG(F("TRACK %c POWER OVERLOAD %dmA (limit %dmA) shutdown for %dms"), trackno + 'A', mA, maxmA, sampleDelay);
-	if (power_sample_overload_wait >= 10000)
-	    power_sample_overload_wait = 10000;
-	else
-	    power_sample_overload_wait *= 2;
+	// too much current
+	if (!overloadNow) {
+	  // current is over trip value, turn on overload condition
+	  // DIAG(F("OVERLOAD PON ON"));
+	  overloadNow=true;
+	  setLastPowerChange();
+	}
+	unsigned long uSecs = microsSinceLastPowerChange();
+	if (power_sample_overload_wait > POWER_SAMPLE_OVERLOAD_WAIT ||    // not virgin
+	    uSecs > POWER_SAMPLE_OFF_DELAY) {
+	  // Overload has existed longer than delay (typ. 10ms)
+	  setPower(POWERMODE::OVERLOAD);
+	  if (overloadNow) {
+	    // the setPower just turned off, so overload is now gone
+	    // DIAG(F("OVERLOAD PON OFF"));
+	    overloadNow=false;
+	    setLastPowerChangeOverload();
+	  }
+	  unsigned int mA=raw2mA(lastCurrent);
+	  unsigned int maxmA=raw2mA(tripValue);
+	  DIAG(F("TRACK %c POWER OVERLOAD %4dmA (max %4dmA) detected after %4M. Pause %4M"),
+	       trackno + 'A', mA, maxmA, uSecs, power_sample_overload_wait);
+	}
       }
       break;
-    case POWERMODE::OVERLOAD:
-      // Try setting it back on after the OVERLOAD_WAIT
+  case POWERMODE::OVERLOAD:
+  {
+    // Try setting it back on after the OVERLOAD_WAIT
+    unsigned long mslpc = (commonFaultPin ? (micros() - globalOverloadStart) : microsSinceLastPowerChange());
+    if (mslpc > power_sample_overload_wait) {
+      // adjust next wait time
+      power_sample_overload_wait *= 2;
+      if (power_sample_overload_wait > POWER_SAMPLE_RETRY_MAX)
+	power_sample_overload_wait = POWER_SAMPLE_RETRY_MAX;
+      // power on test
       setPower(POWERMODE::ON);
-      sampleDelay = POWER_SAMPLE_ON_WAIT;
-      // Debug code....
-      DIAG(F("TRACK %c POWER RESTORE (check %dms)"), trackno + 'A', sampleDelay);
-      break;
-    default:
-      sampleDelay = 999; // cant get here..meaningless statement to avoid compiler warning.
+      // here we change power but not the overloadNow as that was
+      // already changed to false when we entered POWERMODE::OVERLOAD
+      // so we need to set the lastPowerChange anyway.
+      overloadNow=false;
+      setLastPowerChange();
+      DIAG(F("TRACK %c POWER RESTORE (after %4M)"), trackno + 'A', mslpc);
+    }
+  }
+  break;
+  default:
+    break;
   }
 }

MotorDriver.h

@@ -74,8 +74,9 @@
 // Virtualised Motor shield 1-track hardware Interface
 
 #ifndef UNUSED_PIN     // sync define with the one in MotorDrivers.h
-#define UNUSED_PIN 127 // inside int8_t
+#define UNUSED_PIN 255 // inside uint8_t
 #endif
+#define MAX_PIN 254
 
 class pinpair {
 public:
@@ -111,8 +112,8 @@ enum class POWERMODE : byte { OFF, ON, OVERLOAD };
 class MotorDriver {
   public:
     
-    MotorDriver(int16_t power_pin, byte signal_pin, byte signal_pin2, int8_t brake_pin, 
-                byte current_pin, float senseFactor, unsigned int tripMilliamps, byte faultPin);
+    MotorDriver(int16_t power_pin, byte signal_pin, byte signal_pin2, int16_t brake_pin, 
+                byte current_pin, float senseFactor, unsigned int tripMilliamps, int16_t fault_pin);
     void setPower( POWERMODE mode);
     POWERMODE getPower() { return powerMode;}
     // as the port registers can be shadowed to get syncronized DCC signals
@@ -174,7 +175,10 @@ class MotorDriver {
     bool isPWMCapable();
     bool canMeasureCurrent();
     bool trackPWM = false; // this track uses PWM timer to generate the DCC waveform
-    static bool commonFaultPin; // This is a stupid motor shield which has only a common fault pin for both outputs
+    bool commonFaultPin = false; // This is a stupid motor shield which has only a common fault pin for both outputs
+    inline byte setCommonFaultPin() {
+      return commonFaultPin = true;
+    }
     inline byte getFaultPin() {
 	return faultPin;
     }
@@ -182,11 +186,36 @@ class MotorDriver {
       isProgTrack = on;
     }
     void checkPowerOverload(bool useProgLimit, byte trackno);
+    inline void setTrackLetter(char c) {
+      trackLetter = c;
+    };
+    // this returns how much time has passed since the last power change. If it
+    // was really long ago (approx > 52min) advance counter approx 35 min so that
+    // we are at 18 minutes again. Times for 32 bit unsigned long.
+    inline unsigned long microsSinceLastPowerChange() {
+      unsigned long now = micros();
+      unsigned long diff = now - lastPowerChange;
+      if (diff > (1UL << (7 *sizeof(unsigned long)))) // 2^(4*7)us = 268.4 seconds
+        lastPowerChange = now - 30000000UL;           // 30 seconds ago
+      return diff;
+    };
+    inline void setLastPowerChange() {
+      lastPowerChange = micros();
+    };
+    // as setLastPowerChange but sets the global timestamp as well which
+    // is only used to sync power restore in case of common Fault pin.
+    inline void setLastPowerChangeOverload() {
+      if (commonFaultPin)
+	globalOverloadStart = lastPowerChange = micros();
+      else
+	setLastPowerChange();
+    };
 #ifdef ANALOG_READ_INTERRUPT
     bool sampleCurrentFromHW();
     void startCurrentFromHW();
 #endif
   private:
+    char trackLetter = '?';
     bool isProgTrack = false; // tells us if this is a prog track
     void  getFastPin(const FSH* type,int pin, bool input, FASTPIN & result);
     void  getFastPin(const FSH* type,int pin, FASTPIN & result) {
@@ -198,6 +227,7 @@ class MotorDriver {
     bool dualSignal;       // true to use signalPin2
     bool invertBrake;       // brake pin passed as negative means pin is inverted
     bool invertPower;       // power pin passed as negative means pin is inverted
+    bool invertFault;       // fault pin passed as negative means pin is inverted
     
     // Raw to milliamp conversion factors avoiding float data types.
     // Milliamps=rawADCreading * sensefactorInternal / senseScale
@@ -211,8 +241,10 @@ class MotorDriver {
     int rawCurrentTripValue;
     // current sampling
     POWERMODE powerMode;
-    unsigned long lastSampleTaken;
-    unsigned int sampleDelay;
+    bool overloadNow = false;
+    unsigned long lastPowerChange;            // timestamp in microseconds
+    // used to sync restore time when common Fault pin detected
+    static unsigned long globalOverloadStart; // timestamp in microseconds
     int progTripValue;
     int  lastCurrent;
 #ifdef ANALOG_READ_INTERRUPT
@@ -222,10 +254,19 @@ class MotorDriver {
     int maxmA;
     int tripmA;
 
-    // Wait times for power management. Unit: milliseconds
-    static const int  POWER_SAMPLE_ON_WAIT = 100;
-    static const int  POWER_SAMPLE_OFF_WAIT = 1000;
-    static const int  POWER_SAMPLE_OVERLOAD_WAIT = 20;
+    // Times for overload management. Unit: microseconds.
+    // Base for wait time until power is turned on again
+    static const unsigned long POWER_SAMPLE_OVERLOAD_WAIT =       100UL;
+    // Time after we consider all faults old and forgotten
+    static const unsigned long POWER_SAMPLE_ALL_GOOD =        5000000UL;
+    // How long to ignore fault pin if current is under limit
+    static const unsigned long POWER_SAMPLE_IGNORE_FAULT_LOW =  50000UL;
+    // How long to ignore fault pin if current is higher than limit
+    static const unsigned long POWER_SAMPLE_IGNORE_FAULT_HIGH =  5000UL;
+    // How long to wait between overcurrent and turning off
+    static const unsigned long POWER_SAMPLE_OFF_DELAY =         10000UL;
+    // Upper limit for retry period
+    static const unsigned long POWER_SAMPLE_RETRY_MAX =      10000000UL;
     
     // Trip current for programming track, 250mA. Change only if you really
     // need to be non-NMRA-compliant because of decoders that are not either.

MotorDrivers.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
- *  © 2022 Paul M. Antoine
+ *  © 2022-2023 Paul M. Antoine
  *  © 2021 Fred Decker
- *  © 2020-2022 Harald Barth
+ *  © 2020-2023 Harald Barth
  *  (c) 2020 Chris Harlow. All rights reserved.
  *  (c) 2021 Fred Decker.  All rights reserved.
  *  (c) 2020 Harald Barth. All rights reserved.
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 // custom defines in config.h.
 
 #ifndef UNUSED_PIN     // sync define with the one in MotorDriver.h
-#define UNUSED_PIN 127 // inside int8_t
+#define UNUSED_PIN 255 // inside uint8_t
 #endif
 
 // The MotorDriver definition is:
@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@
 // Arduino STANDARD Motor Shield, used on different architectures:
 
 #if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_SAMD) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32)
-// Setup for SAMD21 Sparkfun DEV board using Arduino standard Motor Shield R3 (MUST be R3
+// Standard Motor Shield definition for 3v3 processors (other than the ESP32)
+// Setup for SAMD21 Sparkfun DEV board MUST use Arduino Motor Shield R3 (MUST be R3
 // for 3v3 compatibility!!) senseFactor for 3.3v systems is 1.95 as calculated when using
 // 10-bit A/D samples, and for 12-bit samples it's more like 0.488, but we probably need
 // to tweak both these
@@ -70,15 +71,27 @@
 #define SAMD_STANDARD_MOTOR_SHIELD STANDARD_MOTOR_SHIELD
 #define STM32_STANDARD_MOTOR_SHIELD STANDARD_MOTOR_SHIELD
 
+// EX 8874 based shield connected to a 3V3 system with 12-bit (4096) ADC
+#define EX8874_SHIELD F("EX8874"), \
+ new MotorDriver( 3, 12, UNUSED_PIN, 9, A0, 1.27, 5000, A4), \
+ new MotorDriver(11, 13, UNUSED_PIN, 8, A1, 1.27, 5000, A5)
+
+
 #elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32)
 // STANDARD shield on an ESPDUINO-32 (ESP32 in Uno form factor). The shield must be eiter the
 // 3.3V compatible R3 version or it has to be modified to not supply more than 3.3V to the
-// analog inputs. Here we use analog inputs A4 and A5 as A0 and A1 are wired in a way so that
+// analog inputs. Here we use analog inputs A2 and A3 as A0 and A1 are wired in a way so that
 // they are not useable at the same time as WiFi (what a bummer). The numbers below are the
 // actual GPIO numbers. In comments the numbers the pins have on an Uno.
-#define STANDARD_MOTOR_SHIELD F("STANDARD_MOTOR_SHIELD"),                                                 \
-    new MotorDriver(25/* 3*/, 19/*12*/, UNUSED_PIN, 13/*9*/, 36/*A4*/, 0.70, 1500, UNUSED_PIN), \
-    new MotorDriver(23/*11*/, 18/*13*/, UNUSED_PIN, 12/*8*/, 39/*A5*/, 0.70, 1500, UNUSED_PIN)
+#define STANDARD_MOTOR_SHIELD F("STANDARD_MOTOR_SHIELD"), \
+ new MotorDriver(25/* 3*/, 19/*12*/, UNUSED_PIN, 13/*9*/, 35/*A2*/, 0.70, 1500, UNUSED_PIN), \
+ new MotorDriver(23/*11*/, 18/*13*/, UNUSED_PIN, 12/*8*/, 34/*A3*/, 0.70, 1500, UNUSED_PIN)
+
+// EX 8874 based shield connected to a 3.3V system (like ESP32) and 12bit (4096) ADC
+// numbers are GPIO numbers. comments are UNO form factor shield pin numbers
+#define EX8874_SHIELD F("EX8874"),\
+ new MotorDriver(25/* 3*/, 19/*12*/, UNUSED_PIN, 13/*9*/, 35/*A2*/, 1.27, 5000, 36 /*A4*/), \
+ new MotorDriver(23/*11*/, 18/*13*/, UNUSED_PIN, 12/*8*/, 34/*A3*/, 1.27, 5000, 39 /*A5*/)
 
 #else
 // STANDARD shield on any Arduino Uno or Mega compatible with the original specification.
@@ -88,6 +101,12 @@
 #define BRAKE_PWM_SWAPPED_MOTOR_SHIELD F("BPS_MOTOR_SHIELD"),                                       \
                               new MotorDriver(-9 , 12, UNUSED_PIN, -3, A0, 2.99, 1500, UNUSED_PIN), \
                               new MotorDriver(-8 , 13, UNUSED_PIN,-11, A1, 2.99, 1500, UNUSED_PIN)
+
+// EX 8874 based shield connected to a 5V system (like Arduino) and 10bit (1024) ADC
+#define EX8874_SHIELD F("EX8874"), \
+ new MotorDriver( 3, 12, UNUSED_PIN, 9, A0, 5.08, 5000, A4), \
+ new MotorDriver(11, 13, UNUSED_PIN, 8, A1, 5.08, 5000, A5)
+
 #endif
 
 // Pololu Motor Shield

Release_Notes/CommandRef.md

@@ -4,24 +4,37 @@ General points:
   - Commands below have a single character opcode and parameters.
   Even <JA> is actually read as <J A> 
   - Keyword parameters are shown in upper case but may be entered in mixed case.
-  - value parameters are numeric.
+  - value parameters are decimal numeric (unless otherwise noted)
   - [something]  indicates its optional.
-  - Not all commands have a response, and not all responses come from the last commands that you have issued.
+  - Not all commands have a response, and broadcasts mean that not all responses come from the last commands that you have issued.
    
 Startup status
-<s>
+<s> Return status like
+    <iDCC-EX V-4.2.22 / MEGA / STANDARD_MOTOR_SHIELD G-devel-202302281422Z>
+    also returns defined turnout list:
+    <H id 1|0>   1=thrown
 
-Track power management
-<1>
-<1 MAIN|PROG|JOIN>
-<0>
-<0 MAIN|PROG>
+Track power management. After power commands a power state is broadcast to all throttles.
+
+<1>                Power on all
+<1 MAIN|PROG|JOIN> Power on MAIN or PROG track
+<1 JOIN>           Power on MAIN and PROG track but send main track data on both.
+<0>                Power off all tracks 
+<0 MAIN|PROG>      Power off main or prog track
+
+Basic manual loco control
+<t locoid speed direction>  Throttle loco. 
+    speed in JMRI-form  (-1=ESTOP, 0=STOP, 1..126 = DCC speeds 2..127)
+    direction 1=forward, 0=reverse
+    For response see broadcast <l>
+
+<F locoid function 1|0>     Set loco function 1=ON, 0-OFF
+    For response see broadcast <l>
+
+<!>  emergency stop all locos
+<T id 0|1|T|C>  Control turnout id, 0=C=Closed, 1=T=Thrown
+       response broadcast <H id 0|1>
 
-Basic manual control
-<t cab speed direction> 
-<F cab function 1|0>
-<!>
-<T id 0|1|T|C>
 
 DCC accessory control
 <a address subaddress activate [onoff]>
@@ -35,25 +48,33 @@ Note: Turnouts are best defined in myAutomation.h where a turnout description ca
 <T id VPIN vpin>
 <T id DCC addr subaddr>
 <T id DCC linearaddr>
+   Valid commands respond with <O>
+
+Direct pin manipulation (replaces <Z commands, no predefinition required)
+<z vpin>     Set pin HIGH
+<z -vpin>    Set pin LOW
+<z vpin value> Set pin analog value
+<z vpin value profile> Set pin analog with profile
+<z vpin value profile duration> set pin analog with profile and value
 
 
-Outputs
-<Z id activate>
-<Z id vpin iflag>
+Sensors (Used by JMRI, not required by EXRAIL)
+<S id vpin pullup> define a sensor to be monitored.
+   Responses <Q id> and <q id> as sensor changes  
 
-Sensors 
-<S id vpin pullup>
+Decoder programming - main track
+<w cab cv value> POM write value to cv on loco
+<b cab cv bit value> POM write bit to cv on loco
 
-Decoder programming
-<w cab cv value>
-<b cab cv bit value>
-<W cabid>
-<W cv value>
-<V cv value>
-<V cv bit value>
-<R>
-<R cv>
-<B cv bit value>
+Decoder Programming - prog track
+<W cabid>  Clear consist and write new cab id (includes long/short settings)
+           Responds <W cabid> or <W -1> for error
+<W cv value> Write value to cv
+
+<V cv predictedValue> Read cv value, much faster if prediction is correct. 
+<V cv bit predictedValue>      Read CV bit
+
+<R>         Read drive-away loco id. (May be a consist id)
 <D ACK ON|OFF>
 <D ACK LIMIT|MIN|MAX|RETRY value>
 <D PROGBOOST>
@@ -152,6 +173,11 @@ Obsolete commands/formats
 <B cv bit value obsolete obsolete>
 <R cv obsolete obsolete>
 <W cv value obsolete obsolete>
+<R cv>            V command is much faster if prediction is correct.
+<B cv bit value>  V command is much faster if prediction is correct.
+<Z id vpin active> (use <z)  Define an output pin that JMRI can set by id 
+<Z id activate>    (use <z)  Activate an output pin by id
+
 
 Broadcast responses
 Note: broadcasts are sent to all throttles when appropriate (usually because something has changed)

SerialManager.cpp

@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@ void SerialManager::init() {
     delay(1000);
   }
 #endif
+#ifdef SABERTOOTH
+  Serial2.begin(9600, SERIAL_8N1, 16, 17); // GPIO 16 RXD2; GPIO 17 TXD2 on ESP32
+#endif
 }
 
 void SerialManager::broadcast(char * stringBuffer) {

StringFormatter.cpp

@@ -117,6 +117,24 @@ void StringFormatter::send2(Print * stream,const FSH* format, va_list args) {
       case 'o': stream->print(va_arg(args, int), OCT); break;
       case 'x': stream->print((unsigned int)va_arg(args, unsigned int), HEX); break;
       case 'X': stream->print((unsigned long)va_arg(args, unsigned long), HEX); break;
+      case 'M':
+      { // this prints a unsigned long microseconds time in readable format
+	unsigned long time = va_arg(args, long);
+	if (time >= 2000) {
+	  time = time / 1000;
+	  if (time >= 2000) {
+	    printPadded(stream, time/1000, formatWidth, formatLeft);
+	    stream->print(F("sec"));
+	  } else {
+	    printPadded(stream,time, formatWidth, formatLeft);
+	    stream->print(F("msec"));
+	  }
+	} else {
+	  printPadded(stream,time, formatWidth, formatLeft);
+	  stream->print(F("usec"));
+	}
+      }
+      break;
       //case 'f': stream->print(va_arg(args, double), 2); break;
       //format width prefix
       case '-': 

TrackManager.cpp

@@ -33,8 +33,9 @@
         FOR_EACH_TRACK(t) \
             if (trackMode[t]==findmode) \
                 track[t]->function;
-
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
 const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_PROG = -29718;
+#endif
 const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_MAIN = 11339;
 const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_OFF = 22479;  
 const int16_t HASH_KEYWORD_DC = 2183;  
@@ -116,12 +117,24 @@ void TrackManager::Setup(const FSH * shieldname,
     
     // Default the first 2 tracks (which may be null) and perform HA waveform check.
     setTrackMode(0,TRACK_MODE_MAIN);
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
     setTrackMode(1,TRACK_MODE_PROG);
+#else
+    setTrackMode(1,TRACK_MODE_MAIN);
+#endif
   
-  // TODO Fault pin config for odd motor boards (example pololu)
-  // MotorDriver::commonFaultPin = ((mainDriver->getFaultPin() == progDriver->getFaultPin())
-  //				 && (mainDriver->getFaultPin() != UNUSED_PIN));
-  DCC::begin(shieldname);   
+  // Fault pin config for odd motor boards (example pololu)
+  FOR_EACH_TRACK(t) {
+    for (byte s=t+1;s<=lastTrack;s++) {
+      if (track[t]->getFaultPin() != UNUSED_PIN &&
+	  track[t]->getFaultPin() == track[s]->getFaultPin()) {
+	track[t]->setCommonFaultPin();
+	track[s]->setCommonFaultPin();
+	DIAG(F("Common Fault pin tracks %c and %c"), t+'A', s+'A');
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  DCC::setShieldName(shieldname);
 }
 
 void TrackManager::addTrack(byte t, MotorDriver* driver) {
@@ -129,6 +142,7 @@ void TrackManager::addTrack(byte t, MotorDriver* driver) {
      track[t]=driver;
      if (driver) {
          track[t]->setPower(POWERMODE::OFF);
+	 track[t]->setTrackLetter('A'+t);
          lastTrack=t;
      } 
 }
@@ -197,7 +211,11 @@ bool TrackManager::setTrackMode(byte trackToSet, TRACK_MODE mode, int16_t dcAddr
       pinMode(p.invpin, OUTPUT); // gpio_reset_pin may reset to input
     }
 #endif
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
     if (mode==TRACK_MODE_PROG) {
+#else
+    if (false) {
+#endif
       // only allow 1 track to be prog
       FOR_EACH_TRACK(t)
 	if (trackMode[t]==TRACK_MODE_PROG && t != trackToSet) {
@@ -305,8 +323,10 @@ bool TrackManager::parseJ(Print *stream, int16_t params, int16_t p[])
     if (params==2  && p[1]==HASH_KEYWORD_MAIN) // <= id MAIN>
         return setTrackMode(p[0],TRACK_MODE_MAIN);
     
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
     if (params==2  && p[1]==HASH_KEYWORD_PROG) // <= id PROG>
         return setTrackMode(p[0],TRACK_MODE_PROG);
+#endif
     
     if (params==2  && p[1]==HASH_KEYWORD_OFF) // <= id OFF>
         return setTrackMode(p[0],TRACK_MODE_OFF);
@@ -331,9 +351,11 @@ void TrackManager::streamTrackState(Print* stream, byte t) {
   case TRACK_MODE_MAIN:
       format=F("<= %c MAIN>\n");
       break;
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
   case TRACK_MODE_PROG:
       format=F("<= %c PROG>\n");
       break;
+#endif
   case TRACK_MODE_OFF:
       format=F("<= %c OFF>\n");
       break;
@@ -356,8 +378,10 @@ void TrackManager::streamTrackState(Print* stream, byte t) {
 byte TrackManager::nextCycleTrack=MAX_TRACKS;
 
 void TrackManager::loop() {
-    DCCWaveform::loop(); 
-    DCCACK::loop(); 
+    DCCWaveform::loop();
+#ifndef DISABLE_PROG
+    DCCACK::loop();
+#endif
     bool dontLimitProg=DCCACK::isActive() || progTrackSyncMain || progTrackBoosted;
     nextCycleTrack++;
     if (nextCycleTrack>lastTrack) nextCycleTrack=0;

TrackManager.h

@@ -84,8 +84,15 @@ class TrackManager {
 
     static int16_t joinRelay;
     static bool progTrackSyncMain;  // true when prog track is a siding switched to main
-     static bool progTrackBoosted;   // true when prog track is not current limited
-    
+    static bool progTrackBoosted;   // true when prog track is not current limited
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_ADC
+  public:
+#else
+  private:
+#endif
+    static MotorDriver* track[MAX_TRACKS];
+
   private:
     static void addTrack(byte t, MotorDriver* driver);
     static byte lastTrack;
@@ -93,7 +100,6 @@ class TrackManager {
     static POWERMODE mainPowerGuess;
     static void applyDCSpeed(byte t);
 
-    static MotorDriver* track[MAX_TRACKS];
     static TRACK_MODE trackMode[MAX_TRACKS]; 
     static int16_t trackDCAddr[MAX_TRACKS];  // dc address if TRACK_MODE_DC or TRACK_MODE_DCX
 #ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32

Turnouts.cpp

@@ -110,49 +110,40 @@
   /* static */ bool Turnout::setClosedStateOnly(uint16_t id, bool closeFlag) {
     Turnout *tt = get(id);
     if (!tt) return false;
-    tt->_turnoutData.closed = closeFlag;
-
     // I know it says setClosedStateOnly, but we need to tell others
-    //  that the state has changed too.
-    #if defined(EXRAIL_ACTIVE)
-      RMFT2::turnoutEvent(id, closeFlag);
-    #endif
-
-    CommandDistributor::broadcastTurnout(id, closeFlag);
+    // that the state has changed too. But we only broadcast if there
+    // really has been a change.
+    if (tt->_turnoutData.closed != closeFlag) {
+      tt->_turnoutData.closed = closeFlag;
+      CommandDistributor::broadcastTurnout(id, closeFlag);
+    }
+#if defined(EXRAIL_ACTIVE)
+    RMFT2::turnoutEvent(id, closeFlag);
+#endif
     return true;
   }
 
-
+#define DIAG_IO
   // Static setClosed function is invoked from close(), throw() etc. to perform the 
   //  common parts of the turnout operation.  Code which is specific to a turnout
   //  type should be placed in the virtual function setClosedInternal(bool) which is
   //  called from here.
   /* static */ bool Turnout::setClosed(uint16_t id, bool closeFlag) { 
-  #if defined(DIAG_IO)
-    if (closeFlag) 
-      DIAG(F("Turnout::close(%d)"), id);
-    else
-      DIAG(F("Turnout::throw(%d)"), id);
-  #endif
+#if defined(DIAG_IO)
+    DIAG(F("Turnout(%d,%c)"), id, closeFlag ? 'c':'t');
+#endif
     Turnout *tt = Turnout::get(id);
     if (!tt) return false;
     bool ok = tt->setClosedInternal(closeFlag);
 
     if (ok) {
-      
+      tt->setClosedStateOnly(id, closeFlag);
 #ifndef DISABLE_EEPROM
       // Write byte containing new closed/thrown state to EEPROM if required.  Note that eepromAddress
       // is always zero for LCN turnouts.
       if (EEStore::eeStore->data.nTurnouts > 0 && tt->_eepromAddress > 0) 
         EEPROM.put(tt->_eepromAddress, tt->_turnoutData.flags);
 #endif
-
-    #if defined(EXRAIL_ACTIVE)
-      RMFT2::turnoutEvent(id, closeFlag);
-    #endif
-
-      // Send message to JMRI etc.
-      CommandDistributor::broadcastTurnout(id, closeFlag);
     }
     return ok;
   }
@@ -259,6 +250,7 @@
       }
     }
     tt = (Turnout *)new ServoTurnout(id, vpin, thrownPosition, closedPosition, profile, closed);
+    DIAG(F("Turnout 0x%x size %d size %d"), tt, sizeof(Turnout),sizeof(struct TurnoutData));
     IODevice::writeAnalogue(vpin, closed ? closedPosition : thrownPosition, PCA9685::Instant);
     return tt;
 #else
@@ -298,7 +290,6 @@
 #ifndef IO_NO_HAL
     IODevice::writeAnalogue(_servoTurnoutData.vpin, 
       close ? _servoTurnoutData.closedPosition : _servoTurnoutData.thrownPosition, _servoTurnoutData.profile);
-    _turnoutData.closed = close;
 #else
     (void)close;  // avoid compiler warnings
 #endif
@@ -396,7 +387,6 @@
     // and Close writes a 0.  
     // RCN-213 specifies that Throw is 0 and Close is 1.
     DCC::setAccessory(_dccTurnoutData.address, _dccTurnoutData.subAddress, close ^ !rcn213Compliant);
-    _turnoutData.closed = close;
     return true;
   }
 
@@ -472,7 +462,6 @@
 
   bool VpinTurnout::setClosedInternal(bool close) {
     IODevice::write(_vpinTurnoutData.vpin, close);
-    _turnoutData.closed = close;
     return true;
   }
 
@@ -523,7 +512,10 @@
   bool LCNTurnout::setClosedInternal(bool close) {
     // Assume that the LCN command still uses 1 for throw and 0 for close...
     LCN::send('T', _turnoutData.id, !close);
-    // The _turnoutData.closed flag should be updated by a message from the LCN master, later.
+    // The _turnoutData.closed flag should be updated by a message from the LCN master.
+    // but in this implementation it is updated in setClosedStateOnly() instead.
+    // If the LCN master updates this, setClosedStateOnly() and all setClosedInternal()
+    // have to be updated accordingly so that the closed flag is only set once.
     return true;
   }
 

Turnouts.h

@@ -69,10 +69,12 @@ protected:
     uint16_t id;
   } _turnoutData;  // 3 bytes
 
+#ifndef DISABLE_EEPROM
   // Address in eeprom of first byte of the _turnoutData struct (containing the closed flag).
   // Set to zero if the object has not been saved in EEPROM, e.g. for newly created Turnouts, and 
   // for all LCN turnouts.
   uint16_t _eepromAddress = 0;
+#endif
 
   // Pointer to next turnout on linked list.
   Turnout *_nextTurnout = 0;

WiThrottle.cpp

@@ -235,6 +235,10 @@ int WiThrottle::getLocoId(byte * cmd) {
 void WiThrottle::multithrottle(RingStream * stream, byte * cmd){ 
   char throttleChar=cmd[1];
   int locoid=getLocoId(cmd+3); // -1 for *
+  if (locoid > 10239 || locoid < -1) {
+    StringFormatter::send(stream, F("No valid DCC loco %d\n"), locoid);
+    return;
+  }
   byte * aval=cmd;
   while(*aval !=';' && *aval !='\0') aval++;
   if (*aval) aval+=2;  // skip ;>
@@ -527,10 +531,13 @@ void WiThrottle::sendRoster(Print* stream) {
   rosterSent=true;
 #ifdef EXRAIL_ACTIVE
   StringFormatter::send(stream,F("RL%d"), RMFT2::rosterNameCount);
-  for (int16_t r=0;r<RMFT2::rosterNameCount;r++) {
+  for (int16_t r=0;;r++) {
       int16_t cabid=GETHIGHFLASHW(RMFT2::rosterIdList,r*2);
-      StringFormatter::send(stream,F("]\\[%S}|{%d}|{%c"),
-      RMFT2::getRosterName(cabid),cabid,cabid<128?'S':'L');
+      if (cabid == INT16_MAX)
+	break;
+      if (cabid > 0)
+	StringFormatter::send(stream,F("]\\[%S}|{%d}|{%c"),
+			      RMFT2::getRosterName(cabid),cabid,cabid<128?'S':'L');
   }
   StringFormatter::send(stream,F("\n"));       
 #else
@@ -544,14 +551,14 @@ void WiThrottle::sendRoutes(Print* stream) {
     // first pass automations
     for (int ix=0;;ix+=2) {
         int16_t id =GETHIGHFLASHW(RMFT2::automationIdList,ix);
-        if (id==0) break;
+        if (id==INT16_MAX) break;
         const FSH * desc=RMFT2::getRouteDescription(id);
         StringFormatter::send(stream,F("]\\[A%d}|{%S}|{4"),id,desc);
     }
     // second pass routes.
     for (int ix=0;;ix+=2) {
         int16_t id=GETHIGHFLASHW(RMFT2::routeIdList,ix);
-        if (id==0) break;
+        if (id==INT16_MAX) break;
         const FSH * desc=RMFT2::getRouteDescription(id);
         StringFormatter::send(stream,F("]\\[R%d}|{%S}|{2"),id,desc);
     }
@@ -567,9 +574,13 @@ void WiThrottle::sendFunctions(Print* stream, byte loco) {
 	myLocos[loco].functionToggles=1<<2; // F2 (HORN)  is a non-toggle
         
 #ifdef EXRAIL_ACTIVE
-	const char * functionNames=(char *) RMFT2::getRosterFunctions(locoid);
-	if (!functionNames) {
-	  // no roster, use non-exrail presets as above 
+	const FSH * functionNames= RMFT2::getRosterFunctions(locoid);
+	if (functionNames == NULL) {
+	  // no roster entry for locoid, try to find default entry
+	  functionNames= RMFT2::getRosterFunctions(0);
+	}
+	if (functionNames == NULL) {
+	  // no default roster entry either, use non-exrail presets as above 
 	}
 	else if (GETFLASH(functionNames)=='\0') {
 	  // "" = Roster but no functions given
@@ -584,7 +595,7 @@ void WiThrottle::sendFunctions(Print* stream, byte loco) {
 	  fkeys=0;
 	  bool firstchar=true;
 	  for (int fx=0;;fx++) {
-	    char c=GETFLASH(functionNames+fx);
+	    char c=GETFLASH((char *)functionNames+fx);
 	    if (c=='\0') {
 	      fkeys++;
 	      break;

WifiESP32.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32)
 #include <vector>
 #include "defines.h"
+#include "ESPmDNS.h"
 #include <WiFi.h>
 #include "esp_wifi.h"
 #include "WifiESP32.h"
@@ -105,6 +106,12 @@ void wifiLoop(void *){
 }
 #endif
 
+char asciitolower(char in) {
+  if (in <= 'Z' && in >= 'A')
+    return in - ('Z' - 'z');
+  return in;
+}
+
 bool WifiESP::setup(const char *SSid,
                     const char *password,
                     const char *hostname,
@@ -176,12 +183,14 @@ bool WifiESP::setup(const char *SSid,
   }
   if (!haveSSID) {
     // prepare all strings
-    String strSSID("DCC_");
+    String strSSID("DCCEX_");
     String strPass("PASS_");
     String strMac = WiFi.macAddress();
     strMac.remove(0,9);
     strMac.replace(":","");
     strMac.replace(":","");
+    // convert mac addr hex chars to lower case to be compatible with AT software
+    std::transform(strMac.begin(), strMac.end(), strMac.begin(), asciitolower);
     strSSID.concat(strMac);
     strPass.concat(strMac);
 
@@ -209,6 +218,15 @@ bool WifiESP::setup(const char *SSid,
     // no idea to go on
     return false;
   }
+
+  // Now Wifi is up, register the mDNS service
+  if(!MDNS.begin(hostname)) {
+    DIAG(F("Wifi setup failed to start mDNS"));
+  }
+  if(!MDNS.addService("withrottle", "tcp", 2560)) {
+    DIAG(F("Wifi setup failed to add withrottle service to mDNS"));
+  }
+
   server = new WiFiServer(port); // start listening on tcp port
   server->begin();
   // server started here

WifiInterface.cpp

@@ -52,10 +52,30 @@ Stream * WifiInterface::wifiStream;
  
 #if (defined(ARDUINO_AVR_MEGA) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560))
 #define NUM_SERIAL 3
+#define SERIAL1 Serial1
+#define SERIAL3 Serial3
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32)
+// Handle serial ports availability on STM32 for variants!
+// #undef NUM_SERIAL
+#if defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F411RE)
+#define NUM_SERIAL 3
+#define SERIAL1 Serial1
+#define SERIAL3 Serial6
+#elif defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F446RE)
+#define NUM_SERIAL 3
+#define SERIAL1 Serial3
+#define SERIAL3 Serial5
+#elif defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F412ZG) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F429ZI) || defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F446ZE)
+#define NUM_SERIAL 2
+#define SERIAL1 Serial6
+#endif
 #endif
 
 #ifndef NUM_SERIAL
 #define NUM_SERIAL 1
+#define SERIAL1 Serial1
 #endif
 
 bool WifiInterface::setup(long serial_link_speed, 
@@ -76,13 +96,16 @@ bool WifiInterface::setup(long serial_link_speed,
   (void) port;
   (void) channel;
 #endif  
-  
+
+// See if the WiFi is attached to the first serial port
 #if NUM_SERIAL > 0 && !defined(SERIAL1_COMMANDS)
-  Serial1.begin(serial_link_speed);
-  wifiUp = setup(Serial1, wifiESSID, wifiPassword, hostname, port, channel);
+  SERIAL1.begin(serial_link_speed);
+  wifiUp = setup(SERIAL1, wifiESSID, wifiPassword, hostname, port, channel);
 #endif
 
 // Other serials are tried, depending on hardware.
+// Currently only the Arduino Mega 2560 has usable Serial2 (Nucleo-64 boards use Serial 2 for console!)
+#if defined(ARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560)
 #if NUM_SERIAL > 1 && !defined(SERIAL2_COMMANDS)
   if (wifiUp == WIFI_NOAT)
   {
@@ -90,12 +113,15 @@ bool WifiInterface::setup(long serial_link_speed,
     wifiUp = setup(Serial2, wifiESSID, wifiPassword, hostname, port, channel);
   }
 #endif
-  
+#endif
+
+// We guess here that in all architctures that have a Serial3
+// we can use it for our purpose.
 #if NUM_SERIAL > 2 && !defined(SERIAL3_COMMANDS)
   if (wifiUp == WIFI_NOAT)
   {
-    Serial3.begin(serial_link_speed);
-    wifiUp = setup(Serial3, wifiESSID, wifiPassword, hostname, port, channel);
+    SERIAL3.begin(serial_link_speed);
+    wifiUp = setup(SERIAL3, wifiESSID, wifiPassword, hostname, port, channel);
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -125,17 +151,18 @@ wifiSerialState WifiInterface::setup(Stream & setupStream,  const FSH* SSid, con
   wifiState = setup2( SSid, password, hostname,  port, channel);
 
   if (wifiState == WIFI_NOAT) {
-      DIAG(F("++ Wifi Setup NO AT ++"));
-      return wifiState;
+    LCD(4, F("WiFi no AT chip"));
+    return wifiState;
   }
  
   if (wifiState == WIFI_CONNECTED) {
     StringFormatter::send(wifiStream, F("ATE0\r\n")); // turn off the echo 
-    checkForOK(200, true);      
+    checkForOK(200, true);
+    DIAG(F("WiFi CONNECTED"));
+    // LCD already shows IP
+  } else {
+    LCD(4,F("WiFi DISCON."));
   }
-
-    
-  DIAG(F("++ Wifi Setup %S ++"), wifiState == WIFI_CONNECTED ? F("CONNECTED") : F("DISCONNECTED"));
   return wifiState;
 }
 

config.example.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  *  © 2022 Paul M. Antoine
  *  © 2021 Neil McKechnie
- *  © 2020-2021 Harald Barth
+ *  © 2020-2023 Harald Barth
  *  © 2020-2021 Fred Decker
  *  © 2020-2021 Chris Harlow
  *  
@@ -27,6 +27,16 @@ The configuration file for DCC-EX Command Station
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// If you want to add your own motor driver definition(s), add them here
+//   For example MY_SHIELD with display name "MINE":
+//   (remove comment start and end marker if you want to edit and use that)
+/* 
+#define MY_SHIELD F("MINE"), \
+ new MotorDriver( 3, 12, UNUSED_PIN, 9, A0, 5.08, 3000, A4), \
+ new MotorDriver(11, 13, UNUSED_PIN, 8, A1, 5.08, 1500, A5)
+*/
+
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //  NOTE: Before connecting these boards and selecting one in this software
 //        check the quick install guides!!! Some of these boards require a voltage
@@ -34,15 +44,15 @@ The configuration file for DCC-EX Command Station
 //        the correct resistor could damage the sense pin on your Arduino or destroy
 //        the device.
 //
-// DEFINE MOTOR_SHIELD_TYPE BELOW ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING TABLE:
+// DEFINE MOTOR_SHIELD_TYPE BELOW. THESE ARE EXAMPLES. FULL LIST IN MotorDrivers.h
 //
 //  STANDARD_MOTOR_SHIELD : Arduino Motor shield Rev3 based on the L298 with 18V 2A per channel
 //  POLOLU_MOTOR_SHIELD   : Pololu MC33926 Motor Driver (not recommended for prog track)
-//  POLOLU_TB9051FTG      : Pololu Dual TB9051FTG Motor Driver
 //  FUNDUMOTO_SHIELD      : Fundumoto Shield, no current sensing (not recommended, no short protection)
 //  FIREBOX_MK1           : The Firebox MK1                    
 //  FIREBOX_MK1S          : The Firebox MK1S
 //  IBT_2_WITH_ARDUINO    : Arduino Motor Shield for PROG and IBT-2 for MAIN
+//  EX8874_SHIELD         : DCC-EX TI DRV8874 based motor shield
 //   |
 //   +-----------------------v
 //
@@ -128,7 +138,7 @@ The configuration file for DCC-EX Command Station
 //OR define OLED_DRIVER width,height[,address] in pixels (address auto detected if not supplied)
 // 128x32 or 128x64 I2C SSD1306-based devices are supported.
 // Use 132,64 for a SH1106-based I2C device with a 128x64 display.
-// #define OLED_DRIVER 128,32,0x3c
+// #define OLED_DRIVER 0x3c,128,32
 
 // Define scroll mode as 0, 1 or 2
 //  *  #define SCROLLMODE 0 is scroll continuous (fill screen if poss),
@@ -141,7 +151,7 @@ The configuration file for DCC-EX Command Station
 //
 // If you do not need the EEPROM at all, you can disable all the code that saves
 // data in the EEPROM. You might want to do that if you are in a Arduino UNO
-// and want to use the EX-RAIL automation. Otherwise you do not have enough RAM
+// and want to use the EXRAIL automation. Otherwise you do not have enough RAM
 // to do that. Of course, then none of the EEPROM related commands work.
 //
 // EEPROM does not work on ESP32. So on ESP32, EEPROM will always be disabled,
@@ -149,6 +159,17 @@ The configuration file for DCC-EX Command Station
 //
 // #define DISABLE_EEPROM
 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// DISABLE PROG
+//
+// If you do not need programming capability, you can disable all programming related
+// commands. You might want to do that if you are using an Arduino UNO and still want
+// to use EXRAIL automation, as the Uno is lacking in RAM and Flash to run both.
+// 
+// Note this disables all programming functionality, including EXRAIL.
+//
+// #define DISABLE_PROG
+
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // REDEFINE WHERE SHORT/LONG ADDR break is. According to NMRA the last short address
 // is 127 and the first long address is 128. There are manufacturers which have
@@ -224,5 +245,15 @@ The configuration file for DCC-EX Command Station
 //
 //#define SERIAL_BT_COMMANDS
 
+// SABERTOOTH
+//
+// This is a very special option and only useful if you happen to have a
+// sabertooth motor controller from dimension engineering configured to
+// take commands from and ESP32 via serial at 9600 baud from GPIO17 (TX)
+// and GPIO16 (RX, currently unused).
+// The number defined is the DCC address for which speed controls are sent
+// to the sabertooth controller _as_well_. Default: Undefined.
+//
+//#define SABERTOOTH 1
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

defines.h

@@ -148,7 +148,6 @@
   #define I2C_USE_WIRE
   #endif
 
-
 /* TODO when ready 
 #elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040)
   #define ARDUINO_TYPE "RP2040"

install_via_powershell.cmd

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+@ECHO OFF
+
+FOR /f "tokens=*" %%a IN ('powershell Get-ExecutionPolicy -Scope CurrentUser') DO SET PS_POLICY=%%a
+
+IF NOT %PS_POLICY=="Bypass" (
+  powershell Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope CurrentUser Bypass
+)
+
+powershell %~dp0%installer.ps1
+
+IF NOT %PS_POLICY=="Bypass" (
+  powershell Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope CurrentUser %PS_POLICY%
+)

installer.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+<#
+# © 2023 Peter Cole
+# 
+# This file is part of EX-CommandStation
+#
+# This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with CommandStation.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#>
+
+<############################################
+For script errors set ExecutionPolicy:
+Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope CurrentUser -ExecutionPolicy Bypass
+############################################>
+
+<############################################
+Optional command line parameters:
+  $buildDirectory - specify an existing directory rather than generating a new unique one
+  $configDirectory - specify a directory containing existing files as per $configFiles
+############################################>
+Param(
+  [Parameter()]
+  [String]$buildDirectory,
+  [Parameter()]
+  [String]$configDirectory
+)
+
+<############################################
+Define global parameters here such as known URLs etc.
+############################################>
+$installerVersion = "v0.0.8"
+$configFiles = @("config.h", "myAutomation.h", "myHal.cpp", "mySetup.h")
+$wifiBoards = @("arduino:avr:mega", "esp32:esp32:esp32")
+$userDirectory = $env:USERPROFILE + "\"
+$gitHubAPITags = "https://api.github.com/repos/DCC-EX/CommandStation-EX/git/refs/tags"
+$gitHubURLPrefix = "https://github.com/DCC-EX/CommandStation-EX/archive/"
+if ((Get-WmiObject win32_operatingsystem | Select-Object osarchitecture).osarchitecture -eq "64-bit") {
+  $arduinoCLIURL = "https://downloads.arduino.cc/arduino-cli/arduino-cli_latest_Windows_64bit.zip"
+  $arduinoCLIZip = $userDirectory + "Downloads\" + "arduino-cli_latest_Windows_64bit.zip"
+} else {
+  $arduinoCLIURL = "https://downloads.arduino.cc/arduino-cli/arduino-cli_latest_Windows_32bit.zip"
+  $arduinoCLIZip = $userDirectory + "Downloads\" + "arduino-cli_latest_Windows_32bit.zip"
+}
+$arduinoCLIDirectory = $userDirectory + "arduino-cli"
+$arduinoCLI = $arduinoCLIDirectory + "\arduino-cli.exe"
+
+<############################################
+List of supported devices with FQBN in case clones used that aren't detected
+############################################>
+$supportedDevices = @(
+  @{
+    name = "Arduino Mega or Mega 2560"
+    fqbn = "arduino:avr:mega"
+  },
+  @{
+    name = "Arduino Nano"
+    fqbn = "arduino:avr:nano"
+  },
+  @{
+    name = "Arduino Uno"
+    fqbn = "arduino:avr:uno"
+  },
+  @{
+    name = "ESP32 Dev Module"
+    fqbn = "esp32:esp32:esp32"
+  }
+)
+
+<############################################
+List of supported displays
+############################################>
+$displayList = @(
+  @{
+    option = "LCD 16 columns x 2 rows"
+    configLine = "#define LCD_DRIVER  0x27,16,2"
+  },
+  @{
+    option = "LCD 16 columns x 4 rows"
+    configLine = "#define LCD_DRIVER  0x27,16,4"
+  },
+  @{
+    option = "OLED 128 x 32"
+    configLine = "#define OLED_DRIVER 128,32"
+  },
+  @{
+    option = "OLED 128 x 64"
+    configLine = "#define OLED_DRIVER 128,64"
+  }
+)
+
+<############################################
+Basics of config.h
+############################################>
+$configLines = @(
+  "/*",
+  "This config.h file was generated by the DCC-EX PowerShell installer $installerVersion",
+  "*/",
+  "",
+  "// Define standard motor shield",
+  "#define MOTOR_SHIELD_TYPE STANDARD_MOTOR_SHIELD",
+  ""
+)
+
+<############################################
+Set default action for progress indicators, warnings, and errors
+############################################>
+$global:ProgressPreference = "SilentlyContinue"
+$global:WarningPreference = "SilentlyContinue"
+$global:ErrorActionPreference = "SilentlyContinue"
+
+<############################################
+If $buildDirectory not provided, generate a new time/date stamp based directory to use
+############################################>
+if (!$PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('buildDirectory')) {
+  $buildDate = Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd-HHmmss'
+  $buildDirectory = $userDirectory + "EX-CommandStation-Installer\" + $buildDate
+}
+$commandStationDirectory = $buildDirectory + "\CommandStation-EX"
+
+<############################################
+Write out intro message and prompt to continue
+############################################>
+@"
+Welcome to the DCC-EX PowerShell installer for EX-CommandStation ($installerVersion)
+
+Current installer options:
+
+- EX-CommandStation will be built in $commandStationDirectory
+- Arduino CLI will downloaded and extracted to $arduinoCLIDirectory
+
+Before continuing, please ensure:
+
+- Your computer is connected to the internet
+- The device you wish to install EX-CommandStation on is connected to a USB port
+
+This installer will obtain the Arduino CLI (if not already present), and then download and install your chosen version of EX-CommandStation
+
+"@
+
+<############################################
+Prompt user to confirm all is ready to proceed
+############################################>
+$confirmation = Read-Host "Enter 'Y' or 'y' then press <Enter> to confirm you are ready to proceed, any other key to exit"
+if ($confirmation -ne "Y" -and $confirmation -ne "y") {
+  Exit
+}
+
+<############################################
+See if we have the Arduino CLI already, otherwise download and extract it
+############################################>
+if (!(Test-Path -PathType Leaf -Path $arduinoCLI)) {
+  if (!(Test-Path -PathType Container -Path $arduinoCLIDirectory)) {
+    try {
+      New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $arduinoCLIDirectory | Out-Null
+    }
+    catch {
+      Write-Output "Arduino CLI does not exist and cannot create directory $arduinoCLIDirectory"
+      Exit
+    }
+  }
+  Write-Output "`r`nDownloading and extracting Arduino CLI"
+  try {
+    Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $arduinoCLIURL -OutFile $arduinoCLIZip
+  }
+  catch {
+    Write-Output "Failed to download Arduino CLI"
+    Exit
+  }
+  try {
+    Expand-Archive -Path $arduinoCLIZip -DestinationPath $arduinoCLIDirectory -Force
+  }
+  catch {
+    Write-Output "Failed to extract Arduino CLI"
+  }
+} else {
+  Write-Output "`r`nArduino CLI already downloaded, ensuring it is up to date and you have a board connected"
+}
+
+<############################################
+Make sure Arduino CLI core index updated and list of boards populated
+############################################>
+# Need to do an initial board list to download everything first
+try {
+  & $arduinoCLI core update-index | Out-Null
+}
+catch {
+  Write-Output "Failed to update Arduino CLI core index"
+  Exit
+}
+# Need to do an initial board list to download everything first
+try {
+  & $arduinoCLI board list | Out-Null
+}
+catch {
+  Write-Output "Failed to update Arduino CLI board list"
+  Exit
+}
+
+<############################################
+Identify available board(s)
+############################################>
+try {
+  $boardList = & $arduinoCLI board list --format jsonmini | ConvertFrom-Json
+}
+catch {
+  Write-Output "Failed to obtain list of boards"
+  Exit
+}
+
+<############################################
+Get user to select board
+############################################>
+if ($boardList.count -eq 0) {
+  Write-Output "Could not find any attached devices, please ensure your device is plugged in to a USB port and Windows recognises it"
+  Exit
+} else {
+@"
+
+Devices attached to COM ports:
+------------------------------
+"@
+
+  $boardSelect = 1
+  foreach ($board in $boardList) {
+    if ($board.matching_boards.name) {
+      $boardName = $board.matching_boards.name
+    } else {
+      $boardName = "Unknown device"
+    }
+    $port = $board.port.address
+    Write-Output "$boardSelect - $boardName on port $port"
+    $boardSelect++
+  }
+  Write-Output "$boardSelect - Exit"
+  $userSelection = 0
+  do {
+    [int]$userSelection = Read-Host "`r`nSelect the device to use from the list above"
+  } until (
+    (($userSelection -ge 1) -and ($userSelection -le ($boardList.count + 1)))
+  )
+  if ($userSelection -eq ($boardList.count + 1)) {
+    Write-Output "Exiting installer"
+    Exit
+  } else {
+    $selectedBoard = $userSelection - 1
+  }
+}
+
+<############################################
+If the board is unknown, need to choose which one
+############################################>
+if ($null -eq $boardList[$selectedBoard].matching_boards.name) {
+  Write-Output "The device selected is unknown, these boards are supported:`r`n"
+  $deviceSelect = 1
+  foreach ($device in $supportedDevices) {
+    Write-Output "$deviceSelect - $($supportedDevices[$deviceSelect - 1].name)"
+    $deviceSelect++
+  }
+  Write-Output "$deviceSelect - Exit"
+  $userSelection = 0
+  do {
+    [int]$userSelection = Read-Host "Select the board type from the list above"
+  } until (
+    (($userSelection -ge 1) -and ($userSelection -le ($supportedDevices.count + 1)))
+  )
+  if ($userSelection -eq ($supportedDevices.count + 1)) {
+    Write-Output "Exiting installer"
+    Exit
+  } else {
+    $deviceName = $supportedDevices[$userSelection - 1].name
+    $deviceFQBN = $supportedDevices[$userSelection - 1].fqbn
+    $devicePort = $boardList[$selectedBoard].port.address
+  }
+} else {
+  $deviceName = $boardList[$selectedBoard].matching_boards.name
+  $deviceFQBN = $boardList[$selectedBoard].matching_boards.fqbn
+  $devicePort = $boardList[$selectedBoard].port.address
+}
+
+<############################################
+Get the list of tags
+############################################>
+try {
+  $gitHubTags = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $gitHubAPITags
+}
+catch {
+  Write-Output "Failed to obtain list of available EX-CommandStation versions"
+  Exit
+}
+
+<############################################
+Get our GitHub tag list in a hash so we can sort by version numbers and extract just the ones we want
+############################################>
+$versionMatch = ".*?v(\d+)\.(\d+).(\d+)-(.*)"
+$tagList = @{}
+foreach ($tag in $gitHubTags) {
+  $tagHash = @{}
+  $tagHash["Ref"] = $tag.ref
+  $version = $tag.ref.split("/")[2]
+  $null = $version -match $versionMatch
+  $tagHash["Major"] = [int]$Matches[1]
+  $tagHash["Minor"] = [int]$Matches[2]
+  $tagHash["Patch"] = [int]$Matches[3]
+  $tagHash["Type"] = $Matches[4]
+  $tagList.Add($version, $tagHash)
+}
+
+<############################################
+Get latest two Prod and Devel for user to select
+############################################>
+$userList = @{}
+$prodCount = 1
+$devCount = 1
+$select = 1
+foreach ($tag in $tagList.Keys | Sort-Object {$tagList[$_]["Major"]},{$tagList[$_]["Minor"]},{$tagList[$_]["Patch"]} -Descending) {
+  if (($tagList[$tag]["Type"] -eq "Prod") -and $prodCount -le 2) {
+    $userList[$select] = $tag
+    $select++
+    $prodCount++
+  } elseif (($tagList[$tag]["Type"] -eq "Devel") -and $devCount -le 2) {
+    $userList[$select] = $tag
+    $select++
+    $devCount++
+  }
+}
+
+<############################################
+Display options for user to select and get the selection
+############################################>
+@"
+
+Available EX-CommandStation versions:
+-------------------------------------
+"@
+foreach ($selection in $userList.Keys | Sort-Object $selection) {
+  Write-Output "$selection - $($userList[$selection])"
+}
+Write-Output "5 - Exit"
+$userSelection = 0
+do {
+  [int]$userSelection = Read-Host "`r`nSelect the version to install from the list above (1 - 5)"
+} until (
+  (($userSelection -ge 1) -and ($userSelection -le 5))
+)
+if ($userSelection -eq 5) {
+  Write-Output "Exiting installer"
+  Exit
+} else {
+  $downloadURL = $gitHubURLPrefix + $tagList[$userList[$userSelection]]["Ref"] + ".zip"
+}
+
+<############################################
+Create build directory if it doesn't exist, or fail
+############################################>
+if (!(Test-Path -PathType Container -Path $buildDirectory)) {
+  try {
+    New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $buildDirectory | Out-Null
+  }
+  catch {
+    Write-Output "Could not create build directory $buildDirectory"
+    Exit
+  }
+}
+
+<############################################
+Download the chosen version to the build directory
+############################################>
+$downladFile = $buildDirectory + "\CommandStation-EX.zip"
+Write-Output "Downloading and extracting $($userList[$userSelection])"
+try {
+  Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $downloadURL -OutFile $downladFile
+}
+catch {
+  Write-Output "Error downloading EX-CommandStation zip file"
+  Exit
+}
+
+<############################################
+If folder exists, bail out and tell user
+############################################>
+if (Test-Path -PathType Container -Path "$buildDirectory\CommandStation-EX") {
+  Write-Output "EX-CommandStation directory already exists, please ensure you have copied any user files then delete manually: $buildDirectory\CommandStation-EX"
+  Exit
+}
+
+<############################################
+Extract and rename to CommandStation-EX to allow building
+############################################>
+try {
+  Expand-Archive -Path $downladFile -DestinationPath $buildDirectory -Force
+}
+catch {
+  Write-Output "Failed to extract EX-CommandStation zip file"
+  Exit
+}
+
+$folderName = $buildDirectory + "\CommandStation-EX-" + ($userList[$userSelection] -replace "^v", "")
+try {
+  Rename-Item -Path $folderName -NewName $commandStationDirectory
+}
+catch {
+  Write-Output "Could not rename folder"
+  Exit
+}
+
+<############################################
+If config directory provided, copy files here
+############################################>
+if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('configDirectory')) {
+  if (Test-Path -PathType Container -Path $configDirectory) {
+    foreach ($file in $configFiles) {
+      if (Test-Path -PathType Leaf -Path "$configDirectory\$file") {
+        Copy-Item -Path "$configDirectory\$file" -Destination "$commandStationDirectory\$file"
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    Write-Output "User provided configuration directory $configDirectory does not exist, skipping"
+  }
+} else {
+
+<############################################
+If no config directory provided, prompt for display option
+############################################>
+  Write-Output "`r`nIf you have an LCD or OLED display connected, you can configure it here`r`n"
+  Write-Output "1 - I have no display, skip this step"
+  $displaySelect = 2
+  foreach ($display in $displayList) {
+    Write-Output "$displaySelect - $($displayList[$displaySelect - 2].option)"
+    $displaySelect++
+  }
+  Write-Output "$($displayList.Count + 2) - Exit"
+  do {
+    [int]$displayChoice = Read-Host "`r`nSelect a display option"
+  } until (
+    ($displayChoice -ge 1 -and $displayChoice -le ($displayList.Count + 2))
+  )
+  if ($displayChoice -eq ($displayList.Count + 2)) {
+    Exit
+  } elseif ($displayChoice -ge 2) {
+    $configLines+= "// Display configuration"
+    $configLines+= "$($displayList[$displayChoice - 2].configLine)"
+    $configLines+= "#define SCROLLMODE 1 // Alternate between pages"
+  }
+<############################################
+If device supports WiFi, prompt to configure
+############################################>
+  if ($wifiBoards.Contains($deviceFQBN)) {
+    Write-Output "`r`nYour chosen board supports WiFi`r`n"
+    Write-Output "1 - I don't want WiFi, skip this step
+2 - Configure my device as an access point I will connect to directly
+3 - Configure my device to connect to my home WiFi network
+4 - Exit"
+    do {
+      [int]$wifiChoice = Read-Host "`r`nSelect a WiFi option"
+    } until (
+      ($wifiChoice -ge 1 -and $wifiChoice -le 4)
+    )
+    if ($wifiChoice -eq 4) {
+      Exit
+    } elseif ($wifiChoice -ne 1) {
+      $configLines+= ""
+      $configLines+= "// WiFi configuration"
+      $configLines+= "#define ENABLE_WIFI true"
+      $configLines+= "#define IP_PORT 2560"
+      $configLines+= "#define WIFI_HOSTNAME ""dccex"""
+      $configLines+= "#define WIFI_CHANNEL 1"
+      if ($wifiChoice -eq 2) {
+        $configLines+= "#define WIFI_SSID ""Your network name"""
+        $configLines+= "#define WIFI_PASSWORD ""Your network passwd"""
+      }
+      if ($wifiChoice -eq 3) {
+        $wifiSSID = Read-Host "Please enter the SSID of your home network here"
+        $wifiPassword = Read-Host "Please enter your home network WiFi password here"
+        $configLines+= "#define WIFI_SSID ""$($wifiSSID)"""
+        $configLines+= "#define WIFI_PASSWORD ""$($wifiPassword)"""
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+<############################################
+Write out config.h to a file here only if config directory not provided
+############################################>
+  $configH = $commandStationDirectory + "\config.h"
+  try {
+    $configLines | Out-File -FilePath $configH -Encoding ascii
+  }
+  catch {
+    Write-Output "Error writing config file to $configH"
+    Exit
+  }
+}
+
+<############################################
+Install core libraries for the platform
+############################################>
+$platformArray = $deviceFQBN.split(":")
+$platform = $platformArray[0] + ":" + $platformArray[1]
+try {
+  & $arduinoCLI core install $platform
+}
+catch {
+  Write-Output "Error install core libraries"
+  Exit
+}
+
+<############################################
+Upload the sketch to the selected board
+############################################>
+#$arduinoCLI upload -b fqbn -p port $commandStationDirectory
+Write-Output "Compiling and uploading to $deviceName on $devicePort"
+try {
+  $output = & $arduinoCLI compile -b $deviceFQBN -u -t -p $devicePort $commandStationDirectory --format jsonmini | ConvertFrom-Json
+}
+catch {
+  Write-Output "Failed to compile"
+  Exit
+}
+if ($output.success -eq "True") {
+  Write-Output "`r`nCongratulations! DCC-EX EX-CommandStation $($userList[$userSelection]) has been installed on your $deviceName`r`n"
+} else {
+  Write-Output "`r`nThere was an error installing $($userList[$userSelection]) on your $($deviceName), please take note of the errors provided:`r`n"
+  if ($null -ne $output.compiler_err) {
+    Write-Output "Compiler error: $($output.compiler_err)`r`n"
+  }
+  if ($null -ne $output.builder_result) {
+    Write-Output "Builder result: $($output.builder_result)`r`n"
+  }
+}
+
+Write-Output "`r`nPress any key to exit the installer"
+[void][System.Console]::ReadKey($true)

installer.sh

@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ else
     # need to do this config better
     cp -p config.example.h config.h
 fi
-need curl
 if test -x "$ACLI" ; then
     : all well
 else
+    need curl
     curl "$ACLIINSTALL" > acliinstall.sh
     chmod +x acliinstall.sh
     ./acliinstall.sh

myAutomation.example.h

@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
  *  
  */
 
-// This is the startup sequence, AKA SEQUENCE(0)
+// This is the startup sequence, 
+AUTOSTART
+POWERON        // turn on track power
 SENDLOCO(3,1) // send loco 3 off along route 1
 SENDLOCO(10,2) // send loco 10 off along route 2
 DONE     // This just ends the startup thread, leaving 2 others running.

myHal.cpp.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+#include "defines.h"
+#include "IODevice.h"
+
+#ifndef IO_NO_HAL
+
+#include "IO_VL53L0X.h"
+#include "IO_HCSR04.h"
+#include "Sensors.h"
+#include "Turnouts.h"
+#include "IO_DFPlayer.h"
+//#include "IO_Wire.h"
+#include "IO_AnalogueInputs.h"
+#if __has_include("IO_Servo.h")
+#include "IO_Servo.h"
+#include "IO_PCA9685pwm.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "IO_HALDisplay.h"
+#include "LiquidCrystal_I2C.h"
+
+#if __has_include("IO_CMRI.h")
+#include "IO_CMRI.h"
+#endif
+
+//#include "IO_ExampleSerial.h"
+
+//#include "IO_EXFastclock.h"
+//#include "IO_EXTurntable.h"
+
+#if __has_include("IO_ExternalEEPROM.h")
+#include "IO_ExternalEEPROM.h"
+#endif
+
+#if __has_include("IO_Network.h")
+#include "IO_Network.h"
+#include "Net_RF24.h"
+#include "Net_ENC28J60.h"
+#include "Net_Ethernet.h"
+#define NETWORK_PRESENT
+#endif
+
+#include "IO_TouchKeypad.h"
+
+#define WIRE_TEST 0
+#define TESTHARNESS 1
+#define I2C_STRESS_TEST 0
+#define I2C_SETCLOCK 0
+
+#include "DCC.h"
+
+
+#if 0 // Long Strings
+#define s10 "0123456789"
+#define s100 s10 s10 s10 s10 s10 s10 s10 s10 s10 s10
+#define s1k s100 s100 s100 s100 s100 s100 s100 s100 s100 s100
+#define s10k s1k s1k s1k s1k s1k s1k s1k s1k s1k s1k
+#define s32k s10k s10k s10k s1k s1k
+volatile const char PROGMEM ss1[] = s32k;
+#endif
+
+
+#if TESTHARNESS
+
+// Function to be invoked by test harness
+void myTest() {
+  // DIAG(F("VL53L0X #1 Test: dist=%d signal=%d ambient=%d value=%d"), 
+  //   IODevice::readAnalogue(5000),
+  //   IODevice::readAnalogue(5001),
+  //   IODevice::readAnalogue(5002),
+  //   IODevice::read(5000));
+  // DIAG(F("VL53L0X #2 Test: dist=%d signal=%d ambient=%d value=%d"), 
+  //   IODevice::readAnalogue(5003),
+  //   IODevice::readAnalogue(5004),
+  //   IODevice::readAnalogue(5005),
+  //   IODevice::read(5003));
+  // DIAG(F("HCSR04 Test: dist=%d value=%d"),
+  //   IODevice::readAnalogue(2000),
+  //   IODevice::read(2000));
+  // DIAG(F("ADS111x Test: %d %d %d %d %d"), 
+  //   IODevice::readAnalogue(4500), 
+  //   IODevice::readAnalogue(4501),
+  //   IODevice::readAnalogue(4502),
+  //   IODevice::readAnalogue(4503),
+  //   IODevice::readAnalogue(A5)
+  // );
+  // DIAG(F("RF24 Test: 4000:%d 4002:%d"), 
+  //   IODevice::read(4000), 
+  //   IODevice::read(4002)
+  // );
+  DIAG(F("EXPANDER: 2212:%d 2213:%d 2214:%d"),
+    IODevice::readAnalogue(2212), 
+    IODevice::readAnalogue(2213),
+    IODevice::readAnalogue(2214));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if I2C_STRESS_TEST
+static bool initialised = false;
+static uint8_t lastStatus = 0;
+static const int nRBs = 3; // request blocks concurrently
+static const int I2cTestPeriod = 1; // milliseconds
+static I2CAddress testDevice = {SubBus_6, 0x27};
+static I2CRB rb[nRBs];
+static uint8_t readBuffer[nRBs*32]; // nRB x 32-byte input buffer
+static uint8_t writeBuffer[nRBs];  // nRB x 1-byte output buffer
+static unsigned long count = 0;
+static unsigned long errors = 0;
+static unsigned long lastOutput = millis();
+
+void I2CTest() {
+  if (!initialised) {
+    // I2C Loading for stress test.
+    // Write value then read back 32 times
+    for (int i=0; i<nRBs; i++) {
+      writeBuffer[i] = (0xc5 ^ i ^ i<<3 ^ i<<6) & ~0x08; // bit corresponding to 08 is hard-wired low
+      rb[i].setRequestParams(testDevice, &readBuffer[i*32], 32, 
+        &writeBuffer[i], 1);
+      I2CManager.queueRequest(&rb[i]);
+    }
+    initialised = true;
+  }
+
+  for (int i=0; i<nRBs; i++) {
+    if (!rb[i].isBusy()) {
+      count++;
+      uint8_t status = rb[i].status;
+      if (status != lastStatus) {
+        DIAG(F("I2CTest: status=%d (%S)"), 
+          (int)status, I2CManager.getErrorMessage(status));
+        lastStatus = status; 
+      }
+      if (status == I2C_STATUS_OK) {
+        bool diff = false;
+        // Check contents of response
+        for (uint8_t j=0; j<32; j++) {
+          if (readBuffer[i*32+j] != writeBuffer[i]) {
+            DIAG(F("I2CTest: Received message mismatch, sent %2x rcvd %2x"), 
+              writeBuffer[i], readBuffer[i*32+j]);
+            diff = true;
+          }
+        }
+        if (diff) errors++;
+      } else
+        errors++;
+      I2CManager.queueRequest(&rb[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  if (millis() - lastOutput > 60000) { // 1 minute
+    DIAG(F("I2CTest: Count=%l Errors=%l"), count, errors);
+    count = errors = 0;
+    lastOutput = millis();
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+void updateLocoScreen() {
+  for (int i=0; i<8; i++) {
+    if (DCC::speedTable[i].loco > 0) {
+      int speed = DCC::speedTable[i].speedCode;
+      char direction = (speed & 0x80) ? 'R' : 'F';
+      speed = speed & 0x7f;
+      if (speed > 0) speed = speed - 1;
+      SCREEN(3, i, F("Loco:%4d %3d %c"), DCC::speedTable[i].loco,
+        speed, direction);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void updateTime() {
+  uint8_t buffer[20];
+  I2CAddress rtc = {SubBus_1, 0x68};  // Real-time clock I2C address
+  buffer[0] = 0;
+
+  // Set time - only needs to be done once if battery is ok.
+  static bool timeSet = false;
+  if (!timeSet) {
+    // I2CManager.read(rtc, buffer+1, sizeof(buffer)-1);
+    // uint8_t year = 23;    // 2023
+    // uint8_t day = 2;      // tuesday
+    // uint8_t date = 21;    // 21st
+    // uint8_t month = 2;    // feb
+    // uint8_t hours = 23;   // xx:
+    // uint8_t minutes = 25; // :xx
+    // buffer[1] = 0;   // seconds
+    // buffer[2] = ((minutes / 10) << 4) | (minutes % 10);
+    // buffer[3] = ((hours / 10) << 4) | (hours % 10);
+    // buffer[4] = day;
+    // buffer[5] = ((date/10) << 4) + date%10; // 24th
+    // buffer[6] = ((month/10) << 4) + month%10; // feb
+    // buffer[7] = ((year/10) << 4) + year%10; // xx23
+    // for (uint8_t i=8; i<sizeof(buffer); i++) buffer[i] = 0;
+    // I2CManager.write(rtc, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+    timeSet = true;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t status = I2CManager.read(rtc, buffer+1, sizeof(buffer)-1, 1, 0);
+  if (status == I2C_STATUS_OK) {
+    uint8_t seconds10 = buffer[1] >> 4;
+    uint8_t seconds1 = buffer[1] & 0xf;
+    uint8_t minutes10 = buffer[2] >> 4;
+    uint8_t minutes1 = buffer[2] & 0xf;
+    uint8_t hours10 = buffer[3] >> 4;
+    uint8_t hours1 = buffer[3] & 0xf;
+    SCREEN(10, 0, F("Departures  %d%d:%d%d:%d%d"), 
+      hours10, hours1, minutes10, minutes1, seconds10, seconds1);
+  }
+}
+
+void showCharacterSet() {
+  if (millis() < 3000) return;
+  const uint8_t lineLen = 20;
+  char buffer[lineLen+1];
+  static uint8_t nextChar = 0x20;
+  for (uint8_t row=0; row<8; row+=1) {
+    for (uint8_t col=0; col<lineLen; col++) {
+      buffer[col] = nextChar++;
+      buffer[++col] = ' ';
+      if (nextChar == 0) nextChar = 0x20; // check for wrap-around
+    }
+    buffer[lineLen] = '\0';
+    SCREEN(3, row, F("%s"), buffer);
+  }
+}
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_NUCLEO_F446RE)
+HardwareSerial Serial3(PC11, PC10);
+#endif
+
+
+// HAL device initialisation
+void halSetup() {
+
+  I2CManager.setTimeout(500); // microseconds
+  I2CManager.forceClock(400000);
+
+  HALDisplay<OLED>::create(10, {SubBus_5, 0x3c}, 132, 64); // SH1106
+  // UserAddin::create(updateLocoScreen, 1000);
+  // UserAddin::create(showCharacterSet, 5000);
+  // UserAddin::create(updateTime, 1000);
+  
+  HALDisplay<OLED>::create(10, {SubBus_4, 0x3c}, 128, 32);
+  HALDisplay<OLED>::create(10, {SubBus_7, 0x3c}, 128, 32);
+
+  //HALDisplay<LiquidCrystal_I2C>::create(10, {SubBus_4, 0x27}, 20, 4);
+
+    // Draw double boxes with X O O X inside.
+  // SCREEN(3, 2, F("\xc9\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcb\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcb\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcb\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcb\xcd\xcd\xcd\xbb"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 3, F("\xba X \xba O \xba O \xba O \xba X \xba"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 4, F("\xcc\xcd\xcd\xcd\xce\xcd\xcd\xcd\xce\xcd\xcd\xcd\xce\xcd\xcd\xcd\xce\xcd\xcd\xcd\xb9"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 5, F("\xba X \xba O \xba O \xba O \xba X \xba"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 6, F("\xc8\xcd\xcd\xcd\xca\xcd\xcd\xcd\xca\xcd\xcd\xcd\xca\xcd\xcd\xcd\xca\xcd\xcd\xcd\xbc"));
+
+  // Draw single boxes with X O O X inside.
+  // SCREEN(3, 0, F("Summary Data:"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 1, F("\xda\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc2\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc2\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc2\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc2\xc4\xc4\xc4\xbf"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 2, F("\xb3 X \xb3 O \xb3 O \xb3 O \xb3 X \xb3"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 3, F("\xc3\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc5\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc5\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc5\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc5\xc4\xc4\xc4\xb4"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 4, F("\xb3 X \xb3 O \xb3 O \xb3 O \xb3 X \xb3"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 5, F("\xc3\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc5\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc5\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc5\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc5\xc4\xc4\xc4\xb4"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 6, F("\xb3 X \xb3 O \xb3 O \xb3 O \xb3 X \xb3"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 7, F("\xc0\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc1\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc1\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc1\xc4\xc4\xc4\xc1\xc4\xc4\xc4\xd9"));
+
+  // Blocks of different greyness
+  // SCREEN(3, 0, F("\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb2\xb2\xb2\xb2\xdb\xdb\xdb\xdb"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 1, F("\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb2\xb2\xb2\xb2\xdb\xdb\xdb\xdb"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 2, F("\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb2\xb2\xb2\xb2\xdb\xdb\xdb\xdb"));
+
+  // DCCEX logo
+  // SCREEN(3, 1, F("\xb0\xb0\x20\x20\x20\xb0\x20\x20\x20\xb0\x20\x20\x20\x20\xb0\xb0\xb0\x20\xb0\x20\xb0"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 2, F("\xb0\x20\xb0\x20\xb0\x20\xb0\x20\xb0\x20\xb0\x20\x20\x20\xb0\x20\x20\x20\xb0\x20\xb0"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 3, F("\xb0\x20\xb0\x20\xb0\x20\x20\x20\xb0\x20\x20\x20\xb0\x20\xb0\xb0\x20\x20\x20\xb0\x20"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 4, F("\xb0\x20\xb0\x20\xb0\x20\xb0\x20\xb0\x20\xb0\x20\x20\x20\xb0\x20\x20\x20\xb0\x20\xb0"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 5, F("\xb0\xb0\x20\x20\x20\xb0\x20\x20\x20\xb0\x20\x20\x20\x20\xb0\xb0\xb0\x20\xb0\x20\xb0"));
+  // SCREEN(3, 7, F("\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1\xb1"));
+  
+#if 0
+  // List versions of devices that respond to the version request
+  for (uint8_t address = 8; address<0x78; address++) {
+    uint8_t buffer[3];
+    uint8_t status = I2CManager.read(0x7c, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 1, address);
+    if (status == I2C_STATUS_OK) {
+      uint16_t manufacturer = ((uint16_t)buffer[0] << 4 ) | (buffer[1] >> 4);
+      uint16_t deviceID = ((uint16_t)(buffer[1] & 0x0f) << 5) | (buffer[2] >> 3);
+      uint16_t dieRevision = buffer[2] & 0x1f;
+      DIAG(F("Addr %s version: %x %x %x"), address.toString(), manufacturer, deviceID, dieRevision);
+    } 
+  }
+#endif
+
+#if I2C_STRESS_TEST
+  UserAddin::create(I2CTest, I2cTestPeriod);
+#endif
+
+#if WIRE_TEST
+  // Test of Wire-I2CManager interface
+  Wire.begin();
+  Wire.setClock(400000);
+  Wire.beginTransmission(0x23);
+  Wire.print("Hello");
+  uint8_t status = Wire.endTransmission();
+  if (status==0) DIAG(F("Wire: device Found on 0x23"));
+
+  Wire.beginTransmission(0x23);
+  Wire.write(0xde);
+  Wire.endTransmission(false); // don't send stop
+  Wire.requestFrom(0x23, 1);
+  if (Wire.available()) {
+    DIAG(F("Wire: value=x%x"), Wire.read());
+  }
+  uint8_t st = I2CManager.write(0x33, 0, 0);
+  DIAG(F("I2CManager 0x33 st=%d \"%S\""), st, 
+    I2CManager.getErrorMessage(st));
+#endif
+
+#if I2C_SETCLOCK
+  // Test I2C clock changes
+  // Set up two I2C request blocks
+  I2CRB rb1, rb2;
+  uint8_t readBuff[32];
+  rb1.setRequestParams(0x23, readBuff, sizeof(readBuff), readBuff, sizeof(readBuff));
+  rb2.setRequestParams(0x23, readBuff, sizeof(readBuff), readBuff, sizeof(readBuff));
+  // First set clock to 400kHz and then issue requests
+  I2CManager.forceClock(400000);
+  I2CManager.queueRequest(&rb1);
+  I2CManager.queueRequest(&rb2);
+  // Wait a little to allow the first transaction to start
+  delayMicroseconds(2);
+  // ... then request a clock speed change
+  I2CManager.forceClock(100000);
+  DIAG(F("I2CClock: rb1 status=%d"), rb1.wait());
+  DIAG(F("I2CClock: rb2 status=%d"), rb2.wait());
+  // Reset clock speed
+  I2CManager.forceClock(400000);
+#endif
+  
+  EXIOExpander::create(2200, 18, {SubBus_0, 0x65});
+  //UserAddin::create(myTest, 1000);
+  // ServoTurnout::create(2200, 2200, 400, 200, 0);
+  // ServoTurnout::create(2200, 2200, 400, 200, 0);
+
+  TouchKeypad::create(2300, 16, 25, 24);
+
+  // GPIO
+  PCF8574::create(800, 8, {SubBus_1, 0x23});
+  //PCF8574::create(808, 8, {SubBus_2, 0x27});
+  PCF8574::create(65000, 8, 0x27);
+
+  MCP23017::create(164,16,{SubBus_3, 0x20});
+  //MCP23017::create(180,16,{SubBus_0, 0x27});
+  Sensor::create(170, 170, 1); // Hall effect, enable pullup.
+  Sensor::create(171, 171, 1);
+
+  // PWM (LEDs and Servos)
+  // For servos, use default 50Hz pulses.
+  PCA9685::create(100, 16, {SubBus_1, 0x41});
+  // For LEDs, use 1kHz pulses.
+  PCA9685::create(116, 16, {SubBus_1, 0x40}, 1000);
+
+  // 4-pin Analogue Input Module
+  //ADS111x::create(4500, 4, 0x48);
+
+  // Laser Time-Of-Flight Sensors
+  VL53L0X::create(5000, 3, {SubBus_0, 0x60}, 300, 310, 46);
+  //VL53L0X::create(5003, 3, {SubBus_6, 0x61}, 300, 310, 47);
+  Sensor::create(5000, 5000, 0);
+  Sensor::create(5003, 5003, 0);
+  // Monitor reset digital on first TOF
+  //Sensor::create(46,46,0);
+
+  // // External 24C256 EEPROM (256kBytes) on I2C address 0x50.
+  // ExternalEEPROM::create({SubBus_0, 0x50}, 256);
+
+  // Play up to 10 sounds on pins 10000-10009. Player is connected to Serial1 or Serial2.
+  #if defined(HAVE_HWSERIAL1) && !defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32)
+  DFPlayer::create(10000, 14, Serial1);
+  #elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32)
+  DFPlayer::create(10000, 10, Serial3);  // Pins PC11 (RX) and PC10 (TX)
+  #endif
+
+  // Ultrasound echo device
+  HCSR04::create(2000, 32, 33, 80, 85 /*, HCSR04::LOOP */);
+  Sensor::create(2000, 2000, 0);
+
+#if __has_include("IO_CMRI.h")
+  CMRIbus::create(0, Serial2, 115200, 50, 40); // 50ms cycle, pin 40 for DE/!RE pins
+  CMRInode::create(25000, 72, 0, 0, 'M'); // SMINI address 0
+  for (int pin=0; pin<24; pin++) {
+    Sensor::create(25000+pin, 25000+pin, 0);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  //CMRInode::create(25072, 72, 0, 13, 'M');  // SMINI address 13
+  //CMRInode::create(25144, 288, 0, 14, 'C', 144, 144); // CPNODE address 14
+
+#ifdef NETWORK_PRESENT
+  // Define remote pins to be used.  The range of remote pins is like a common data area shared
+  // between all nodes.
+  // For outputs, a write to a remote VPIN causes a message to be sent to another node, which then performs
+  // the write operation on the device VPIN that is local to that node.
+  // For inputs, the state of remote input VPIN is read on the node where it is connected, and then 
+  // sent to other nodes in the system where the state is saved and processed.  Updates are sent on change, and
+  // also periodically if no changes.
+  //
+  // Each definition is a triple of remote node, remote pin, indexed by relative pin.  Up to 224 rpins can
+  // be configured (per node).  This is to fit into a 32-byte packet.
+  REMOTEPINS rpins[] = {
+      {30,164,RPIN_IN} ,       //4000  Node 30, first MCP23017 pin, input
+      {30,165,RPIN_IN},        //4001  Node 30, second MCP23017 pin, input
+      {30,166,RPIN_OUT},       //4002  Node 30, third MCP23017 pin, output
+      {30,166,RPIN_OUT},       //4003  Node 30, fourth MCP23017 pin, output
+      {30,100,RPIN_INOUT},     //4004  Node 30, first PCA9685 servo pin
+      {30,101,RPIN_INOUT},     //4005  Node 30, second PCA9685 servo pin
+      {30,102,RPIN_INOUT},     //4006  Node 30, third PCA9685 servo pin
+      {30,103,RPIN_INOUT},     //4007  Node 30, fourth PCA9685 servo pin
+      {30,24,RPIN_IN},         //4008  Node 30, Arduino pin D24
+      {30,25,RPIN_IN},         //4009  Node 30, Arduino pin D25
+      {30,26,RPIN_IN},         //4010  Node 30, Arduino pin D26
+      {30,27,RPIN_IN},         //4011  Node 30, Arduino pin D27
+      {30,1000,RPIN_OUT},      //4012  Node 30, DFPlayer playing flag (when read) / Song selector (when written)
+      {30,5000,RPIN_IN},       //4013  Node 30, VL53L0X detect pin
+      {30,VPIN_NONE,0},        //4014  Node 30, spare
+      {30,VPIN_NONE,0},        //4015  Node 30, spare
+    
+      {31,164,RPIN_IN} ,       //4016  Node 31, first MCP23017 pin, input
+      {31,165,RPIN_IN},        //4017  Node 31, second MCP23017 pin, input
+      {31,166,RPIN_OUT},       //4018  Node 31, third MCP23017 pin, output
+      {31,166,RPIN_OUT},       //4019  Node 31, fourth MCP23017 pin, output
+      {31,100,RPIN_INOUT},     //4020  Node 31, first PCA9685 servo pin
+      {31,101,RPIN_INOUT},     //4021  Node 31, second PCA9685 servo pin
+      {31,102,RPIN_INOUT},     //4022  Node 31, third PCA9685 servo pin
+      {31,103,RPIN_INOUT},     //4023  Node 31, fourth PCA9685 servo pin
+      {31,24,RPIN_IN},         //4024  Node 31, Arduino pin D24
+      {31,25,RPIN_IN},         //4025  Node 31, Arduino pin D25
+      {31,26,RPIN_IN},         //4026  Node 31, Arduino pin D26
+      {31,27,RPIN_IN},         //4027  Node 31, Arduino pin D27
+      {31,3,RPIN_IN},          //4028  Node 31, Arduino pin D3
+      {31,VPIN_NONE,0},        //4029  Node 31, spare
+      {31,VPIN_NONE,0},        //4030  Node 31, spare
+      {31,VPIN_NONE,0}         //4031  Node 31, spare
+    };
+  // FirstVPIN, nPins, thisNode, pinDefs, CEPin, CSNPin
+  // Net_RF24 *rf24Driver = new Net_RF24(48, 49);
+  // Network<Net_RF24>::create(4000, NUMREMOTEPINS(rpins), NODE, rpins, rf24Driver);
+  #if NODE==30
+  //Net_ENC28J60 *encDriver = new Net_ENC28J60(49);
+  //Network<Net_ENC28J60>::create(4000, NUMREMOTEPINS(rpins), NODE, rpins, encDriver);
+  #elif NODE==31
+  Net_ENC28J60 *encDriver = new Net_ENC28J60(53);
+  Network<Net_ENC28J60>::create(4000, NUMREMOTEPINS(rpins), NODE, rpins, encDriver);
+  #else
+  Net_Ethernet *etherDriver = new Net_Ethernet();
+  Network<Net_Ethernet>::create(4000, NUMREMOTEPINS(rpins), NODE, rpins, etherDriver);
+  #endif
+  for (int i=0; i<=32; i++) 
+    Sensor::create(4000+i, 4000+i, 0);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32
+//PCF8574::create(1900, 8, 0x27);
+Sensor::create(1900,100,1);
+Sensor::create(1901,101,1);
+#endif
+
+}
+#endif // IO_NO_HAL

platformio.ini

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ default_envs =
 	ESP32
 	Nucleo-F411RE
 	Nucleo-F446RE
-	Teensy3.2
-	Teensy3.5
-	Teensy3.6
-	Teensy4.0
-	Teensy4.1
+	Teensy3_2
+	Teensy3_5
+	Teensy3_6
+	Teensy4_0
+	Teensy4_1
 src_dir = .
 include_dir = .
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ monitor_speed = 115200
 monitor_echo = yes
 build_flags = -std=c++17
 
-[env:Arduino M0]
+[env:Arduino-M0]
 platform = atmelsam
 board = mzeroUSB
 framework = arduino
@@ -173,6 +173,8 @@ board = esp32dev
 framework = arduino
 lib_deps = ${env.lib_deps}
 build_flags = -std=c++17
+monitor_speed = 115200
+monitor_echo = yes
 
 [env:Nucleo-F411RE]
 platform = ststm32
@@ -188,11 +190,11 @@ platform = ststm32
 board = nucleo_f446re
 framework = arduino
 lib_deps = ${env.lib_deps}
-build_flags = -std=c++17  -Os -g2 -Wunused-variable -DDIAG_LOOPTIMES ; -DDIAG_IO 
+build_flags = -std=c++17  -Os -g2 -Wunused-variable ; -DDIAG_LOOPTIMES ; -DDIAG_IO 
 monitor_speed = 115200
 monitor_echo = yes
 
-[env:Teensy3.2]
+[env:Teensy3_2]
 platform = teensy
 board = teensy31
 framework = arduino
@@ -200,7 +202,7 @@ build_flags = -std=c++17  -Os -g2
 lib_deps = ${env.lib_deps}
 lib_ignore = NativeEthernet
 
-[env:Teensy3.5]
+[env:Teensy3_5]
 platform = teensy
 board = teensy35
 framework = arduino
@@ -208,7 +210,7 @@ build_flags = -std=c++17  -Os -g2
 lib_deps = ${env.lib_deps}
 lib_ignore = NativeEthernet
 
-[env:Teensy3.6]
+[env:Teensy3_6]
 platform = teensy
 board = teensy36
 framework = arduino
@@ -216,7 +218,7 @@ build_flags = -std=c++17  -Os -g2
 lib_deps = ${env.lib_deps}
 lib_ignore = NativeEthernet
 
-[env:Teensy4.0]
+[env:Teensy4_0]
 platform = teensy
 board = teensy40
 framework = arduino
@@ -224,7 +226,7 @@ build_flags = -std=c++17  -Os -g2
 lib_deps = ${env.lib_deps}
 lib_ignore = NativeEthernet
 
-[env:Teensy4.1]
+[env:Teensy4_1]
 platform = teensy
 board = teensy41
 framework = arduino

version.h

@@ -4,8 +4,58 @@
 #include "StringFormatter.h"
 
 
-#define VERSION "4.2.24"
-// 4.3.24 - Bugfix Ethernet shield: Static IP now possible
+#define VERSION "4.2.60"
+// 4.2.60 - Add mDNS capability to ESP32 for autodiscovery
+// 4.2.59 - Fix: AP SSID was DCC_ instead of DCCEX_
+// 4.2.58 - Start motordriver as soon as possible but without waveform
+// 4.2.57 - New overload handling (faster and handles commonFaultPin again)
+//        - Optimize analog read STM32
+// 4.2.56 - Update IO_RotaryEncoder.h:
+//        - Improved I2C communication, non-blocking reads
+//        - Enable sending positions to the encoder from EXRAIL via SERVO()
+// 4.2.55 - Optimize analog read for AVR
+// 4.2.54 - EX8874 shield in config.example.h
+//        - Fix: Better warnings for pin number errors
+//        - Fix: Default roster list possible in Withrottle and <jR>
+//        - Fix: Pin handling supports pins up to 254
+// 4.2.53 - Fix: Fault pin handling made more straight forward
+// 4.2.52 - Experimental support for sabertooth motor controller on ESP32
+// 4.2.51 - Add DISABLE_PROG to disable programming to save RAM/Flash
+// 4.2.50 - Fixes: estop all, turnout eeprom, cab ID check
+// 4.2.49 - Exrail SPEED take notice of external direction change 
+// 4.2.48 - BROADCAST/WITHROTTLE Exrail macros 
+// 4.2.47 - Correct response to <JA 0>
+// 4.2.46 - Support boards with inverted fault pin
+// 4.2.45 - Add ONCLOCKMINS to FastClock to allow hourly repeat events
+// 4.2.44 - Add PowerShell installer EX-CommandStation-installer.exe
+// 4.2.43 - Fix STM32 set right port mode bits for analog
+// 4.2.42 - Added EXRAIL TURNOUTL Macro definition
+// 4.2.41 - Move HAl startup to ASAP in setup()
+//        - Fix DNOU8 output pin setup to all LOW  
+// 4.2.40 - Automatically detect conflicting default I2C devices and disable
+// 4.2.39 - DFplayer driver now polls device to detect failures and errors.
+// 4.2.38 - Clean up compiler warning when IO_RotaryEncoder.h included
+// 4.2.37 - Add new FLAGS HAL device for communications to/from EX-RAIL;
+//        - Fix diag display of high VPINs within IODevice class.
+// 4.2.36 - do not broadcast a turnout state that has not changed
+//        - Use A2/A3 for current sensing on ESP32 + Motor Shield
+// 4.2.35 - add <z> direct pin manipulation command 
+// 4.2.34 - Completely fix EX-IOExpander analogue inputs
+// 4.2.33 - Fix EX-IOExpander non-working analogue inputs
+// 4.2.32 - Fix LCD/Display bugfixes from 4.2.29
+// 4.2.31 - Removes EXRAIL statup from top of file. (BREAKING CHANGE !!)
+//          Just add AUTOSTART to the top of your myAutomation.h to restore this function.
+// 4.2.30 - Fixes/enhancements to EX-IOExpander device driver.
+// 4.2.29 - Bugfix Scroll LCD without empty lines and consistent
+// 4.2.28 - Reinstate use of timer11 in STM32 - remove HA mode.
+//        - Update IO_DFPlayer to work with MP3-TF-16P rev3.
+// 4.2.27 - Bugfix LCD showed random characters in SCROLLMODE 2
+// 4.2.26 - EX-IOExpander device driver enhancements
+//        - Enhance I2C error checking
+//        - Introduce delays to _loop to allow room for other I2C device comms
+//        - Improve analogue read reliability
+// 4.2.25 - Bugfix SAMD21 Exrail odd byte boundary
+// 4.2.24 - Bugfix Ethernet shield: Static IP now possible
 // 4.2.23 - Bugfix signalpin2 was not set up in shadow port
 // 4.2.22 - Implement broadcast of Track Manager changes
 // 4.2.21 - Implement non-blocking I2C for EX-IOExpander device driver
@@ -47,6 +97,10 @@
 // 4.2.11 Exrail IFLOCO feature added
 // 4.2.10 SIGNAL/SIGNALH bug fix as they were inverted
 //        IO_EXIOExpander.h input speed optimisation
+//        ONCLOCK and ONCLOCKTIME command added to EXRAIL for EX-FastCLock
+//        <JC> Serial command added for EX-FastClock
+//        <jC> Broadcast added for EX-FastClock
+//        IO_EXFastClock.h added for I2C FastClock connection
 // 4.2.9 duinoNodes support
 // 4.2.8 HIGHMEM (EXRAIL support beyond 64kb)
 //       Withrottle connect/disconnect improvements